Ranggin Desh Rangpur

A_©t gš¿x mgvPvi

GKUz `~i †_‡KB ïi“ Kwi| cÖvPxbKv‡j ivRv ev`kvivB †`k ev iv‡R¨i gvwjK wQ‡jb| kvmKI wQ‡jb Zviv| huviv Rwg‡Z dmj djv‡Zv Zvuiv cÖRv, Avi hvuiv cÖRv‡`i †`qv LvRbvi UvKvq ivRZ¡ Ki‡Zv Zviv ivRv| ZLb †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi cÖRv‡`i wQ‡jv bv| MYZš¿ ev RbZ‡š¿i aviYvI ZLb gvby‡li Av‡mwb|

wKš‘ mg‡qi AveZ©‡b mewKQyi cwieZ©b nq| ivRZš¿ D‡o wM‡q cÖwZwôZ nq MYZš¿| Avgv‡`i cvK-fviZ-evsjv Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivRZš¿ D‡”Q‡`i Av‡M cÖwZwôZ n‡jv weªwUkZš¿| weªwUkiv e¨emvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cvwbi Rvnv‡R P‡o G †`‡k G‡m Q‡j e‡j †KŠk‡j †`kUv `Lj K‡i wbj| ïi“ n‡jv Zv‡`i ivRZ¡| `xN© †cŠ‡b `yÕkZ eQi a‡i Zvuiv Avgv‡`i Dci cÖfyZ¡ Ki‡jv|

wKš‘ G †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvwcqvmx gvbyl Zv‡`i Dci cÖfyZ¡ g‡b cÖv‡b †g‡b †bqwb| hy‡M hy‡M Kv‡j Kv‡j bvbv Av‡›`vjb K‡i‡Q, K‡i‡Q wec­e I msMÖvg| c‡i ax‡i ax‡i weªwUkiv G‡`kevmx‡`i wKQy wKQy ivR‰bZxK AwaKvi †`q Ges MYZ‡š¿i ¯^c‡¶ Av‡m| d‡j, fvi‡Zi ey‡K MwVZ nq ivR‰bwZK `j Ks‡MÖm (1885wLª.) Aek¨ GB Ks‡MÖmB fvi‡Z ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi AMÖ`~Z| Ks‡MÖmB wn›`-ygymwjg Dfq RvwZi msMVb| wKš‘ bvbv Kvi‡Y 1906 wLªóv‡ã XvKvq beve mwjgyj­vni †bZ…‡Z¡ MVb Kiv n‡jv gyjwjgjxM| g~jZ gymwjg m¤cÖ`v‡qi ¯^v_© i¶v KivB gymwjjxgjx‡Mi gyL¨ KvR| GuivB cieZx©Kv‡j Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g gymwjg‡`i Avjv`v Avevmf~wg cvwK¯—vb cÖwZôv Ki‡jv| †mUv Av‡iK BwZnvm|

MYZ‡š¿i g~jv¨vqb K‡i ivRbxwZi aviv Pvjy n‡j evsjvi ey‡K A‡bK ivR‰bwZK `‡ji m„wó nq| †k‡i evsjv G.†K.dRjyj nK MVb K‡ib K…lK cÖRv cvwU© 1929 wLªóv‡ã| Gi Av‡M 1923 wLªóv‡ã ¯^ivR¨`j MVb K‡ib †`keÜz wPËiÄb `vk (1870wLª.-1925wLª.)| Zvic‡iI A‡b‡K ivR‰bwZK `j MVb K‡ib †mB weªwUk hy‡M| Avgiv †m Av‡jvPbvq hv‡ev bv| 1935 wLª÷v‡ã fviZ kvmb †gvZv‡eK wØK¶-wewkó AvBb cwil` MVb Kiv n‡jv| hvi GKwU ivR¨ cwil` Ges AciwU AvBb cwil`|

AvBb cwil‡`i m`m¨MY RbM‡bi cÖZ¨¶ †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ n‡Zb| Zvu‡`i ejv n‡Zv Gg.Gj.G (Member of Legislative Assembly) Avi ivR¨ cwil‡`i m`m¨ g‡bvbxZ n‡Zb D”Pwkw¶Z Ges AwfhvZ eskxq‡`i g‡a¨ †_‡K Gu‡`i ejv n‡Zv (Member of legislative Council).

mviv esjvq ZLb AvBb cwil‡`i m`m¨ wbe©wPZ n‡Z 250 Rb| H mgq cÖavbgš¿xmn cwil‡`i m`m¨ wQ‡jb gvÎ 11Rb| cÖavbgš¿x ev‡` Aci gš¿x‡`i 5Rb wQ‡jb wn›`y Ges 5Rb gymwjg| †hgb-

gš¿x	c`	wbe©vwPZ
1. ‡k‡i evsjv G.†K.dRjyj nK	cÖavbgš¿x	K…lK cÖRv cvwU©
2. bwjbxiÄb miKvi	A_©gš¿x	eY© wn›`y
3. m¨vi LvRv bvwRgyÏxb	¯^ivóªgš¿x	gymjxg jxM
4. weRq cÖmv` wmsn ivq	ivR¯^gš¿x	eY© wn›`y
5. beve LvRv nvweeyj­vn	K…wl I wk¶vgš¿x	gymjxg jxM
6. gnvivRv kªxkP›`ª b›`x	‡hvMv‡hvMgš¿x	eY© wn›`y
7. †nv‡mb kwn` †mvnivIqv`x©	evwYR¨ I kªggš¿x	gymjxg jxM
8. beve †gvkvid ‡nv‡mb	wePvi I AvBbgš¿x	K…lK cÖRv cvwU©
9. ‰mq` bI‡ki Avwj	Rb¯^v¯’¨ I ¯’vbxq miKvi gš¿x	K…lK cÖRv cvwU©
10. cÖmbœ‡`e ivqKU	eb I AveMvix gš¿x	Zdwmjx wn›`y
11. gyKz›`wenvix gwj­K	mgevq I MÖvgxY FYgš¿x	Zdwmjx wn›`y

         

Dc‡iv³ gš¿xmfv wQ‡jv †k‡i evsjv G.†K.dRjyj n‡Ki Mov †RvU miKvi| 1937 wLª÷v‡ã mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi ci| GB gwš¿mfv Avgiv iscy‡ii †Kv‡bv gš¿x‡K ‡`LwQ bv| Z‡e KvwkgevRv‡ii (gywk©`vev‡`i) gnvivRv kªxkP›`ª b›`x‡K Avgiv wKQyUv iscy‡ii gš¿x ej‡Z cvwi| KviY hw`I wZwb iscyi evm K‡ibwb, Zey&I wZwb iscy‡ii Rwg`vi wQ‡jb| KzwoMÖv‡gi evnvie›`, wfZie›` I Mqvevwo ciMYvi gvwjK wQ‡jb wZwb| Zv‡`i Rvwg`vixi †nWAwdm wQ‡jv Dwjcyi| iscy‡i GKevi G‡mwQ‡jb kªxkP›`ª b›`xi wcZv gnvivRv gbx›`ªP›`ª b›`x| H mgq wZwb 1j¶ UvKv `vb K‡ib KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡R| (1916wLª.)| †mB UvKvq wbwg©Z QvÎvevmwUi bvg KvwkgevRvi QvÎvevm (ms‡¶‡c †K.we.†nv‡÷j) Dwjcy‡i G‡`i eû KxwZ© Av‡Q|

gyj cÖm‡½ †div hvK Gevi| 1937-Gi wbe©vP‡b gymwjgjxM cvq 40wU Avmb, K…lK-cÖRv cvwU© 38wU, Ks‡MÖm 60wU, ¯^Zš¿ 41wU Ges evKx¸‡jv cvq eY©wn›`y I Zdwmjx wn›`y| wKQy Avmb BD‡ivcxq‡`i g‡a¨ P‡j hvq| †hûZz H hy‡M Gg.Gj.G. Ges G.Gj.wm.iv AZ¨š— mb¥vbx I bvgx `vgx e¨w³ wQ‡jb Ges Zvu‡`i B‡gR AvRKvjKvi gš¿x‡`i †P‡qI †ekx wQ‡jv, ZvB Zvu‡`i Ici hrmvgvb¨ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv `iKvi|

1937 wLª÷v‡ã e½xq e¨e¯’vcK cwil‡`i wbe©vP‡b iscyi m`i gnKzgv †_‡K Gg.Gj.G wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb `yÕRb G¨vW‡fv‡KU| `w¶Y iscyi †_‡K G¨vW‡fv‡KU Lvbevnv`yi kvn Avãyi iDd| Zvi evwo cxiMÄ Dc‡Rivi gwKgcyi| wZwb cÖ‡dmi †iRv kvn, fv¯‹i AbxK I mvs¯‹…wZK ¯^vwË¡K kvni c~e©cyi“l| Avi DËi iscyi †_‡K G¨vW‡fv‡KU nvRx QwdiDÏxb kvn (Avgvi wcZvgn)| GB wbe©vP‡b MvBevÜv †_‡K wbe©vwPZ nb G¨vW‡fv‡KU Avey †nv‡mb miKvi| Zvi evwo mv`yj¨vcyi Dc‡Rjvi †LvÏ©‡Kvgicyi MÖv‡g| Ges MvBevÜvi Aci Gg.Gj.G-i bvg G¨vW‡fv‡KU Avng` †nv‡mb| H w`‡K eªþcy‡Îi Zx‡i Dwjcyi †_‡K Gg.Gj.G.-wbe©vwPZ nb Rwg`vib›`b wgqv Avãyj nvwdR| H mgq DËie‡½i e¨vNÖ bv‡g L¨vZ aijv cv‡ii K…wZmš—vb KvRx Bg`v`yj nK n‡jb Gg.Gj.wm (Ks‡MÖm)                 

Avevi wbe©vPb G‡jv 1946 wLªóv‡ã| GB wbe©vP‡b bxjdvgvix RjXvKv †_‡K Gg.Gj.G wbe©vwPZ n‡jb gvÎ 26 eQi eq‡mi GK D¾¡j Zi“b KvRx Avãyj Kv‡`i| Ks‡MÖm cÖv_x©‡K civwRZ K‡i wZwb Rqgvj¨ cwiavb Ki‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb gymwjgjx‡Mi cÖv_x©| H eQi KzwoMÖvg †_‡K gymwjgjx‡Mi cÖv_x© cwbiDÏxb Avng` Gg.Gj.G.nb| Avi MvBevÜv †_‡K nb Avng` †nv‡mb| H wbe©vP‡bi ci †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©i †bZ…‡Z¡ gwš¿mfv MwVZ n‡j G‡Z K…wl-eb-grm¨ Ges cïcvjb gš¿Yvj‡qi gš¿x n‡jb Avng` †nv‡mb| Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q, e„nËi iscyi †Rjvq cÖ_g gš¿x nIqvi †MŠie AR©b Ki‡jb MvBevÜv mvNvUv Dc‡Rjvaxb RvjvjZvBo MÖv‡gi nx‡ii UzKiv mš—vb Avng` †nv‡mb|

Gi c‡ii BwZnvm †Zv fviZ fvM Ges cvwK¯—vb bv‡gi GKwU bZzb iv‡óªi Rb¥| hvi `ywU Ask cwðg cvwK¯—vb Ges c~e© cvwK¯—vb| cvwK¯—v‡bi ivRbxwZ‡Z ïi“ †_‡K †uMvRvwgj Avi Akvwš—| †h gymjwgjxM cvwK¯—vb Avb‡jv, Av‡M Av‡M mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v| wn›`y-gymjgv‡b LybvLywb| A‡bK wKQyB N‡U †Mj evsjvi gvwU‡Z| †h gymwjg Ges wn›`yiv cvkvcvwk fvB fvB wnmv‡e evm Ki‡Zv kZ kZ eQi a‡i| Zviv n‡q †M‡jv G‡K Ac‡ii kµ| Z‡e iscy‡ii gvbyl G iKg nxbgb¨Zvq KL‡bv Mv fvmvqwb| wn›`y Ges gymwjg `v½v nqwb| G‡Ki cÖwZ Ac‡ii wek¦vm,kª×v,fw³ Ges fv‡jvevmvI nvivqwb| †m HwZn¨ Av‡Rv we`¨gvb|

cvwK¯—vb cÖwZôvi ci gymwjgjxM Zvi fveg~wZ© a‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡jv bv| d‡j, Gi wec‡¶ GKwU bZzb ivR‰bZxK `‡ji Rb¥ n‡jv 1949 wLªóv‡ã| cÖ_‡g Gi bvg wQ‡jv AvIqvgx gymwjgjxM| c‡i gymwjg kãwU Zz‡j w`‡q Kiv n‡jv AvIqvgxjxM| 1947 wLª÷vã †_‡K 1954 wLªóvã ch©š— c~e©evsjvq gymjxg jx‡Mi kvmb Ae¨vnZ wQ‡jv| H mgq KwgDwbó‡`i Pv‡c 1951 wLª÷v‡ã 15B b‡f¤^i Zvwi‡L c~e©e½ †_‡K Rwg`vix cÖ_v D‡”Q` AvBb cvk n‡jv|

1954 wLª÷v‡ãi mvaviY wbe©vP‡b gymwjgjx‡Mi fivWywe n‡jv| cÖv‡`wkK AvBb-mfvq 309wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ gymwjgjxM †c‡jv gvÎ 9wU| RqRqKvi n‡jv hy³d«‡›Ui| AvIqvgx jxM, K…lK-cÖRv cvwU© Ges †bRv‡g Bmjvg I MYZš¿x `j wb‡q MwVZ n‡qwQj hy³d«›U| Gi eo eo †bZviv n‡jb †nv‡mb kwn` †mvnivIqv`x©, gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx Ges †k‡i evsjv G.†K.dRjyj nK| m‡½ wQ‡jb †kL gywReyi ingvbI|

wbe©vP‡bi ci †k‡i evsjv G.†K dRjyj nK n‡jb g~L¨gš¿x, iscy‡ii Avey †nv‡mb miKvi n‡jb A_©gš¿x Ges Abb¨ wefv‡Mi huviv gš¿x n‡jb Zvuiv Ab¨vb¨ †Rjvi †jvK| Z‡e GB gwš¿mfvi ¯’vwqZ¡Kvj wQ‡jv gvÎ 57 w`b| H eQi cvwK¯—v‡bi †K›`ªxq cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb e¸ovi gyn¤§` Avwj| wZwb KwgDwbó `g‡b e¨_©Zvi ARynvZ †`wL‡q hy³d«‡›Ui gwš¿mfv evwZj K‡i 92(K) aviv Rvwi K‡i MfY©‡ii kvmb Pvjy Ki‡jb

c~e©cvwK¯—v‡b|

1955 wLª÷v‡ãi 3 Ryb 92(K) aviv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv n‡jv| ZLb 6Ryb, 5 m`m¨wewkó gwš¿mfv MVb Ki‡jb iscyi-b›`b Avey †nv‡mb miKvi| wZwb n‡jb gš¿x‡`i gš¿x gyL¨gš¿x| GB gwš¿mfvq iscy‡ii Av‡iv GKRb gš¿x wQ‡jb| ZvuiB bvg Avng` †nv‡mb| A_©vr wZwb wØZxq ev‡ii g‡Zv gš¿xi c` Aj¼„Z Ki‡jb| n‡jb K…wl-eb-grm I cïcvjb wefv‡Mi gš¿x| GB mgq Avey †nv‡mb miKvi RvZxq A‡bK¸‡jv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wm×vš— wb‡jb| Zv n‡jv, GKz‡k †ceª“qvix‡K knx` w`em wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ `vb; †K›`ªxq knx` wgbv‡ii wfwËcÖ¯—i ¯’vcb; ea©gv‡bi Rwg`vievwo ea©gvb nvDR-G evsjv GKv‡Wgxi D‡Øvab; c‡njv ˆekvL‡K evsjv beel© wn‡m‡e miKvix QywU †NvlYv BZ¨vw`|

1956wLªóv‡ã nVvr †`‡k Lv`¨ msKU †`Lv w`‡jv Ges `ªe¨g~‡j¨i DaŸ©MwZ n‡jv| Gi cÖwZev‡` XvKvi ivRc_ DËß n‡jv| Lv‡`¨i `vwe‡Z f~Lv-wgwQj n‡jv| wgwQ‡j cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z wKQy †jvK AvnZ n‡jv| G‡Z cÖ‡`wkK cwil‡`i wKQy m`m¨ `j Z¨vM Ki‡jv| d‡j, 1eQi 3 gvm ¶gZvq _vKvi ci 30 AvMó Avey †nv‡mb miKv‡ii gwš¿mfv c`Z¨vM Ki‡jv|

c~e© evsjvq Avevi Rvwi Kiv n‡jv MfY©‡ii kvmb| MfY©i n‡jb †k‡i evsjv| 1956 wLªóv‡ãi gv‡P©| wZwb weÁ ivRbxwZwe` XvKv avgivB‡qi ¯^Y©mš—vb AvZvDi ingvb Lvb (1907-1991)-‡K gwš¿mfv MV‡bi `vwqZ¡ w`‡jb| Lvb mv‡ne gwš¿mfv MVb Ki‡jb| wZwb n‡jb g~L¨gš¿x| iscyi †_‡K wZwb LqivZ †nv‡mb‡K wb‡jb| Zv‡K w`‡jb K…wl-Lv`¨ grm¨ I cïcvjb `dZi| LqivZ †nv‡mb GKRb fv‡jv †bZv wQ‡jb mviv DËie‡½i g‡a¨| ivRbxwZ K‡ib wZwb QvÎRxeb †_‡KB| KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡R QvÎ-msm‡`i wZwb cÖ_g gymwjg fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U (wf.wc) wQ‡jb| eo †RvZ`v‡ii †Q‡j wQ‡jb e‡j wb‡j©vf I mr ivRbxwZK wQ‡jb| wZwb 1940 wLªóv‡ã gymwjgjx‡Mi cÖwZwbwa n‡q jv‡nvi Awa‡ek‡b †hvM`vb Ki‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb 1940 wLªóv‡ã wZwb bxjdvgvixi cÖ_g gš¿x| 2 eQi wZwb gwš¿Z¡ K‡ib|

B‡Zvg‡a¨ c~e©evsjvi ivR‰bZxK A½‡b †`Lv w`‡jv `y‡hv©‡Mi NbNUv| ïi“ n‡jv Kjn-weev` Avi msNvZ| GB MÛ‡Mv‡ji †fZi Avey †nv‡mb miKvi Av‡iv `yevi gwš¿mfv MVb Ki‡jb| wKš‘ Zv ¯’vqx n‡jv bv| evwji ev‡ai g‡Zv †f‡½ †M‡jv| †k‡l cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i mfvq †Pqvi w`‡q gvivgvwi n‡jv mvsm`‡`i g‡a¨| G‡Z †WcywU ¯úxKvi kv‡n` Avwj AvnZ n‡q c‡i nvmcvZv‡j †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM Ki‡jb|

MYZ‡š¿i GB `yive¯’vq 8 A‡±vei 1956wLªóv‡ã cvwK¯’vb †mbvevwnbxi cÖavb †Rbv‡ij AvBDeLvb ¶gZvq G‡jb| bvbv †KŠk‡j wZwb 10 eQi ivRZ¡ K‡ib| GB mgq KzwoMÖv‡gi Aveyj Kv‡kg wQ‡jb †WcywU ¯úxKvi| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy× PjvKvjxb wZwb gymwjgjxM †bZv wn‡m‡e cvwK¯’v‡bi c¶ †bb Ges H mgq A_©gš¿x nb| Z‡e AvBDe Lv‡bi Avg‡j iscyi †_‡K K…wl-L¨v`¨-eb-grm¨ I mgevq gš¿x nb bxjdvgvixi Avãyj Kv‡`i| ZLb c~e©cvwK¯—v‡bi MfY©i Avãyj †gvbv‡qg Lvb (wK‡kviMÄ) | AvBDe Lv‡bi mgq gymwjgjxM `yÕfv‡M fvM n‡q †M‡jv| Kb‡fbkb gymwjg jxM I KvDwÝj gymjxgjxM| KvRx Avãyj Kv‡`i wQ‡jb AvBDe Lv‡bi Kb‡fbkb gymwjgjx‡Mi c‡¶| A_©vr KvDwÝj gymwjgjx‡Mi c‡¶|

iscy‡ii gš¿x‡`i g‡a¨ KvRx Avãyj Kv‡`i wQ‡jb LyeB mvnmx Ges `ya©l© cÖK…wZi| ï‡bwQ, wZwb bvwK QvÎRxeb †_‡KB wQ‡jb Wvbwc‡U; gviwc‡U I¯—v`| wZwb KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri QvÎ| ZvB gš¿x n‡qB wRbœvn Uzwc gv_vq w`‡q wZwb K‡jR cwi`k©‡b G‡jb| Avwg ZLb wRjv ¯‹z‡j cwo beg †kªYx‡Z| 1962 wLªóv‡ã| gš¿xi cÖZ¨vkv wQ‡jv, QvÎiv Zvu‡K dz‡ji gvjv w`‡q eiY Ki‡e| wKš‘ Dëv NUbv NU‡jv| mvgwiK kvmK AvBDe Lv‡bi wZwb mv‡cvU©vi Ges Zvi g‡bvbxZ gš¿xi Kvi‡Y QvÎiv we‡¶vf cÖ`k©b Ki‡jv| GB Acgvb wZwb mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| m‡½ m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡jb ˆmq`cy‡i| Mvwo fwZ© ¸Ûvewnbx G‡m †M‡jv| †÷kb †iv‡W QvÎiv ZLb wgwQj wb‡q GwM‡q hv‡”Q RvnvR †Kv¤úvbx w`‡K| †Ucv Rwg`v‡ii evwoi (eZ©gvb †mvbvwj e¨vs‡Ki) Kv‡Q wgwQjUv Avm‡ZB we`yr †e‡M Mvwo †_‡K †b‡g wenvix ¸Ûviv †jvnvi †PBb w`‡q Qv·`i †cUv‡Z jvM‡jv| `„k¨Uv Avwg ¯^P‡¶ †`Ljvg| H gyû‡Z© Avwg ILv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQjvg| Hw`b KvRx mv‡ne UvDb n‡j GKwU wgwUs Ki‡jb| ‡KŠZznj wb‡q AvwgI UvDb n‡j †Mjvg; ‡`wL Kv‡jv i‡Oi KzrwmZ †Pnvivi wenvix¸Ûviv mfvq †cQ‡bi w`‡K emv| Hw`b Ry¤§vcvovi BDmyd ¸Ûvi QywiKvNv‡Z GK e¨w³ AvnZ n‡qwQ‡jb| eû eQi ci GK mv¶vrKvi †bqvi mgq H NUbvUvi K_v IV‡j, mv‡jK gUim †c‡Uªvj cv‡¤úi gvwjK kvn Avvãym mv‡jK mv‡ne Avgv‡K e‡jb, AvnZ f`ª‡jvK Avgvi fvqiv| wZwb ILv‡b `vwo‡q wgwQj †`LwQ‡jb| QvÎ g‡b K‡i Zv‡K QywiKvNvZ Kiv nq|

KvRx mv‡nie iscy‡i G ai‡bi GKUv NUbv NwU‡qwQ‡jb iv‡Mi gv_vq| ZvB e‡j †h, wZwb iscyi Ges iscy‡ii gvbyl‡K fv‡jvevm‡Zb bv, Zv wVK bq| iscy‡ii eû †eKvi †Q‡j‡`i wZwb PvKwi w`‡q‡Qb; Avw_©K mnvqZvI K‡i‡Qb cÖPzi| iscy‡i ‡gwWK¨vj K‡jR ¯’vc‡b Zvi h‡_ó Ae`vb| wZwb bxjdvgvixi `v‡ivqvbx †UKªUvBj wgj ¯’vc‡b D‡`¨Mx f~wgKv †bb| †mB mgq XvKvq iscy‡ii gvbyl Kg wQ‡jv| wPwKrmv wKsev K‡jR wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡Z Amyweav n‡j wZwb m‡½ m‡½ mvnv‡h¨i nvZ evov‡Zb| †dvb K‡i wi‡Kv‡qó Ki‡Zb| wK‡iv‡qó bv ïb‡j Kx Ki‡Zb, Zvi GKUv D`vniY †`‡ev Gevi| bxjvdvgvixi †Ucv `wjiv‡gi cÖL¨vZ †RvZ`vi cvnvox KvjUzi bvwZ Avãyj AvwRR XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q evsjvq Abv‡m© fwZ© n‡q mwjgyj­vn gymwjg n‡j wmU cvw”Q‡jb bv| ZLb wZwb wUKvUzwj nvU‡Lvjv †iv‡W gš¿xi evmvq wM‡q Dcw¯’Z| gš¿x Zvi c~e© cwiwPZ| GK GjvKvi gvbyl| Avmvi KviY Rvb‡Z PvB‡j AvwRR mv‡ne ej‡jb, PvPv n‡j wmU cvw”Q bv| wZwb n‡ji cÖ‡fv‡ói †dvb b¤^i m‡½ K‡i wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| KvRx mv‡ne b¤^i wb‡q cÖ‡fvó‡K †dvb Ki‡jb| cwiPq w`‡ZB mvjvg w`‡jb, wKš‘ n‡j wmU †bB e‡j AcviMZvi K_v Rvbv‡jb| wKš‘ GB wmsn †Zv bv ïb‡Z Af¨¯— bb; m‡½ m‡½ M‡R© DV‡jb, Avi ej‡jb, Avgvi fvwZRvi GKUv wm‡Ui Rb¨ hw` mwjgyj­vn gymwjg n‡ji wewìs evov‡Z nq, Z‡e ZvB Ki“bÕ| G K_v e‡j †dvb †i‡L w`‡jb| c‡i AvwRR fvB wVKB wmU †c‡q †M‡jb| MíUv AvwRR fvB‡qi †QvUfvB †Rjv ¯‹z‡j Avgvi mncvVx I wewkó eÜz Avãyi ingv‡bi KvQ †_‡K †kvbv|

Avi G K_vI wVK 1964 wLªóv‡ã gva¨wgK cvk K‡i Avwg hLb XvKv K‡j‡R fwZ© n‡Z ‡Mjvg, ZL‡bv H mgm¨vq cojvg| mviv c~e©cvwK¯—v‡b †gavex Qv·`i wfo| Avwg fwZ© n‡Z cvi‡ev e‡j g‡b n‡jv bv| 2Uv †jUvi wb‡q cÖ_g wefv‡M cvk K‡iI Avgvi GB Ae¯’v| Avgvi PvPv‡Zv fMœxcwZ gvndzR Avng` ZLb XvKvq dzW wWcvU©‡g‡›U PvKwi K‡ib| Zvi wcZv KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡R Aviwe-dvwm©i cÖ‡dmi wQ‡jb| e`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvi ivavbM‡ii weL¨vZ gyn¤§` †nv‡mb| KvRx mv‡ne Zvi Avg‡ji QvÎ| †mB m~Î a‡i †Mjvg wUKvUzwj‡Z KvRx mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q| mvjvg w`‡q cwiPq w`‡ZB mgm¨v Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| ï‡bB wej¤^ bq, †dvb Ki‡jb wcÖwÝcvj RvjvjDÏxb Avng`‡K| (eZ©gvb-ivóªcwZ wRj­yi ingv‡bi k¦ïi wQ‡jb wcÖwÝcvj RvjvjDÏxb Avng`|) c‡i hLb Avwg wcwÝcv‡ji mv‡_ †`Lv Kijvg, wZwb Avgvi KvMRcÎ gvK©wmU †`‡L ej‡jb †Zvgvi †iRvë †Zv ev‡jvB, gš¿xi Kv‡Q wM‡qwQ‡j †K‡bv ? KvRx mv‡ne bvbv Pv‡c gš¿xi c` Z¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb c‡i| Zvi eû KivY| cÖ_g KviY, Zvi GjvKvq wbe©vPbx cÖwZØ›Øx wjeywgqv KZ©„K gvgjv Ges MfY©i †gvbv‡qg Lv‡bi m‡½ g‡Zi Miwgj| MfY©i †gvbv‡qg Lvb wQ‡jb AvBDe Lv‡bi LyeB wek¦¯— Ges wcÖqcvÎ| Zvi mv‡_ †U°v w`‡Z wM‡q wZwb Kzjv‡Z cvi‡jb bv| Avi †jey wgqvi gvgjvi aKjUvI †ek eo| wbe©vP‡bi mgq miKvwi Mvwo e¨envi Ges miKvwi cÖkvmb‡K e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ †jey wgqv gvgjv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges gvgjvi ivqI Zvi c‡¶ hvq nvB‡Kv‡U©| d‡j, KvRx mv‡ne c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| Z‡e wZwb eo Ab¨vqUv K‡iwQ‡jb MfY©i †gvbv‡qg Lvb‡K _vài †g‡i|

gwš¿Z¡ nviv‡jI Zv‡K cieZx©Kv‡ji me miKv‡ii gš¿xiv fw³ Ki‡Zb Ges mb¥vb Ki‡Zb| †KD wec‡` c‡o Zvi Kv‡Q †M‡j wZwb †dvb Ki‡j KvR n‡Zv| g„Zgš¿x n‡jI RxweZ gš¿xi g‡Zv Zvi †dv‡b KvR n‡Zv| wZwb Rxe‡bi ïi“ †_‡KB gymwjgjxM K‡i‡Qb| ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i mgq Rq evsjv †k­vMv‡bi m‡½ myi †gjv‡Z cv‡ibwb| †`k ¯^vax‡bi mgq wZwb cvwK¯’v‡b wQ‡jb| A_© wKsev c‡`i †gv‡n wZwb KLB bxwZåó nbwb| GB e„×wmsn 82 eQi eq‡m 2002 wLª÷v‡ã XvKvi ¸jkv‡bi wbR evmfe‡b B‡š—Kvj Ki‡jb| g„Zz¨i c‡iI †i‡L †M‡jb fv‡jv g›` bvbv BwZnvm, bvbv Kvwnbx|

Avey †nv‡mb miKvi wQ‡jb Lye mr Ges Rb`i`x gvbyl| ivRbxwZ‡K m¤^j K‡i wZwb KL‡bv RbM‡bi UvKv jyUcvU K‡ibwb| GKev Zvi mvgbv mvgwb nIqvi my‡hvM n‡qwQ‡jv Avgvi| †mUv 1965 wLª÷v‡ã| ZLb Avwg XvKv K‡j‡R cwo| iscy‡ii wKQy bexb I cÖexY wg‡j Avgiv iscyi †Rjv RbKj¨vY mwgwZ MVb Kijvg| K‡qKRb wg‡j Avgiv iscy‡ii bvgx `vgx e¨w³‡`i Kv‡Q †Mjvg wKQy Pvu`vi cÖZ¨vkvq| Avey †nv‡mb miKvi mv‡nie ZLb avbgwÛ‡Z wbR evmvq _vK‡Zb| Zv‡K †`‡L Avgv‡`i g‡b n‡jv, eq‡mi fv‡i wSwg‡q cov GK K¬vš— evN| Zvi m‡½ †ek wKQy K_vevZv© n‡jv| Zvici wRbœvni QweIqvjv 5UvKvi GKwU †bvU Avgv‡`i w`‡jb| Avi ej‡jb, Avwg g‡i †M‡j Puv`v Zz‡j †Zvgiv gvwU w`I| K_vUv ZLb ï‡bwQjvg, wKš‘ Mfxi fv‡e wPš—v Kwiwb| GLb Zv‡K wb‡q wjL‡Z e‡m fvewQ, Avm‡jI †kl Rxe‡b wZwb A_© msK‡U wQ‡jb| Avi A‰eafv‡e wKQy K‡ibwb e‡jB Zvi mš—vbiv RxweKvi Rb¨ wb‡Ri _vKv evwoUvi †`vZjv AvR PvBwbR †ióz‡i‡›Ui Rb¨ fvov w`‡jb|

Avng` †nv‡mb AZ¨š— mr ivRbxwZK wQ‡jb| wb‡Ri ‡P‡q RbM‡bi K_v †ekx fve‡Zb| wZwb GKRb avwg©K I Cgvb`vi gymwjg wQ‡jb| gwngvM‡Ä iscyi myMvi wgjm wj. cÖwZôv Kiv GKUv eo KvR| gwngvMÄ Rv‡g gmwR` wZwb bvbvi m¤úwË wewµi UvKv w`‡q GKKfv‡e K‡ib| wZwb g„Z¨Kv‡j 14(†PŠÏ) Rb mš—vb mš—wZ †i‡L †M‡Qb| ej‡Zb Avj­vn cvK I‡`i †ndvRZ K‡ib|

          Z_¨m~Î : i½cy‡ii e‡iY¨ e¨w³Z¡Õ cÖKvkK-i½cyi M‡elYv cwil`Õ - 2007|

Z‡e cvwK¯—vb Avg‡j ivRbxwZ K‡i e„nËi iscy‡ii †h e¨w³ abvX¨kvjx n‡q‡Qb, Zvi bvg Aveyj Kv‡kg| Avgiv c~‡e© D‡j­L K‡iwQ, KzwoMÖv‡gi Aveyj Kv‡kg cwKw¯—v‡bi RvZxq cwil‡`i †WcywU ¯úxKvi wQ‡jb Ges A_©gš¿xi c`I Aj¼„Z K‡ib| wKš‘ wecyj †fvU †c‡q RvZxq cwil‡`i m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡jI wZwb RbM‡Yi Rb¨ hrmvgvb¨B K‡i‡Qb| Rbwn‰Zlx Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ GKwU n‡jv, KzwoMÖvg ‡_‡K wPjgvix ch©š— †ijjvB‡bi we¯—vi | dzjevwo, f~i“½vgvix Ges †iŠgvix‡Z †UwjMÖvd I †Uwj‡dvb jvBj ¯’vcb BZ¨vw`| i½cy‡ii e‡iY¨ e¨w³Z¡ MÖ‡š’ KzwoMÖv‡gi e‡iY¨ e¨w³‡`i g‡a¨ ivRbxwZwe` wgqv Avãyj nvwdR (1893wLª.-1976wL.) Gi ¸‡Yi eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q Aveyj Kv‡kg m¤ú©‡K †jLv n‡q‡Q wgh©v Avãyj nvwdR e¨vw³MZ fv‡e mr Rxebhvcb Ki‡Zb| wZwb Zvi `xN© ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡b mvsm` wn‡m‡e wecyj weË ˆefe m„wói my‡hvM‡K D‡c¶v K‡i‡Qb| c~e©cyi“‡li A_©we‡Ë Rxeb wbe©vn K‡i‡Qb| mgmvgwqK ivRbxwZwe` Aveyj Kv‡kg (mv‡eK †WcywU ¯úxKvi I A_©gš¿x)| ¶gZv e¨envi K‡i hLb wecyj A_© I wk‡íi (Kv‡kg †UKªUvBj wg‡ji) gvwjK nb, ZLb wgqv Avãyj nvwdR mg¯— my‡hvM‡K D‡c¶v K‡i RbZvi Rb¨ RbvZvi KvZv‡i wQ‡jb| Avevi †iŠgvix ivwRecy‡ii mwbœK‡U SMovPi MÖv‡g (Avmv‡gi †Mvqvjcvov †Rjvi Aš—M©Z gvbKviPi _vbvaxb|) Ges †iŠgvix I ivwRecy‡i Zvi eû AvZ¡xq ¯^R‡bi evm; m‡e©vcwi wZwb G AÂj †_‡K wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwa whwb †`‡k cwiPvjbvq GKwU DPz Avm‡b AwawôZ, ZvB Zvi Kv‡Q G A‡ji RbM‡bi cÖZ¨vkv wQ‡jv A‡bK ‡ewk| ZvQvov wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb †gavex QvÎ, gvbKviPi nvB¯‹z‡ji †PŠKk wk¶K, Zx¶è eyw×`xß AvBbÁ, RvZxq ivR‰bZxK †bZv, Kgbxq †Pnviv I gvwR©Z e¨w³‡Z¡i AwaKvix| Zvi cÖwZ gvby‡li Av¯’v I cÖZ¨vkv ¯^vfvweK Kvi‡bB ‡ekx wQj| eis evi evi Zv‡`i‡K ïay nZvk K‡i‡Qb, ‡evKv evwb‡q‡Qb| Avi ivRbxwZ‡K gyjab K‡i wekvj wkí-KviLvbv K‡i gvC`yj Avi gvCbyj cy·`i Rb¨ Avivg Av‡q‡ki e¨e¯—v K‡i †M‡Qb| Z‡e cieZx©Kv‡j Zvi cyÎ gvC`yj Bmjvg gyKzj gš¿x n‡q A‡bK Rb‡mevg~jK KvR iscyievmx‡`i Rb¨ K‡i‡Qb| we‡kl K‡i wZ¯—v e¨viR cÖK‡íi KvRwU gš¿x gvC`y‡ji D‡`¨v‡MB beRxeb jvf K‡i| †m BwZnvm Avgiv we¯—vwiZ wj‡LwQ Ki‡Zvqv-w·mªvZv-‡jvwn‡Z¨i †`k wk‡ivbv‡g|

evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡jv 1971 wLªóv‡ã| cvwK¯’v‡bi †Rj †_‡K gy³ n‡q e½eÜz †kL gywRei ingvb evsjv‡`‡k wd‡i G‡jb| bZzb †`k| bZzb fv‡e ïi“ Ki‡Z n‡”Q mewKQy| e½eÜz GKwU gwš¿mfv MVb Ki‡jb| G‡Z e„nËi iscyi †Rjv †_‡K hviv ivóª cwiPvjbvq wewfbœ `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi my‡hvM †c‡jb, Zvuiv n‡jb evsjv‡`k MY-cwil‡`i ¯úxKvi MvBevÜvi †Mvwe›`MÄ Dc‡Rjvaxb ¸gvbxMÄ BDwbq‡bi djmx MÖv‡gi mš—vb kvn Avãyj nvwg` (1900-1972wLª÷vã)| wZwb wQ‡jb evsjv‡`k MY-cwil‡`i cª_g ¯úxKvi| µxovwe`, msMVb, bvU¨Kvi Ges mgvR‡mex wn‡m‡e wZwb wQ‡jb MvBevÜvi mevi wcÖq e¨w³| wKš‘ `yfv©M¨,1972 wLª÷v‡ã wZwb gviv †M‡jb|

e½eÜzi gwš¿mfvq iscy‡ii Aci gš¿x wQ‡jb jvjgwYinv‡Ui wiqvR DÏxb Avng` (1923wLª.-1997wLªóvã)| wZwb †fvjv wgqv bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ| e½eÜzi gwš¿mfvq wZwb eb,grm¨ I cïcvjb gš¿Yvj‡qi gš¿x wQ‡jb| cieZx© Kv‡j wZwb wRqvDi ingv‡bi `‡j †hvM`vb K‡i we.Gb.wc (evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j) Gi gwš¿mfvqI gš¿x nb| ZviI c‡i û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gikv` hLb ¶gZvq G‡jb, ZLb †mLv‡b bv G‡m cvi‡jb bv| KviY Gikv` mv‡n‡ei gv gwR`v LvZzb Zvi PvPv‡Zv †evb| †mB wn‡m‡e gvgv G‡m fvMœvi gwš¿mfvq †hvM`vb Ki‡jb| wiqvRDÏxb Avng` †fvjv wgqv Zvi Rxe‡b cvPevi cvj©v‡g›U †g¤^vi Ges Pvievi gš¿x nb| †WcywU w¯úKvi I nb GKevi| Zvi GB evisevi `j e`j Kivi Rb¨ GKevi GK Kg©x Zv‡K cÖkœ K‡ib, ÔAvcwb G‡Zv Nb Nb `j e`j K‡ib †Kb? Dˇi wZwb bvwK e‡jwQ‡jb, ‡h `j ¶gZvq hvq, †m `‡j hw` Avwg bv hvB, Zvn‡j †`‡ki KvR Ki‡ev wK fv‡e| wZwb KzwoMÖvg Ges jvjgwYinv‡Ui RbM‡bi Kj¨v‡Y D‡j­L‡hvM¨ wKQy K‡i‡Qb e‡j bwRi †bB|

bxjdvgvix †_‡K e½eÜzi mg‡q ûBc n‡qwQ‡jb cÖL¨vZ Qv·bZv Avãyi iDd| wZwb 1969 wLªóv‡ã c~e©cvwK¯—vb QvÎjx‡Mi †K›`ªxq KwgwUi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb Ges AvBDe-we‡ivax 11`dv QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡b 10Rb kxl© †bZvi GKRb wQ‡jb| (gwZqv MÖ“c) †bZv mvgmy‡ÏvnvI wQ‡jb| mvgmy‡Ïvnv cieZx© Kv‡j cvjv©v‡g›U †g¤^viI n‡qwQ‡jb|

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e½eÜz mcwiev‡i wbnZ n‡jb 1975 wLª÷v‡ã| m‡½ m‡½ ivócwZi Mw`‡Z L›`Kvi †gv¯—vK Avng` em‡jb| Zvi gwš¿mfvq iscy‡ii †Kvb gš¿x wQ‡jv bv| Gici bvbv NUbv `y©NUbv ci †Nvjv R‡j grm¨ wkKvi Ki‡jb D”Pvwfjvmx ˆmwbK wRqvDi ingvb| wZwb DËie‡½i gvbyl| e¸ovi mš—vb| wZwb ¶gZv `Lj K‡i mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi Ki‡jb| mywcÖg‡Kv‡U©i cÖavb wePvicwZ Aveymv`Z gyn¤§` mv‡qg †K wbhy³ Ki‡jb ivócwZ| cÖvq †`o eQi ivóªcwZ wQ‡jb mv‡qg mv‡ne| wZwb wQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki 6ó ivóªcwZ| c‡i wRqvDi ingvb me©gq ¶gZvq AwaKvix n‡jb Ges c‡i MVb Ki‡jb evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j (we.Gb.wc) bv‡g GKwU ivR‰bZxK `j| †m Av‡iK Kvwnbx|

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Gikv` mv‡n‡ei mgq fywg cÖwZgš—x n‡jb KzwoMÖv‡gi ZvRyj Bmjvg †PŠayix| Avi jvjgwYinvU †gvMjnv‡Ui wkícwZ mvËvi RyU wg‡ji gvwjK| Avãym mvËvi n‡jb cvUgwš¿ Ges c‡i Pxd ûBc| ûBciv n‡jb †QvU Lv‡Uv gš¿x| gš¿x‡`i g‡Zv Mvwo evwo, PvKi evKi meiKg my‡qvM myweav †c‡q _v‡Kb| MvBevÜvi G¨vW‡fv‡KU dR‡j iveŸx †fjy I ûBc n‡qwQ‡jb| Avi e½eÜzi Avg‡j bxjdvgvixi cÖL¨vZ QvÎjxM †bZv Avãyi iDd ûBc n‡qwQ‡jb| G K_v Avgiv Av‡MI e‡jwQ|

G hver evsjv‡`‡k GK bvMv‡o me©vwaK 9eQi (24gvP©, 1982 †_‡K- 6 wW‡m¤^i,1990) ¶gZvq wQ‡jb ivóªcwZ û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gikv`| wZwbI iscy‡ii mš—vb| †mbcvov evwo| Zvi mgq mviv evsjv‡`‡k iv¯—vNv‡Ui mxgvnxb DbœwZ nq| AmsL¨ eªxR, cyj, KvjfvU© wbwg©Z nq| _vbv‡K Dc‡Rjv Ges gnKzgv‡K †Rivq DbœxZ K‡ib wZwb| GK digvb Rvwii gva¨‡g Bs‡iRx Dacca evbvb‡K wZwb K‡ib Dhaka, Zvi †`Lv‡`wL cwðge½ miKvi c‡i weªwUk‡`i †`qv Calcutta evbvb‡K Kolkata K‡i| Gikv` mv‡ne iscy‡ii A‡bK KvR K‡ib| Zvig‡a¨ KvPvwievRv‡i AvBbRxex mwgwZ feb, cvewjK jvB‡eªix feb, wPwoqvLvbv, Gikv` wkï m`b (GwZgLvbv) Ab¨Zg| Z‡e Zvi Øviv iscy‡ii me‡P‡q eo KvRwU n‡jv wZ¯—v e¨v‡iR cÖK‡íi KvR mgvß Kiv| wKš‘ 6 wW‡m¤^i, 1990‡Z GK Mb Afy¨Ìv‡b wZwb ¶gZv †_‡K m‡i hvb| m‡½ m‡½ we‡ivax c¶ mZ¨ wg_¨v eû gvgjv w`‡q Zv‡K †Rje›`x K‡i iv‡L| wZwb `xN© 6 eQi Kviv cÖvPx‡ii Aš—iv‡j wbtm½ Rxeb KvUvb| ZvB wb›`yKiv e‡j _v‡Kb 9 eQ‡ii ivRv 6 eQ‡ii mvRv| Kvivgy³ n‡q wZwb Avevi ivRbxwZ‡Z mwµq n‡q‡Qb| †mbvcÖavb †_‡K ivRbxwZ‡Z G‡m Gikv` mv‡ne cj­xeÜz †LZve jvf K‡ib| GLb Zvi `j wQ&bœ wfbœ| Avi Zvi eqm eZ©gvb 85Gi Dc‡i| Gikv‡`i Avg‡j iscyyi †_‡K Av‡iv GKRb gš¿x n‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi bvg W.wU.AvB.Gg dR‡j iveŸx †PŠayix| MvBevÜvq Zvi evox|

ivócwZ Gikv` mv‡n‡ei miKv‡ii cZ‡bi ci wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g ¶gZvq G‡jb evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j (we.Gb.wc)| ZLbB ivócwZ kvwmZ miKvi‡K gwš¿cwil` kvwmZ miKv‡i i“cvš—wiZK‡i miKvi cÖ`v‡bi bvg n‡jv cÖavbgš¿x| cÖavbgš¿x n‡jb wRqvDi ingv‡bi ¯¿x Lv‡j`v wRqv| wZwb 5 eQi ivRZ¡ Ki‡jb| Zvi mgq MvBevÜv †_‡K gš¿x n‡jb W.Avi.G.MwY| Gici 1996 Gi wbe©P‡b weRqx n‡jv AvIqvgxjxM| GB mgq iscyi †_‡K wZwb `yB Rb‡K cÖwZ gš¿x K‡ib| †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZ gš¿x nb e`iM‡Äi elx©qvb ivRbxwZK Rbve Avwbymj nK †PŠayix Ges cwi‡ek I eb cÖwZgš¿x nb wgVvcyKz‡ii GBP.Gb. AvwkKzi ingvb| cÖavbgš¿x n‡jb e½eÜz Kb¨v †kL nvwmbv| wZwb my›`ifv‡e †`k Pvjv‡jb 5eQi| `ªe¨gyj¨ wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡jb| Gici RvZxq wbe©vP‡b Avevi ØxwZq ev‡ii g‡Zv Lv‡j`v wRqv cÖavbgš¿x n‡jb| GeviI wZwb 5eQi ¶gZvq _vK‡jb| Gi c‡ii NUbv Ab¨iKg| †mbvevwnbxi mnvqZvq ZË¡veavqK miKvi MVb Kiv n‡jv Ges cÖavb Dc‡`óv n‡jb W.dKi“Ïxb Avng`| Avi `ybx©wZi Awf‡hv‡M bvbv †gvKÏgvq †d‡m wM‡q `yB ¶gZvai cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv Ges Lv‡j`v wRqv †M‡jb †R‡j| ms‡M Av‡iv A‡bK eo eo gš¿x Ges e¨emvqxI KvivcÖvPx‡ii Aš—iv‡j| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM gš¿x e¨vwi÷vi bvRgyj û`v, AvBbgš¿x e¨vwi÷vi gI`y` Avn‡g`, mgevq I cj­x Dbœqbgš¿x Avãyj gvbœvb f~Bqv, Lv‡j`v wRqvi `yB cyÎ Zv‡iK ingvb I AvivdvZ ingvb (†Kv‡Kv), Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx cvwU©i Avgxi wkígš¿x gwZDi ingvb wbRvgx; AvIqvgxjx‡Mi †Rbv‡ij †m‡µUvix bIMvi Avãyj Rwjj, AvIqvgx jx‡Mi ¯^ivógš¿x wmivRM‡Äi gyn¤§` bvwmg, wkícwZ mvjgvb Gd.ingvb Ges Av‡bK ivNe‡evqvj| †m GK Av‡jvob m„wóKvix NUbv| †`‡k ZLb Ri“ix AvBb ejer | 9 Rb AivR‰bwZK e¨w³ Dc‡`óv wnmv‡e A¯’vqxfv‡e †`k Pvjvb| Zv‡`i j¶¨,AvMvgx‡Z mr, Ges wb‡jv©f e¨w³ †h‡bv ¶gZvq Av‡m| †`‡ki m¤ú` †h‡bv gš¿xiv jyUcvU bv K‡i          

Gici 28 wW‡m¤^i 2008-G RvZxq wbe©vPb n‡jv| wecyj msL¨K Avmb †c‡q Rqjvf Ki‡jv AvIqvgxjxM| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv| iscyi †_‡K ch©Ub I wegvbgš¿x n‡jb wR.Gg.Kv‡`i (Gikv` mv‡n‡ei †QvU fvB)

রঙগিন দেশ রঙপুর

iscy‡ii i“c Ges Gi AZxZ BwZnvm bvbv i‡O iwOb| Gi gvwUi iOI bvbv cÖKvi| †Kv_vI jvj, ZvB GLvbKvi Rbc‡`i bvg iv½vgvwU; †Kv_vI Kv‡jv, ZvB bvg Kv‡jvgvwU| evjy †ewk e‡j †Mvwe›`M‡Äi GKwU MÖv‡gi bvg evjyfiv| wgVv¯^v‡`i R‡ji Kvi‡Y Rjvk‡qi bvg wgVvKzcyKi| Svu‡K Svu‡K cvwL AvKv‡k D‡o e‡j †iŠgvix Dc‡Rjvi GKwU MÖv‡gi bvg cvwLDov| welv³ mv‡ci Kvi‡Y bv‡Mk¦ix, bv‡MinvU; w`wj­i ev`kv‡ni bv‡g Avjgcyi; †mbvcwZi bv‡g gvbwmsncyi, w`jvjcyi (w`wji Lvui AcÖåsk i“c); ivRvi bv‡g ivRvi nvU, weivU, fxgcyi, D`qcyi; ivYxi bv‡g ivYxcyKzi; ivRKb¨vi bv‡g cvqive›`; ivRwmsnvm‡bi bv‡g feP‡›`ªicvU, P›`bcvU, nwið‡›`ªicvU, (cvU A_© wmsnvmb); Rwg`v‡ii bv‡g g‡n›`ªbMi, gvwnMÄ, Rvwg`vibxi bv‡g †PŠayivYx; cx‡ii bv‡g cxicyi, cxiMÄ,cxiMvQv,Kvjxi bv‡g KvjxMÄ, Kvjxavg `yM©vi bv‡g `yM©vcyi, wk‡ei bv‡g wkecyi; Kx †bB iscy‡i|

b`-b`xi wewPÎ bvg-wZ¯—v,aijv, `yaKzgvi, dzjKygvi, RvjwPiv, †mvbveywo, KvUMwo; dz‡ji bv‡g bvg dzjQwo, dzjevwo, dzj‡PŠwK; d‡ji bv‡g djMvQv, †ejMvQv; Av‡gi bv‡g Avgevwo; cv‡bi bv‡g cvbevwo; Nv‡Ui bv‡g †NvovNvU, ZzjkxNvU, KzjvNvU; iscy‡i kx‡Zi cÖ‡Kvc †ekx e‡j MÖv‡gi bvg n‡q‡Q kxZjMvwo, kxZjevwo| my›`i bv‡gi Rbc` my›`icyi, my›`iMÄ, my›`iLvZv, i“cmx, wm›`yigwZ, BUvKzgvix, †ngKzgvix, cvi“j, cvi“wjqv, Wvwjqv, gxievM, iBmevM, bxjKÚ, g‡bvni, Awfivg, DËg, Z‡cvab, KvwKbv, ivRvnvi , kvLvnvi, gnxcyi, wgwVcyi, emš—cyi, †gŠfvlv, gaycyi, LÄbgviv, RjKwiqv, cjvkx, wWgjv, †Wvgvi| †h‡bv my›`i bv‡gi †kl †bB, mgvwß †bB|

Av‡iv Av‡Q Av‡Q Mvfxi bv‡g MvBevÜv, nvwZi bv‡g nvwZevÜv, †Nvovi bv‡g †Nvovgviv, nwi‡bi bv‡g nwiYPov, nwiYaiv; gvby‡li bv‡g †gv¯—dvcyi, jwZdcyi, †Mvcvjcyi, KzZzecyi BZ¨vw`|

¯^‡M©i g‡Zv my›`i e‡j †iwWI-Nwoi †`vKv‡bi bvg c¨vivWvBm †Kv¤úvbx, Rvnv‡Ri g‡Zv wekvj e‡j RvnvR‡Kv¤úvbx, Ac~e© ¯^v‡`i wgwói Rb¨ j¶xfvÛvi, KjKvZvi Pjw”PÎ bvwqKvi bv‡g KvPvwi evRv‡i jwÛªi bvg ÔmywPÎv jwÛªÕ, mvBb‡ev‡W©i wb‡P bvq‡Ki bvg w`‡q †jLv DËg i“‡c Kvco †avjvB Kiv nq| AZx‡Zi K‡Zv Kvwnbx fiv kni iscyi| myuB-m~Zvi hy× bv n‡j c¨v›U-kvU© ˆZix nq bv; ZvB iscy‡i GKwU `wR©i ‡`vKv‡bi bvg ÔwbWjdvBUÕ-hv Pv‡eb ZvB cv‡eb Ggb cÖmvabx †`vKv‡bi bvg KíZi“| G-Kv‡j AvevwmK †nv‡Uj¸‡jvi wK my›`i bvg wZ‡jvËgv, iRbxMÜv, ejvKv, Avjxd-jvg-gxg|

Avevi cj­x‡Z wd‡i hvB| Amy›`i, we`Ny‡U, bv‡gi MÖv‡giI QovQwo mviv iscyi Ry‡o| †Rvsov evDiv, nvuwofv½v, †Xvjfv½v, MvuIPzjKv, KzKzigviv, mvcLvIqv, `BLvIqv, bybLvIqv, wkqvj -nvMv, †eovLvB| K‡Zv Avi KB! Avi RjcvB¸wo‡Z Ab¨iKg bv‡gi GKwU Rbc` Av‡Q bvg ivRvfvZ LvIqv| Zrm‡½ †mLv‡b my›`i bv‡gi GKwU MÖvg cvwb‡QuPv|

iO †ei‡Oi G mg¯— bv‡gi MÖvg¸‡jvi †fZi †_‡K Avgiv AbymÜvbx `„wó w`‡q Lyu‡R †ei Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ eY©gq bvbv BwZnvm I HwZn¨| Z`m‡½ †hvM K‡iwQ iscy‡ii gš¿x‡`i Kvwnbx, wKQy Awe¯§iYxq e¨vw³i Rxeb-wPÎ, AZx‡Zi ivR‰bZxK BwZnvm Ges Av‡iv wKQy| Gfv‡e Avgiv mvwR‡qwQ gvjv; bvbv i‡Oi, bvbv M‡Üi cy¯ú w`‡q| Zvici n‡jv eB| GKRb we`» †jLK e‡j‡Qb, ÔeB GKvš— Av`‡ii ab| ¯§„wZi RMr Avi gvZ… স্নেহের g‡Zv mZZ myLgq| GK¸”Q eB nv‡Z K‡i ey‡Ki Kv‡Q ai‡j ü`¯ú›`‡bi m‡½ ïb‡Z cvB Zvi kã| †mB my‡ijv kã GB bMb¨ MÖ‡š’i †fZi m~ax cvVK ïb‡Z cv‡eb wK bv, Avi eBwU Zvu‡`i Kv‡Q Av`‡ii ab n‡e wK bv Zv ejv KwVb| ZeyI GB eBwU cvV K‡i cvVK hw` iscy‡ii BwZnvm mgy‡`ªi `yÕPvi †dvUv R‡ji mÜvb cvb, Zvn‡j g‡b Ki‡ev Avgvi w`evivwÎi kªg cÛ nqwb|

GB MÖš’ iPbvi †cQ‡b Avgvi wKQz iscyix Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K-eÜz I ¯^R‡bi AvMÖn, Drmvn Ges †cÖiYv f~jevi bq| Zvuiv n‡jb Ô‡jLK msm`, iscyiÕ-Gi mfvcwZ Wv.gwZDi ingvb em&wbqv, kª‡×q †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb mywd m¨vi, Kwe gvneyeyj Bmjvg (e`iMÄ), kªx Aiwe›` jvwnox (KjKvZv), gyn¤§` Aveyj Kv‡kg (nvivMvQ), mybxj ivq (KjKvZv), cÖ‡dmi DgvcÖmbœ jvwnox (KjKvZv), W±i cÖ‡dmi my‡jLv gyLvRx© (e¨v‡Ûj ûMjx), Aa¨vcK (Ae.) gyn¤§` Avjxg DÏxb, G¨vW‡fv‡KU †nv‡m‡b Aviv jyrdv Wvwjqv, eÜzei gyKzj

†gv¯—vwdR, G¨vW‡fv‡KU Gg.G.evkvi wUcy, Kwe L›`Kvi gyn¤§` mvB`yi ingvb, Aa¨vwcKv AvLZvi evby †ejy| Aa¨vcK gyn¤§` kvn Avjg, Wv.gwdRyj Bmjvg gv›Uz, Av‡bvqvi“j Bmjvg ivRy, KweZvKb¨v †iv‡gbv †PŠayix, Kwe w`ji“ev kvnv`vZ, Aa¨vwcKv bvwmgv AvKZvi Ges cvuP †mœnvc` Gg.G.†kv‡qe `yjvj (nvivMvQ), ivwKe-Dj-nvmvb (G‡jb), Avkivdz¾vgvb evey (e`iMÄ), Avgvi åvZz¯úyÎx wgbûbœvnvi wjgy (e`iMÄ) I Kb¨vZzj¨ †mœnfvRb Kwe †mwjbv mvËvi †kjx|

GB ïf¶‡Y †mŠ`x-cÖevmx K‡qKRb †jLK-eÜz‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z PvB| KviY ZvuivI GB MÖ‡š’i e¨vcv‡i LyeB AvMÖnx Ges MÖš’wU cÖKvkbvq †cÖiYvi cÖwZg~wZ©| Zvu‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg cÖvewÜK †gRevnDÏxb RvI‡ni (XvKv), Kwe Rv‡q` dwi` (cvebv), mymvwnwZ¨K Bjv gwR` (ewikvj), Kwe kvnRvnvb PÂj (gywÝMÄ), åvZzcÖwZg nvwmeyi ingvb cÖvgvwYK bvRby (iscyi), Ôwb‡g©N-e„wóÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i †jwLKv Kwe mÂvwiYx (we-evwoqv) Ges Kwe kvnvbv †PŠayix cwc (iscyi)|

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evsjviB Awe‡”Q`¨ A½ iscyi| GB A‡½i i“c jveY¨, †kvfv-‡mŠ›`h©, myL-`ytL, nvwm-Kvbœv Ges Avkv AvLv•¶v GKB m~‡Î Mvu_v| ZvB evsjv‡K †`L‡j iscyi‡K †`Lv nq, Avi iscyi‡K †`L‡j †`Lv nq evsjv‡K| ZvQvov, GLvbKvi cwj gvwUi De©iZv, wbïwZ iv‡Zi wbieZv, †mvbvwj †iv‡`i  স্নিগ্ধতা, eY¨vq DcPv‡bv R‡ji fqvenZvI GK, Awfbœ|

ZviciI K_v †_‡K hvq| iscy‡ii wbR¯^ wKQy K…wó Av‡Q, ms¯‹…wZ Av‡Q, fvlv Av‡Q , mvwnZ¨ Av‡Q Ges MxZ Av‡Q, m½xZ Av‡Q| Avi Av‡Q nvRvi nvRvi eQ‡ii cÖvPxb BwZnvm I HwZn¨|

evsjvi DËi cÖv‡š— Aew¯’Z †mB k¨vgj-my›`i †RjvwUiB bvg iscyi| iscyi‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwP‡Îi w`‡K ZvKv‡j g‡b n‡e GKUv cvwLi gv_v| Avm‡jI Mfxi g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q gvbwP‡Îi w`‡K ZvKv‡j GKwU cvwLi g‡Zv g‡b nq| g‡b nq †hb wbSzg Øx‡ci GKwU k¨vgj cvwL; Wvbv †g‡j D‡o hv‡”Q mybxj AvKv‡k| Zvi j¤^v cy”QwU wb‡P Szj‡Q| †mB cy”Q n‡jv PUªMÖvg, cve©Z¨ PUªMªvg Ges KKªevRvi| Gi `yB cv e„nËi Lyjbv I e„nËi ewikvj; bvwf †bvqvLvwj; †cU e„nËi XvKv I e„nËi dwi`cyi; Wvbv e„nËi wm‡jU I e„nËi gqgbwmsn; Mjv e„nËi e¸ov; eyK cvebv, wmivRMÄ I Uv½vBj; gyL w`bvRcyi I bIMvu Ges gv_v e„nËi iscyi| GB k¨vgj cvwLi wWg n‡jv †m›UgvwU©b AvBj¨vÛ| ü`‡q †XD Zz‡j, †Rvqv‡i `y‡j `y‡j ch©UKiv hvq †mB g‡bvig Øx‡c| †mLvb †_‡K evsjv cvwLi g¯—KwU eû`~‡i, wngvj‡qi cv`‡`‡k| Av‡MB e‡jwQ, Zvi bvg iscyi| iscy‡ii Aaybvjyß cuvPwU gnKzgv (AvR‡Ki †Rjv) iscyi m`i,MvBevÜv,KzwoMÖvg, jvjgwYi-nvU Ges bxjdvgvix wb‡q †h e„nËi iscyi, ïay ZvB bq, Zvi evB‡iI weªwUk iscyi‡K wb‡qB iscyi‡K wb‡qB ÔiwOb †`k iscyi| Gi cwimi A‡bK eo, A‡bK e„nr| nvRvi nvRvi eQi c~‡e©I cÖvPxb †`k cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcyi ev Kvgi“c ch©š—| KviY iscyi GK mgq Kvgi“‡ci A½ wQ‡jv| Avi iscyi †`k ej‡Z Avgiv weªwUk hy‡Mi iscy‡ii K_v ej‡Z Pvw”Q, hvi Dˇi ¸L©vj¨vÛ (wmwKg) I f~Uvb, `w¶‡Y ZrKvjxb mg‡q wQ‡jv bv‡Uvi| c‡i bv‡Uvi‡K wØLwÛZ K‡i e¸ovi Rb¥ n‡jv 1821wLªóv‡ã| c~‡e© Rvgvjcyi, Avi cwð‡g w`bvRcyi Ges wenv‡ii c~wY©qv †Rjv| ZLb iscy‡ii †fZi wQ‡jv Avmv‡gi ayewo I iv½vgvwU; Rvgvjcy‡ii †`IqvbMÄ _vbv (Dc‡Rjv)| ZLb iscy‡ii wfZi wQj Avmv‡gi ayewo I iv½vgvwU; Rvgvjcy‡ii †`IqvbMÄ _vbv (Dc‡Rjv), e„nËi w`bvRcy‡ii †ZZzuwjqv, cÂMo, †ev`v Ges †NvovNvU|

          fv½v-Mov BwZnv‡mi k¦vkZ weavb| Ôb`xi G Kyj fv‡½, I Kyj M‡o GB †Zv b`xi †LjvÕ| wVK Z`ª“c| fv½‡bi d‡j b`x eo nq, †QvU nq wVKB wKš‘ Rwgi cwigvY ev‡o bv; K‡gI bv| †`k-ivR¨, †Rjv-Dc‡Rjvi †¶‡ÎI GB wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨| wekvj iscyi‡K e¨e‡”Q` Kiv n‡q‡Q eûevi| Avevi KLbI Kiv n‡q‡Q eo, KL‡bv †QvU| d‡j, iscyi Zvi †`nwU‡K AUzU ivL‡Z cv‡iwb KL‡bv| Gi cÖ_g A½‡”Q` nq 1822 wLªóv‡ã ayewo I iv½vgvwU‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i| G `yÕwU GjvKv AvR Avmv‡gi †Mvqvjcvov †Rjvi Aš—M©Z| cv‡k e‡q P‡j‡Q eþcyÎ| †KvPwenvi‡K iscyi †_‡K Avjv`v Kiv n‡jv 1868 wLªóv‡ã RjcvB¸wo †Rjvi R‡b¥i mgq iscy‡ii DËi w`‡K PviwU _vbv: cvUMÖvg, dwKiMÄ, mbœ¨vmxKvUv (wkwj¸wo) Ges †ev`v‡K iscyi nvwi‡q †djj| Giv †ZuZzwjqv gnKzgv bvg wb‡q hy³ n‡jv bexb RjcvB¸wo †Rjvi m‡½| A_P RjcvB¸wo Ges †KvPwenvi g~jZ cÖvPxb iscy‡ii gv_vi gyKzU| G `yÕ†Uv †Rjv‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi d‡j iscyi n‡q co‡jv gyKzUnxb mgªv‡Ui g‡Zv w`‡knviv| †mŠ›`h© nviv| ivR¨nviv| †mB ¯^M©iv‡R¨ Av‡Q †XD †Ljv‡bv mvwi mvwi cvnvo, wPinwir wU-Mv‡W©b Avi bqb Ryov‡bv Kgjv‡jeyi evMvb|

Z‡e †KvPwenv‡ii KZ©b iscyievmx‡`i Rb¨ myLKi nqwb| Gi cÖavb KviY `y‡Uv| GK, GB Ki`-wgÎ ivR¨ †KvPwenv‡ii gnvivRviv wQ‡jb GKKv‡j iscy‡ii cyiv DËi A‡ji gvwjK| ZvB GB `yB GjvKvi RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ GKUv mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM wQj| wQj hvZvhvZ| wQj cÖv‡Yi Uvb| fv‡jvevmvi AvKl©Y| †mLvbKvi DwK‡jiv iscy‡i IKvjwZ Ki‡Zv, QvÎiv KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡R co‡Z Avm‡Zv| †KvPwenv‡ii ejivgcyi MÖvg †_‡K cj­xMxwZ mgªvU AveŸvm DÏxb Avng` iscyi kn‡i GmwQ‡jb KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡R co‡Z, wKš‘ gkvi Kvgo mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i cvwj‡q wM‡q ivRkvnx K‡j‡R fwZ© nb (Z_¨m~Î:ÔAvgvi wkíx Rxe‡b K_vÕ, AveŸvm DÏxb Avng`)| cÖm½Z Zvui †jLvUzKz cvVK‡`i mvg‡b Zz‡j ai‡ev Gevi-ÔK‡j‡R fwZ© n‡ev e‡j iscy‡i GjvgÕ| w`Mš— we¯Z…Z gv‡Vi gvSLv‡b K‡j‡Ri my`„k¨ BgviZ, `~‡i `~‡i evs‡jv c¨vUv‡b©i cÖ‡dmi‡`i †KvqvUvm© my›`i my›`i QvÎvevm| eo fv‡jv jvM‡jv| iv‡Z gymwjg QvÎvev‡m GK eÜzi Kvgivq Nygv‡ev e‡j GKLvbv Lv‡U kh¨v MÖnY Kijvg| eÜyei gkvix LvwU‡q w`we¨ bvK WvK‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb| Avwg Avi Nygy‡Z cvijvg bv| g‡b n‡jv, mviv evsjvi gkKKzj KvigvB‡Kj K‡jR †nv‡ó‡j ‡mw`b GK HKZvb ev`‡bi Rb¨ AvûZ n‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i cyb cyb ¸Y¸Yvbx Ges Avgvi mkã Avµgb `y‡qB AZxô n‡q DVjvg| g‡b g‡b cÖwZÁv Kijvg, ivZ †cvnv‡j K‡j‡Ri MÛx †Q‡o †h-w`‡K `yÕ-‡PvL hvq †ewi‡q co‡ev G evmbv evev‡K Rvbv‡Z wZwb gÄyi Ki‡jb|

wØZxq KviYwU n‡jv- `yB †Rjvi gvbyl‡`i gy‡Li AvÂwjK fvlv GK| Df‡qi Pjb-ejb, K…wó-KvjPvi, Rxebvhvcb c×wZ GK, Awfbœ| bvoxi evuabI GK| GK, ü`‡qi Uvb, gvb-Awfgvb I K‡Úi Mvb| †mB Mv‡bi bvg fvIqvBqv| Z‡e G-K_v mZ¨, fvIqvBqvi Rb¥f~wg †KvPwenvi| †Zvl©v Avi KvjRvwb b`x Zx‡i|

‡KvPwenvi iscyi †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q ¯^Zš¿ †Rjv n‡jI weªwUk Avg‡j `yB †Rjvi gvbyl‡`i g‡a¨ my-m¤úK© wQ‡jv| †mUv 1947 wLªóv‡ã eÜ n‡jv fviZ wefv‡Mi ci †_‡K| wn›`y msL¨v Mwi‡ôi Kvi‡Y †KvPwenvi wn›`y¯’v‡b co‡j, †mLvbKvi gymwjgiv wnRiZ K‡i c~e©cvwK¯—v‡b †h ¯’v‡b G‡m bZzb wVKvbv Luy‡R wb‡jb,Zvi bvg,iscyi| G mgq †KvPwenv‡ii gv_vfv½v gnKzgvaxb kxZjKzwP _vbvi Aš—M©Z eogwiPvMÖvg †_‡K Ô†KvPwenv‡ii BwZnvmÕ (1936 wLª.)-Gi bw›`Z †jLK Lvu †PŠayix AvgvbZ Dj­vn Avng` Ges w`bnvUv gnKzgv †_‡K G¨vW‡fv‡KU gKeyj ‡nv‡m‡bi g‡Zv A‡bK we`» e¨w³ G‡m ¯’vqx nb iscyi kn‡i| Luv †PŠayix AvgvbZ Dj­vn Avng` gvivI hvb iscy‡i| ZvuiB bvwZ †mbcvovi Uzby †PŠayix| Avi G¨vW‡fv‡KU gKeyj ‡nv‡mb †mbcvovq wbR evoxi bvg iv‡Lb Ô¯‹vBwfDÕ| GB evwoi mš—vbB evsjv‡`‡ki bq eQ‡ii kvmK ivóªcwZ û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gikv`|

Z‡e fviZ wefv‡Mi mgq i¨vWwK¬d †iv‡q`v‡` hLb _vbv-Iqvix evsjv‡K fvM Kiv n‡jv, ZLb RjcvB¸wo †_‡K cvUMÖvg _vbv iscy‡i wd‡i G‡jv| wKš‘ †ev`v _vbvwU c~e©cvwK¯—v‡b wd‡i G‡jI iscyi Zv‡K †c‡jv bv| †ev`v wM‡q †hvM n‡jv e„nËi w`bvRcyi †Rjvi m‡½| AvR †ev`v cÂMo †Rjvi Aš—M©Z GKwU _vbv (Dc‡Rjv)| cÖm½Z ej‡Z nq, cÖvPxbKv‡j †ev`v GKwU ciMYv wQ‡jv| evsjvi †kªô myjZvb AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib †ev`v ciMbvi †`ebM‡i| ZvB BwZnvmwe`MY wj‡L _v‡Kb, ÔAvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn AvRb¥ iscy‡i cvwjZÕ| Z‡e Zuvi c~e©cyi“‡li †`k Avie| †`ebM‡ii AbwZ`~‡i wenv‡ii c~wY©qv †Rjvi c~e© cÖv‡š— Ôû‡mb `xwNÕ bv‡g GKwU wekvj `xwN Av‡Q| GB `xwNi cv‡o ˆekvL gv‡m cxi gv`vi kv‡ni gvRv‡i cÖwZeQi GKwU †gjv e‡m| (Z_¨:Ôi½cy‡ii cÖvPxb BwZnvmÕ; W.gyn¤§` gwbi“¾vgvb)|

BwZnv‡mi bvbv Kv‡j iscy‡ii gvbwP‡Îi cwieZ©b nq| e`‡j hvq Gi †Pnviv, e`‡j hvq Gi i“c| AvqZb n‡q hvq †QvU| weªwUk-hy‡M iscy‡ii AvqZb wQ‡jv 7400eM©gvBj| cvwK¯’vb Avg‡j Zv K‡g n‡jvv 3750 eM©gvBj| Avi evsjv‡`k Avg‡j Gi Ae¯’v Av‡iv Ki“Y| †PvL, gyL, Kvb, g¯—K, nvZ meB wQbœ n‡q †M‡Q| GLb ïay aoUv wb‡q †eu‡P Av‡Q| †k‡li e¨e‡”Q`wU n‡jv 1984 wLªóv‡ã| GB eQi ivóªcwZ û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gikv` evsjv‡`‡ki mg¯— gnKzgv¸‡jv‡K †Rjvq i“cvš—wiZ Ki‡j m‡½ m‡½ iscy‡ii cwiwa ‡QvU n‡q †M‡jv| n‡q †M‡jv 64 †Rjvi GKwU †Rjv| AvqZb n‡jv gvÎ 893 eM©gvBj| A_©vr weªwUk Avg‡ji iscy‡ii 8 fv‡Mi GK fvM-AvR‡Ki iscyi|

Avi gnKzgv¸‡jv †Rjvq DbœxZ n‡j, cÖwZwU bexb †Rjvi gvbyl wbR wbR †Rjvi cwiP‡q cwiwPZ n‡jv| †WcywU Kwgkbvi †c‡jv, cÖkvmb †c‡jv, †c‡jv miKvwi A‡_©i eivÏ| Avi m‡½ m‡½ †KvYVvmv n‡q msKxY© MwÛi g‡a¨ Ave× n‡q co‡jv iscyi| bexb †Rjv¸‡jv AvR wbR wbR i“c I †iLv wb‡q gvbwP‡Îi cvZvq bvbv i‡O iwOb| †mLvbKvi †jLK-Kwe-mvwnwZ¨KMY GLb wjL‡Qb wbR wbR †Rjvi BwZnvm| Gi g‡a¨ BwZnvm MÖš’’I cÖKvwkZ n‡jv †ek K‡qKwU| ÔMvBevÜvi BwZnvm I HwZn¨Õ cÖKvwkZ n‡jv 1994 wLªóv‡ã| KzwoMÖv‡gi ÔBwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZÕ wjL‡jb †gv¯—dv †Zvdv‡qj ‡nv‡mb 1996 wLªóv‡ã| bxjdvgvix †Rjvi BwZnvm I HwZn¨ m¤ú`bv Ki‡jb gwY L›`Kvi 2000 wLª÷v‡ã, †Rjv cÖkvmK iscyi, m¤úv`bv Ki‡jv Ôiscyi †Rjvi BwZnvmÕ 2000wLªóv‡ã, gyn¤§` Avjxg DÏxb wjL‡jb Ôiscyi msewZ©KvÕ-2000 wLªóv‡ã| Ô†Rjvi bvg jvjgwYinvUÕ wjL‡jb gyn¤§` Avkivdz¾vgvb gÛj (meyR) 2006 wLª÷v‡ã, ÔAv‡jvKwP‡Î w`bvRcyi-iscyiÕ cÖKvk Ki‡jv K¨v›U cvewjK K‡jR 2008wLª÷v‡ã, †gv¯—dv †Zvdv‡qj iPbv Ki‡jb Ôi½cyi-iscyi, BwZnvm †_‡K BwZnv‡mÕ 2009wLª÷v‡ã|

wKš‘ Avgiv wbR wbR ¶z`ªZi †Rjv¸‡jvi AZxZ BwZnvm †h fv‡eB Zz‡j awi bv †K‡bv, mwVK my›`i HwZ‡n¨i cik †Qvqv‡bv BwZnvm wjL‡Z n‡j †kK‡oi mÜvb Ki‡Z n‡e; Avmj HwZn¨ LyuR‡Z n‡e| KviY HwZn¨ Qvov BwZnvm Am¤ú~Y©| cwic~Y©Zv cvq bv| BwZnvm n‡jv engvb b`xi †mªv‡Zi g‡Zv MwZkxj; Avi HwZn¨ n‡jv †mB †mªv‡Zi  wb‡P R‡g _vKv Zjvbx| †mB Zjvbxi mÜv‡b Avgv‡`i †h‡Z n‡e AZx‡Zi wekvj iscy‡ii Øv‡i| ZvKv‡Z n‡e we¯§„Z AZx‡Z| †h‡Z n‡e `~‡i| eû`y‡i| cÖv‰MwZnvwmK hy‡M| cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcy‡i|

`~i eû`~i

(cÖv‰MwZnvwmK hyM †_‡K ga¨hy‡Mi c`cÖvš—)

`yi †m eû`yi| cÖv‰MwZnvwmK hyM| nvRvi nvRvi eQi Av‡Mi K_v| wekvj e½f~wgUv ZLb ¶z`ª ¶y`ª iv‡R¨ wef³ wQj| ‡mB mg¯— iv‡R¨ ivRv wQ‡jv, cÖRv wQ‡jv, my`k©b ivRcyÎ wQ‡jv| wQ‡jv i“cewZ ivRKb¨v| †Zgwb GK ivRvi bvg ewj| wZwb wbtmš—vb wQ‡jb| g‡b `yt†Li Aš— †bB| ZvB wZwb wbR ¯¿x ivYx my‡`òv‡K mš—vb jv‡fi Avkvq cvVv‡jb `xN©Zvgm gvgvZ¨ gywbi Kv‡Q| †mB AÜ gywbi Ji‡m ivRv evwj jvf Ki‡jb 5wU cyÎ| GB cuvP cy‡Îi bv‡g cieZx© Kv‡j Rb¥ n‡jv A½, e½, Kwj½, cyÛy,  my² bv‡g cuvPwU †`k| GQvov, cÖvPxb Kv‡j nwi‡Kj, mgZU, Zvgªwjwß, e‡i›`ª bvbv bv‡gi †`k wQj| Avi wQ‡jv bvbv BwZnvm I HwZ‡n¨ fiv `yÕwU †`k cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcy‡ii Awe‡”Q`¨ A½ wQ‡jv grm¨‡`k| grm¨‡`‡ki f~wg wQ‡jv AvR‡Ki w`bvRcy‡i, Avi cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcy‡ii Awe‡”Q`¨ A½ wQj iscyi| gvSLv‡b e‡q Pj‡Zv wekvj, Li‡mªvZv K‡iv‡Zvqv| Ki‡Zvqvi †mB fqven i“c GLb †bB| ¶xY‡mªvZv n‡q cwiYZ n‡q‡Q g„ZcÖvq b`x‡Z|

cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcy‡ii BwZe„Ë †jLvi Av‡M e½fywgi (evsjv wenvi Dwol¨vi Ab¨vb¨ ivR¨¸‡jvi Ici wKQy) Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv `iKvi| KviY D³ ivR¨¸‡jvi DÌvbcZb,fv½Mov, we¯—vi wejywßi m‡½ iscy‡ii AZxZ BwZnvm Kg‡ekx m¤ú„³| ivRv evwji KwbôcyÎ my¶ w`‡qB ïi“ Kiv hvK| my¶‡`k ej‡Z M½v b`xi cwð‡g Zx‡ii we¯—xY© GjvKv‡K †evSv‡Zv| cÖ‡dmi bxnviiÄb ivq ev½vjxi BwZnvm G e‡j‡Qb, my¶‡`‡ki cieZx©Kv‡ji bvg ivp‡`k| iv‡pi evwm›`v‡`i ivpx  ejv n‡Zv| iscyi wWgjvi Rwg`vi es‡ki cÖwZôvZv niivg †mb GKRb ivpx wQ‡jb| Avi GK weL¨vZ ivpxi bvg weRq wmsn| wZwb wQ‡jb iv‡pi ivRv wmsnevûi cyÎ| ivp †_‡K †bŠc‡_ wM‡q j¼v weRq K‡i weRq wmsn j¼vi bvg iv‡Lb wmsnj| †mUv AvovB nvRvi eQi Av‡Mi K_v| †MŠZg ey× ZLb †e‡Pu wQ‡jb| ÔgnveskÕ I Ô`xceskÕ bvgK `ywU MÖ‡š’ G mg¯— Kvwnbx †jLv i‡q‡Q| G Z_¨ me©cÖ_g D×vi K‡ib Kwe m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë| ZLb wZwb wjL‡jb-

ÔAvgv‡`i †Q‡j weRq wmsn j¼v Kwiqv Rq,

wmsnj bvg ivwLqv †M‡jv †kŠ‡h©i cwiPq|

wmsnj bvgwU m¤cÖwZ e`j K‡i Kiv n‡jv kªxj¼v | kªx A_© D¾¡j Avi j¼v A_© †`k| kªxj¼v A_© D¾¡j †`k| cy‡Ûªi bv‡gi ivR¨wUi bvg cyÛea©b| Gi cÖvY‡K›`ª wQj e¸ovi gnv¯’vbMo| cÖL¨vZ ˆPwbK cwieªvRK wnD‡qb mvO 641 wLªóv‡ã cyÛyea©‡b G‡m wKQyw`b wQ‡jb| Zvi ågY e„Ëvš— c‡i Wv. d«vwÝm eyKvbb n¨vwgjUb mv‡ne Ges c‡i cÖL¨vZ cÖZœZË¡we` I fviZ cÖZœZË¡ wefv‡Mi cwiPvjK Av‡jvKRvÛvi Kvwbsnvg mv‡ne G wm×v‡š— DcbxZ nb †h, e¸ovi gnv¯’vbMo cyÛ‡`‡ki ivRavbx wQ‡jv| wQ‡jv cÖvY‡K›`ª|

Kwj½ n‡jv Dwol¨v, hvi Avi GKwU bvg DrKj| †gŠh© mgªvU P›`ª¸‡ßi bvwZ mgªvU A‡kvK Kwj‡½i hy‡×i ci wnsmvi ivRbxwZ cwinvi Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ wn›`yag© cwiZ¨vM K‡i †eŠ×a‡g© `x¶v wb‡qwQ‡jb| GUvB †mB Kwj½ hvi cÖvPxb ivRavbx KUK| eZ©gvb ivRavbx f~e‡bk¦i|

A½ iv‡R¨i Ae¯’vb wenv‡i| A½‡K gnvfviZ G D³ KY© ivRvi †`kI ejv nq| ivRv KY© A½ iv‡R¨i ivRavbxi bvgKiY K‡iwQ‡jb ¯^xq cZœxi bv‡g P¤úv| AvR‡Ki fvMjcyiB †mB- P¤úv †h fvMjcy‡i iscyi- `ywnZv †eMg †iv‡Kqvi we‡q n‡qwQj|

Zvgªwjwß n‡jv †gw`bxcyi †Rjvi Aš—M©Z AvR‡Ki ZgjyK gnKzgv| Zgjy‡Ki BwZvnvm MÖ‡š’i bvg ÔZvgªwjwß hy‡M hy‡MÕ|

nwi‡Kj ej‡Z wm‡jU‡K †evSvq| Avi mgZU evsjvi `w¶Y Ask‡K| Gi AvIZvq c‡o Lyjbv, ewikvj, †bvqvLvjx Ges Kzwgj­v | 1943 wLªóv‡ã jvjgvB I gqbvgwZ cvnvi Lyu‡o †h Zvgªkvmb cvIqv †M‡Q Zv †_‡K cÖvPxb mgZU iv‡R¨i bvg cvIqv hvq| mgZ‡Ui Avqy¯‹vj wLªóxq ·qv`k kZvãx ch©š— wQ‡jv e‡j Abygvb| mgZ‡Ui cÖL¨vZ GK ivRvi bvg gvwbKP›`ª| ZviB cZœxi bvg gqbvgwZ| gvwbKP‡›`ªi iv‡R¨i mxgv †e‡o wngvj‡qi cv`‡`k ch©š— we¯—vi jvf K‡iwQ‡jv| cyiv iscyi ZLb gvwbKP‡›`ª kvmb Ki‡Zv| †m Av‡jvPbivq Avgiv c‡i AvmwQ|

e½‡`k ej‡Z eySv‡Zv XvKv I gqgbwmsn AÂj‡K| e½ bv‡g †h GKwU †`k wQ‡jv Zvi D‡j­L cvIqv hvq wLªóc~e© lô kZvãx‡Z ÔHZ‡iq  AviY¨KÕ-G| †mLv‡b gMa iv‡R¨i c~e©w`‡K cÖwZ‡ekx †`k wn‡m‡e D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q| †eŠavq‡bi ag©m~Î G Kwj‡½i cÖwZ‡ekx e‡j e‡½i D‡j­L Av‡Q| Kvwj`v‡mi iNyesk MÖ‡š’i †fZiI e½ bvgwU cvIqv hvq|

mgªvU AvKe‡ii myü` BwZnvmwe` Aveyj dRj iwPZ ÔAvBb-B-AvKeixÕ MÖš’ Abyhvqx e½ k‡ãi m‡½ Rwgi Avj †hvM K‡i ev½vj kãwUi m„wó n‡q‡Q|

G Qvov, e‡i›`ªf~wg e‡j †h GjvKv‡K †evSvq, Zv n‡jv g~jZ e„nËi ivRkvnx †Rjv| Gi †fZi cvebv, e¸ov, w`bvRcyi Ges iscy‡ii wKQy GjvKv c‡o| e‡i›`f~wg A_© jvjgvwUi †`k| e¸ovi gnv¯’vbMo cieZx©Kv‡j e‡i›`ªf~wgi Aš—©MZnq| nq iscy‡ii `w¶‡Yi wKQy GjvKvI| cvj Avg‡ji cÖL¨vZ ms¯‹…Z Kwe Ges ivgPwiZg Kve¨MÖ‡š’i †jLK mܨvKib›`xi Rb¥¯’vb cyÛyea©b iv‡R¨| wZwb ¯^xq gvZ…f~wgi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q wj‡L‡Qb, cyÛªea©b e‡i›`ªx gÛj P~ovg‰bt emyavwk‡iv Kzj¯—vbgtÕ A_©vr cyÛyea©b e‡i›`ªxi gyKzUgwY I c„w_exi †kªô¯’vb|

GQvovI w`bvRcy‡ii wekvj GjvKvUv wQ‡jv grm¨‡`k bv‡g cwiwPZ| Gi we¯Z…wZ wQ‡jv e¸ov ch©š—| grm¨‡`‡ki weL¨vZ ivRvi bvg weivU| gnvfviZ G ivRv weivU GKUv weivU RvqMv `Lj K‡i Av‡Qb| Kzi“‡¶‡Îi hy‡× wZwb cÂcvÛe‡`i c‡¶ A¯¿ aviY K‡iwQ‡jb Ges AÁvZev‡mi mgq cvÛeåvZv (hywawôi, fxg,ARy©b,beyj I mn‡`i) †`i Avkªq w`‡qwQ‡jb| Avi G‡`i wec‡¶ wQ‡jb grm¨‡`‡ki cÖwZ‡ekx ivR¨ cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcy‡ii b„cwZ ivRv fM`Ë| Avi GB wekvj †`‡ki †kl mxgvbv wQ‡jv ZrKvjxb mg‡qi Li‡mªvZv Ki‡Zvqv b`xi c~e© Zxi ch©š—| Gi Aax‡b wQ‡jv iscy‡ii cyiv f~wg| A_©vr ivRv fM`ËB iscy‡ii cÖ_g HwZnvwmK ivRv| (Raja Bhagadutta was the first historical king of Rangpur.) 

Kyi“‡¶‡Îi hy× I DËie‡½i `yB b„cwZ t Kzi“‡¶‡Îi hy× fviZe‡l©i cÖvPxb BwZnv‡mi GK D‡j­L‡hvM¨ NUbv| †hûZz iscy‡ii kvmK ivRv fM`Ë GB gnvmg‡i Ask MÖnY K‡i cÖvY nvivb, ZvB hy×wUi Ici Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv mgxPxb g‡b KiwQ| g~jZ GB hy‡×i Kvwnbx wb‡q iwPZ n‡q‡Q ÔgnvMÖš’ gnvfviZÕ| ZvB GB hyׇK gnvfvi‡Zi hy×I ejv nq| K‡e, †Kv_vq Ges †K‡bv GB iY`vgvgv †e‡RwQ‡jv Zv meB wjwce× Av‡Q ÔgnvfviZÕ-G| msw¶ß AvKv‡i ej‡Z †M‡j ejv hvq, hy×wU n‡qwQj AvbygvwbK cuvP nvRvi eQi Av‡M| hy‡×i gq`vbwUi bvg ÔKzi“‡¶ÎÕ| Avi gvVwUi Ae¯’vb w`j­xi Dˇi| w`wj­ ZLb bvg wQ‡jv B›`ªcÖ¯’| hy×Uv msNwUZ nIqvi g~j KviY nw¯—bvcyi iv‡R¨i gvwjKvbv  wb‡q  PvPv‡Zv fvB Ges †R¨Vv‡Zv fvB‡`i g‡a¨ weev` I ¯^v‡_©i Ø›`|

Gevi ewj NUbvwU| H hy‡M P›`ª eskxq GK ivRvi bvg wQ‡jv Kzi“| Kzi“i Aat¯—b eskai ivRv wewPÎex‡h¨©i wQ‡jv `yB cyÎ, †R¨ô `„Zivó Ges Kwbô cvÛ| a„Zivóª AÜ wQ‡jb| AÜ KL‡bv iv‡R¨i DËivwaKvix n‡Z cv‡ib bv| ZvB †QvU fvB cvÛy ivRv n‡jb| wKš‘ a„Zivóª †eu‡P _vK‡ZB cvÛy gviv †M‡jb| ZLb ivR wmsnvm‡b em‡eb †K?  a„Ziv‡óªi †R¨ôcyÎ `y‡h©vab, bv wK cvÛyi †R¨ôcyÎ hywawôi ?

GKk Rb cy‡Îi wcZv wQ‡jb a„Zivóª| G‡`i g‡a¨ eo `y‡h©vab Avi cvÛyi wQj cuvP cyÎ hywawôi, fxg, ARy©b, bKzj I mn‡`e| GB cvuPfvB BwZnv‡mi c„ôvq cÂcvÛe bv‡g myweL¨vZ| wcZv cvÛyi bvgvbyhvqx G‡`i c`ex nq cvÛe, Avi a„Ziv‡óªi cyÎMY Kzi“i iv‡R¨i DËivwaKv‡ii my‡Î cwiwPwZ jvf K‡ib †KŠie e‡j|

wbqg Abyhvqx cvÛyi ci a„Ziv‡óªi eo †Q‡j `y‡h©va‡bi wmsnvm‡b emvi K_v| wKš‘ †h‡nZz cvÛy ivRv n‡q gviv †M‡Qb, †m Rb¨ Zvi †R¨ô‡`i cywawôi ivR¨ `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡ib; GUv †f‡e a~Z© `y‡h©vab PvPv‡Zv fvB‡`i webvk Kivi lohš¿ Ki‡jb| wKš‘ lohš¿ duvm n‡q †M‡jv| G‡Z fq †c‡q cvÛeiv cuvPfvB ivR¨ †Q‡o Ab¨‡Î cvwj‡q †M‡jb Ges iv‡R¨i gvwjKvbv `vwe Ki‡jb| A‡bK NUbvi ci Zviv iv‡R¨i gvwjKvbv `vwe Ki‡jb| A‡bK NUbvi ci Zviv iv‡R¨i Aa© Ask †c‡jb| wKš‘ iv‡R¨ fvM nIqvi ci Ab¨iKg GKwU NUbv NU‡jv| ZrKvjxb mg‡q ivRvq ivRvq cvkv ‡Ljv n‡Zv| GKvevi `y‡h©vab Avi hywawô‡ii g‡a¨ GB †Ljv n‡jv| G‡Z PvjvwK K‡i `y‡h©vab wR‡Z †M‡jv| wKš‘ †Ljvi kZv©byhvqx hywawô‡ii iv‡R¨i gvwjKvbv jvf Ki‡jv `y‡h©vab| ïay ZvB bq, Aci kZv©byhvwq cvÛe‡`i cuvPfvB‡K ivR¨ †Q‡o ev‡iv eQ‡ii Rb¨ ebev‡m †h‡Z n‡jv| GB mg‡qi g‡a¨ GKeQi _vK‡Z n‡e AÁvZ ev‡m|

cvÛeiv G kZ© †g‡b wb‡q ev‡iv eQ‡i Rb¨ wbi“‡Ïk n‡q †M‡jv Ges GK eQi AÁvZev‡mI _vK‡jv| ev‡iv eQi ci Zviv Zv‡`i ivR¨ †diZ PvBj| wKš‘ hy× Qvov GK wZj cwigvY RvqMv Qvo‡Z ivwR n‡jv bv `y‡h©vab| d‡j, ïi“ n‡q †M‡jv hy‡×i cÖ¯—wZ| G‡Z cvÛe‡`i c‡¶ hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡ib grm¨‡`‡ki ivRv weivU, Avi `y‡h©va‡bi c‡¶ hy× K‡ib cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcy‡ii b„cwZ, ivRv fM`Ë| `yfvM¨ekZ hy‡×i gq`v‡b `yB ivRvB gviv hvb| ivRv fM`Ë gviv hvb ARy©‡bi nv‡Z| kªxK…ò ¯^qs GB hy‡× cvÛe‡`i c‡¶ A¯¿aviY K‡iwQ‡jb| KviY kªxK…‡òi fMœx myf`ªv wQ‡jb ARy©‡bi cZœx|

18 w`b a‡i P‡j GB hy×| G‡Z `y‡h©vab civwRZ I wbnZ nb| Rqgvj¨ cwiavb K‡ib cÂcvÛeiv| A_©vr m‡Z¨i Kv‡Q kVZvi civRq N‡U| b¨v‡qi Kv‡Q Ab¨vq civf~Z nq| GB hy‡× `y‡h©va‡bi c‡¶ wQ‡jv GMv‡iv A‡¶ŠwnYx, Avi cvÛe‡`i c‡¶ wQj mvZ A‡¶ŠwnYx ‰mb¨| GK A‡¶ŠwnYx‡Z _vK‡Zv 1,09,350Rb c`vwZK ˆmb¨, 65110wU Ak¦, 21,870wU nvwZ, Ges 21,870wU i_| ivRv fM`Ë wekvj GK MRv‡ivnx evwnbx wb‡q Kzi“‡¶‡Îi hy‡× wM‡qwQ‡jb|hy× ‡k‡l †`L †Mj, j¶ j¶ g„Z‡`n, Avi i‡³i eb¨vq Kzi“‡¶‡Îi gvwV wm³|hy‡×i mgvw߇Z Av‡iv †`Lv †M‡jv, Dfqc‡¶i †gvU RxweZ gvby‡li msL¨v 12 Rb| `y‡h©va‡bi c‡¶ 4 Rb K…cvPvh©, K…Ze¤§©v I mÄq| Avi cvÛe‡`i c‡¶i 8 Rb n‡jb cvÛeiv cuvPfvB; mvZ¨wK, hyhyrmy Ges kxªK…ò|

cÖv‰MwZnvwmK hy‡Mi †mB `yB weL¨vZ bicwZ ivRv fM`Ë Ges ivRv weivU G‡K Ac‡ii kµ wQ‡jb e‡j weiv‡Ui myü` cvÛe åvZviv Ki‡Zvqv †cwi‡q cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcy‡ii mxgvbvq cÖ‡ek Ki‡jB ivRv fM`‡Ëi ˆmb¨iv Zv‡`i‡K Zvwo‡q w`‡Zv|

ZvB iscyi AÂj‡K cvÛe-ewR©Z †`k ejv n‡q _v‡K| fM`Ë wQ‡jb RvwZ‡Z ¶wÎq| Zvi wcZvi bvg biK| kªxK…ò biK‡K nZ¨v Ki‡j fM`Ë ivRv nb| GB es‡ki mš—vbiv wLªóxq PZz©`k kZvãxi ga¨fvM chš—© cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcyi kvmb K‡ib| Gi ivRavbx wQ‡jv Avmv‡gi †MŠnvwU| GB es‡ki GK iYwbcyY †hv×v b„cwZi bvg eRª`Ë| Kzi“‡¶‡Îi hy‡×i ci hywawô‡ii h‡Ái Ak¦ eû ivR¨ cwiågY K‡i cÖvM‡R¨wZlcy‡i G‡j Ak¦i¶K AR~©‡bi m‡½ eRª`‡Ëi Zzgyj hy× nq| hy‡× eRª`Ë civwRZ Ges Ak¦‡gah‡Ái Avgš¿Y MÖnY K‡ib (Z_¨t a¤§©bvivqY miKvi fw³ kv¯¿xq cÖä; i½cyimvwnZ¨ cwilr cwÎKv-1987wLª.)

eRª`Ë Ges AR~©‡bi g‡a¨Kvi hy×wU m¤¢eZ AvR‡Ki iscy‡ii gvwU‡Z n‡qwQj| †h‡nZz i½ k‡ãi GKwU AvwfavwbK A_© iYf~wg, ZvB GUv Abygvb Kiv msMZ, iYf~wgB i½cyi bv‡gi Avw` Drm| AvR i½cyi GKwU †Rjvi bvg| iscy‡ii Avw` kni gvwnM‡Äi Kv‡Q eo i½cyi (eoiYf~wg) Ges †LvÏ©i½cyi (†QU iYf~wg) bv‡gi ¯’vb `ywUI Zvi cÖgvY|

AZtci PZz_© kZvãxi g‡a¨fv‡M ivRv c~¯úe¤§©vi Avwef©ve n‡jv cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcy‡i| ZLb †`‡ki bvgwU Avi cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcyi †bB, n‡q †M‡Q Kvgi“c| Kvgi“c Avi KvgvL¨v cÖvPxb Kv‡j hv`y, †R¨vwZl Ges †R¨vwZ©we`¨vi Rb¨ cÖwm× wQ‡jv e‡j †`kwUi bvg cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcyi nq| KvgvL¨v †`exi bv‡gi ¯§„wZB KvgvL¨v | Avmv‡g bxjvPj cvnv‡oi P~ovq KvgvL¨v †`exi gw›`i Av‡Rv we`¨gvb| Avi Kvgi“c AvR Avmv‡gi GKwU †Rjvi bvg| cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcyi bv‡gI GKwU kni Av‡Q Avmv‡g | Ai‡Y¨i nvZQvwb‡Z mvov w`‡q MÛvi †`Lvi Rb¨ †MŠnvwU †_‡K 217 wK.wg. `y‡i KvwRiv½v Afqvi‡Y¨i c‡_ A‡bK ch©UK ivwÎhvcb K‡ib †mB cÖvPxb kni cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcy‡i| 

Gevi Avgiv ivRv weiv‡Ui Dci wKQy Av‡jvPbv K‡i Avevi Kvgi“‡c wd‡i Avm‡e| ivRv weiv‡Ui grm¨‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb w`bvRcyi †Rjv GjvKvq, G K_v Avgiv c~‡e© D‡j­L K‡iwQ| wKš‘ BwZnv‡mi fv½vMov Ges Ki‡Zvqv b`xi MwZc_ cwieZ©‡bi d‡j, AvR ivRv weiv‡Ui eû ¯§„wZ, eû KxwZ© e„nËi iscyi †Rjvi gvwU‡Z we`¨gvb| ïay ZvB bq, weivU ivRvi iv‡R¨i ivRavbxwU AvR MvBevÜvi †Mvwe›`MÄ Dc‡Rjvi Aš—M©Z| Ki‡Zvqvi cwðg Zx‡i| GLv‡b ivRv weivU weivU nvU Ges weivU ivRevox bv‡gi wZbwU ¯’vb Av‡Rv we`¨gvb| ivRv weivU bvgK ¯’v‡b AvengvbKvj †_‡K cÖwZeQi ˆekvL gv‡m wn›`y Zx_© †gjv e‡m| GB †gjvi mwbœK‡U avb‡¶‡Z R‰bK K…lK 9© © Bw `xN© GKwU gnvg~j¨evb Kwócv_i cvb| cv_iwUi Mv‡q ms¯‹…Z fvlvq †jLv i‡q‡Q bgt bgt ivRv weivU| cÖZœZ‡Ë¡ AbyivMx GB GjvKvi wewkó BwZnvm M‡elK LvRv Gg,G KvBqyg Kwó cv_iwU e¸ovq gvnv¯’vbMo wgDwRqv‡g Rgv †`b| GB GjvKvq nvRvi nvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv PviwU e„¶ Av‡Rv gv_v DuPz K‡i `vwo‡q Av‡Q| ¯’vbxq †jvKRb MvQ¸‡jv‡K ¶xwiMvQ e‡j| MvBevÜvi BwZnvm I HwZn¨ MÖ‡š’ HwZnvwmK wb`k©b I wKse`š—x bvgK cÖe‡Ü AwgZvf `vk wngyb wj‡L‡Qb, wn›`yag© g‡Z, me¨mvPx ARy©‡bi Zx‡ii cwZZ ¯’v‡b GB e„‡¶i Rb¥| cÖwZeQi GKevi dj a‡i GB e„‡¶,ˆekvL gv‡m| ¶z`ªvK…wZ GB d‡ji evB‡ii iO meyR Ges †fZi jvj| Avi cvZv ¸‡jv †`L‡Z eKzj Mv‡Qi cvZvi g‡Zv Kzwóqvq GK gw›`i PZ¡‡i GB e„‡¶i bvg ARy©b e„¶|

ivRv weivU wQ‡jb †aby-‡cÖwgK Ges grm¨-f³ Zvi iv‡R¨ j¶ j¶ †aby Aev‡a P‡i †eov‡Zv| Avi grm¨ cvj‡bi Rb¨ wZwb Lbb K‡iwQ‡jb eû eo eo `xwN| GL‡bv †mB mg¯— `xwNi Aw¯’Z¡ Av‡Q| `xwN¸‡jv GKk weNv Rwg wb‡q ˆZwi| bxjdvgvix‡Z cvÛe‡`i cuvP fvB‡qi ¯§„wZi D‡Ïk¨ Lbb Kiv wekvj wekvj cuvPwU cvkvcvwk Aew¯’Z cyKz‡ii bvg cÂcyKzi| Gi Acåsk i“c cuPvcyKzi| ivRv weivU gvQ fvjevm‡Zb e‡j Zv‡K ejv n‡Zv grm¨ivR| Avi Mvfx cÖm‡½ Kw_Z Av‡Q, ivRv weiv‡Ui bqj¶ †aby (Mvfx) w`bvRcy‡ii Kvš—bMi †_‡K e¸ovi †MvnvBj ch©š— P‡o †eov‡Zv| (Z_¨t e¸ov BwZKvwnbx-‡K,Gg wg‡Qi .c„.36)|

ivRv weiv‡Ui Aci GKwU Agi KxwZ© wbR ¯’xi bv‡g Lbb Kiv wekvj `xwN- hvi bvg webœx`xwN| bxjdvgvixi kni †_‡K 8gvBj `y‡i †MvoMÖvg bvgK ¯’v‡b-Aew¯’Z GB `xwNwUi bvg e`j Kiv nq bxjmvMi| wekvj Rjvkq| ˆ`N©¨-cÖ¯’ GKgvB‡ji Kg bq| Gi c~e© cv‡o GKwU gw›`i, Avi cwðg cv‡o GKwU cx‡ii gvRvi Av‡Q| ˆekvLx c~wY©gvq ivi“Yx স্নান Dcj‡¶¨ GLv‡b cÖwZeQi wn›`y †gjv e‡m| GB `xwNi R‡j Av‡M GKwU A‡jŠwKK NUbv NU‡Zv| Mvfxi †`vnb Kiv cÖ_g `y» bv †L‡q wKsev bv wewµ K‡i GB GjvKvi †jvK `xwNi R‡j Zc©b Ki‡Zv| m‡½ m‡½ H `ya PµvKv‡i Ni‡Z Nyi‡Z `xwNi gvSLv‡b P‡j †h‡Zv| MÖv‡gi mvaviY gvby‡li wek¦vm wQ‡jv , Mvfxi †`vnb Kiv cÖ_g `ya Zc©Y Ki‡j †KD Mvfx‡K hv`y †Uvbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|

1957 wLªóv‡ã ZrKvjxb c~e©cvwK¯’v‡bi grm¨ wefvM gvQ aivi D‡Ï‡k¨ GB wekvj `xwN‡Z eo eo mvgyw`ªK Rvj †dj‡j AK¯§vr gvSLv‡b Rvj AvU‡K hvq| ZLb Wyeyix bvwg‡q Rvj Lyj‡Z †M‡j †`Lv †M‡jv, cvwbi †fZi GKUv cvKv gw›`i| Gici †_‡K A‡jŠwKK NUbvwU Avi N‡U bv| ZvB †jv‡Kiv Avi `y» Zc©Y K‡i bv| (Z_¨m~Ît bxjdvgvixi BwZnvm, cÖ_g LÛ,c„.54, G‡KGg bvwmi DÏxb)|

Gevi Kvgi“‡c wd‡i Avmv hvK| cy¯úe¤§©vi Aat¯—b eskaiMY my`xN© 13 cyi“l a‡ii Kvgi“‡c ivRZ¡ K‡ib| w`wj­i †gvNj mgªvUivI fviZe‡l© ivRZ¡ K‡ib 13 cyi“l| evei †_‡K evnv`yi kvn Rvdi ch©š—| cy¯úe¤§©vi es‡ki me©‡kªô ivRv fv¯‹ie¤§©v| H hy‡M e½ fvi‡Zi Aci `yB weL¨vZ kvm‡Ki bvg †MŠovwacwZ kkv¼ (606-637wLª.) Ges K‡YŠ‡Ri (DËi cÖ‡`‡ki) AwacwZ nl©ea©b| kkv¼B †MŠo‡`‡‡ki cÖwZôvZv Ges cÖ_g evOvwj mgªvU wn‡m‡e L¨vwZgvb| Zvi ivRavbx gywk©`vev‡`i KY©myeY©| H mgq ˆPwbK †eŠ× wf¶z cwieªvRK wnD‡qb mvO Gi evsjvq AvMgb Ges 14eQi Ae¯’vb| wnD‡qb mvO iscy‡ii fywg‡Z c`vc©b K‡ib 643 wLªóv‡ã| Av‡mb Kvgi“‡c| nl©ea©b wQ‡jb †eŠ×| Avi kkv¼ cÖej †eŠ×-we‡Ølx ˆke-wn›`y| nl©ea©b wQ‡jb †eŠ×| Avi kkv¼ cÖej †eŠ×-we‡Ølx ˆke wn›`y| nl©ea©b fv¯‹i eª¤§vi mvnvh¨ wb‡q kkv‡¼i wei“‡× hy× K‡ib| Z‡e kkv‡¼i Kzô‡iv‡M g„Z¨yi ci fv¯‹ie¤§©v †MŠo `Lj K‡ib| kkv‡¼i g„Zz¨i ci †MŠo‡`k wQbœ wfbœ n‡q hvq| †`Lv †`q AivRKZv, nZ¨v, wek„•Ljv Ges ‌Ôgvrm¨bvqÕ| Gici 750 wLª÷v‡ã e‡i›`ª mš—vb †Mvcvj‡K RbMb ivRv wbe©vwPZ Ki‡jv| ïi“ n‡jv cvj Avgj| †eŠ×‡`i kvmb| P‡j 1152wLªóvã ch©š— `xN© 4 kZ eQi|

‡m Avi GK BwZnvm| Z‡e G K_v wVK, †eŠ× ag©vej¤^x cvj ivRv‡`i cÖfve cÖwZcwË KgB wQ‡jv Kvgi“‡c| A_©vr iscy‡i| KviY Zv‡`i ivRvmbwU wQ‡jv cÖ_‡g †MŠ‡o,c‡i gM‡a| gMa Aew¯’Z wenv‡i| ZvB Zviv gMaivR bv‡gB BwZnv‡m myweL¨vZ| Giv e½ fvi‡Z cÖfyË K‡ib 19 cyi“l a‡i| e‡i›`ªf~wg A_©vr iscy‡i G‡`i `yÕGKRb ivRv ivRZ¡ K‡ib| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg wØZxq gnxcvj I ivgcvj

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`wi`ª wcZvi wbt¯^ mš—vb Kxfv‡e GKwU iv‡R¨i ivRv n‡jb, †m e¨vcv‡i GKwU Mí Av‡Q| Gevi †mUvv ejv n‡e| 6 eQi eq‡m wcZv‡K nvwi‡q Kv‡š—k¦i GK eªv¤§Y cwÛ‡Zi evox‡Z ivLv‡ji KvR †bb| wKš‘ Kv‡š—k¦i Lye PvjvK I eyw×gvb wQ‡jb | mvivw`b Mi“ Piv‡Zb, Avi Kx †h‡bv fve‡Zb| iv‡Z ï‡q ï‡q abx nIqvi K_v fve‡Zb| †mB ciix¶vq DËxY© n‡j †`exi e‡i Ges gwY‡ei mn‡hvwMZvq wZwb iv‡R¨i gvwjK n‡jb| Avi gwbe‡K evbv‡jb Zvui gš¿x|

KvgZvwenvi ivR¨ 4wU c‡`‡k wef³ wQ‡jv| GK, KvgcxV, `yB f`ªcxV; wZb, †mŠgvicxV Ges Pvi iZœcxV (Z_¨myÎ- History of Assam’By Sir Edward.GaitPage-10-11)| iZœcxVB AvR‡Ki iscyi| a‡bi-m¤ú‡` , K…wlc‡Y¨, kvwš—-k„•Ljvq H hy‡M iscyi AÂj Lye DbœZ wQ‡jv e‡j Gi bvg †`qv n‡qwQ‡jv iZ¡cxV| iZœcx‡Vi mxgv wQ‡jv `w¶‡Y Ki‡Zvqv b`x Ges c~‡e© gvbvm b`x| gvbvm †_‡K wkjNvU ch©š— KvgcxV, eª¤§cyÎ b‡`i `w¶Y Zxi‡K ejv n‡Zv f`ªcxV| Avi fvivjx †_‡K wWKis ch©š— we¯—xY©  GjvKv‡K ejv n‡Zv †mŠgvicxV| D³ 4wU cÖ‡`‡ki AwaKvsk gvbylB ZLb ivReskx wn›`y| ZvB Zvu‡`i gy‡Li fvlv‡K ejv nq ivReskx fvlv ev KvgZvwenvix fvlv| Aaybv ejv n‡”Q ev‡n fvlv| Aaybv ejv n‡”Q ev‡n fvlv ev‡n A_© ÔÔfvB †n; ev evcy †n:Õ KvgZvwenvi ivR¨ Ges ivRv Kv‡š—k¦i‡K wb‡q cieZx©Kv‡j Ô†Mvmvbxg½jÕ Kve¨MÖ¯’ iPbv K‡ib iscy‡ii Kwe ivavK…ò ˆeòe|

H hy‡M †MŠo‡`‡k †mb ivRes‡ki m~ÎcvZ n‡jv | Gi bvqK mvgš— †mb| Z‡e mvgš— †m‡bi c~e©cyi“liv ivp‡`‡k ¯’vqx n‡q evOvwj c`ex †mb aviY K‡i evOvwj n‡q hvb| mvgš— †mb cvj ivRv‡`i Aax‡b D”P c‡` PvKwi Ki‡Zb| iv‡R¨ wek„•Ljv, kvm‡b A`¶Zv Ges `ye©jZvi my‡hvMUv nvZQvov K‡ibwb mvgš— †mb| my‡hvM ey‡S iv‡R¨i ¶gZv `Lj K‡ib| H mgq ïay ivR¨B †K‡o †bbwb wZwb, eis †eŠ×‡`i Ici wbh©vZb ïi“ K‡ib| wn›`yivR Kv‡q‡gi D‡Ï‡k¨ cvBKvwinv‡i †eŠ× wbab Avi¤¢ Ki‡jb| wbg©g †mB nZ¨vhÁ| ZLb AmsL¨ †eŠ× Rxeb wb‡q cvwj‡q wM‡q Avkªq †bq ‡bcvj,fyUvb, wmwKg, wZeŸZ Ges Px‡b|

mvgš— †m‡bi ci Zvui cyÎ †ngš— †mb ivRv n‡jb| Zvici n‡jb weRq †mb| weRq †m‡bi ci ej­vj †mb| Zvici j¶Y †mb| j¶Y †mb BwZnv‡m GK Awe¯§iYxq e¨w³| KviY ZviB Avg‡j Avi GK ewnivMZ exi Dév‡e‡M w`wj­ †_‡K e‡½ G‡m ‡MŠo `Lb K‡ib| †mB w`wM¦Rwq ex‡ii bvg BLwZqvi DÏxb gynv¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRx| wZwb wQ‡jb RvwZ‡Z ZzKx©¯’vbx ZzKx©| Avi †ckvq ˆmwbK w`wj­i cª_g gymwjg ev`kvn KzZzeDÏxb AvB‡e‡Ki myü` wQ‡jb wZwb| gvÎ 17 Rb Ak¦v‡ivnx ‰mb¨ wb‡q we`y¨r MwZ‡Z wZwb j¶Y †m‡bi ivRevwo‡Z m`je‡j cÖ‡ek K‡ib ivRavbx beØx‡c (b`xqvq)| 80 eQ‡ii e„× ivRv j¶Y cvwj‡q AvZ¥i¶v K‡ib Ges †bŠKv‡hv‡M wM‡q †cŠu‡Qb wØZxq ivRavbx weµgcy‡i| mgqUv 1199 wLªóvã| ZLbB evsjvi ey‡K gymwjg Avwac‡Z¨i ïi“ n‡jv| cieZx©Kv‡j j¶Y †m‡bi eskxq gvae †mb, wek¦i“c †mb Ges †Kke †mb cÖgyL Aa© kZvãx a‡i c~e©e‡½ ivRZ¡ K‡ib| gymwjg kvmK‡`i cÖfve cwðge‡½i g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡K|

BLwZqvi DÏxb gyn¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRxi K_v dvwm© ZvwiL-B-dvwi¯—v MÖ‡š’ †j‡Lb BwZnvmwe` gyn¤§` Aveyj Kvwkg Ii‡d dvwi¯—v| wZwb mg&ªvU Rvnv½x‡ii (ivRZ¡Kvj 1605wLª.-1627wLª.) mgq mgªvU AvKei ch©š— w`wj­i c~‡e©i mgªvUM‡Yi avivevwnK BwZnvm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb ZvwiL-B-dvwi¯—vq| H MÖ‡š’i GK¯’v‡b wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, evsjvi mxgv‡š— bIw`qv kn‡ii e`‡j iscyi bv‡g GKwU bZzb kni wZwb (wLjRx) evbv‡jb| GUv wQ‡jv `vi“jgyjK (ivRavbx)| gmwR` gv`ªvmv, LvbKvmg~n Awek¦vwm‡`i (Kvwdi‡`i) Dcmbvj‡qi ¯’v‡b wbwg©Z n‡jv| Ges wZwb Bmjvgx ixwZ‡Z mymw¾Z Kivi c`‡¶c wb‡jb| GB e³e¨wU KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri evsjvi Aa¨vcK †gvdvLLvi“j Bmjvg cÖ_g Avwe¯‹vi Ki‡jb| H mgq KvigvB‡K‡j evsjvi Aci Aa¨vcK gyn¤§` Avey Zvwje (Aa¨vcbv Kvj 2954-1964) †mB myÎ a‡i wj‡L †dj‡jb iscyi kn‡ii GKwU msw¶ß BwZnvm| †mUv Zuvi QvÎ ÔThe morning News’ Gi m¤úv`K AvjnvR¡ kvgm& Dj û`v ÔThe First Capital of Muslim Rule in Bengal’ bv‡g gwb©s wbD‡R Qvwc‡q w`‡jb 1975 wLªóv‡ã| ZLb †_‡K B BLwZqvi DÏxb gyn¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRxi `vi“b gyjK ev ivRavbx n‡q †M‡jv wZ¯—v `ywnZv iscyi| Gici †_‡K iscy‡ii bexb Ges cÖexY AwaKvsk †jLe GB e³e¨wU A‡Üi g‡Zv Kwc K‡i hv‡”Qb| †KD †jR Zz‡j †`‡Lbwb MvB bv ej`| ïay iscy‡ii e‡iY¨ BwZnvm M‡elK nvq`vi Avwj ‡PŠayix Gi wec‡¶ Ae¯’vb †bb| welqwU wb‡q Mfxifv‡e wPš—v Kivi AeKvk Av‡Q| Av‡Q M‡elYviI| wLjRx wZeŸZ Awfhv‡bi mgq iscy‡i cÖ_g c`©vcb K‡ib| m‡½ wQj 12nvRvi ˆmb¨| wKš‘ ‡mB Awfhvb e¨_© n‡j wZwb cvwj‡q nvd †Q‡o ev‡Pb| civR‡qi M­vwb, nvRvi nvRvi ˆm‡b¨i g„Zz¨, Abvnv‡i ˆmwbK ¶q BZ¨vw`‡Z Zvi g‡bvej ‡f‡½ hvq| Amy¯’¨ n‡q c‡ob| Amy¯’ Ae¯’vq †`e‡Kv‡U Zv‡K A¯¿wenxb Ae¯’vq Lyb Ki‡jv ZviB GK †mbvcwZ Avwj g`©vb|

‡`e‡KvU iscyi kni †_‡K †ewk `y‡i bq| cwðg w`bvRcy‡i evjyiNv‡Ui Kv‡Q| Gi AwZ cÖvPxb bvg †KvwUel©| Avi eZ©gvb bvg M½vivgcyi| wLjRx cwðge½ ch©š— AvwacZ¨ K‡ib, GUv mwVK| wZeŸZ Awfhvb Ki‡jb 1203 (b`xqv) I †`e‡KvU Gi ci ZrKvjxb mg‡qi wekvj I Li‡mªvZv Ki‡Zvqv G cv‡i ivRavbx ¯’vcb Kiv G‡Kev‡iB Am¤¢e| Awek¦vm¨I e‡U| Avi wØZxq K_v, ZeKvZ-B-bvwmix wgbnvR B wmivR wjL‡jb 1260 wLªóv‡ã| A_©¨vr g„Zz¨i 54 eQi ci| †mB MÖ‡š’ iscy‡i ivRavbxi ‡Kv‡bv K_v †bB| Avi ZvwiL-B-dvwi¯—v wjL‡jb wLjRxi g„Zz¨i 400eQi ci| dvwi¯—v iscyi kãUv †c‡jb †Kv_vq? GUvI GKUv cÖkœ n‡Z cv‡i| welqUv wb‡q Avgiv Av‡iv wKQy Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z PvB| BLwZqvi DÏxb gyn¤§` web efwZqvi wLjRx hLb weZvwioZ Ki‡jb| 10/12 nvRvi ˆm‡b¨i cÖvq mevB Rxeb nviv‡jb,Ggb Ae¯’vq BLwZqvi DÏxb Kx K‡i Kvgi“‡ci fywg iscy‡i ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡ib? evsjvi BwZnvm, weªwUk Avg‡j eû eo eo BwZnvmwe` wj‡L‡Qb| wKš‘ †KD B KL‡bv e‡jbwb †h, iscy‡i BLwZqvi DÏx‡bi ivRavbx wQ‡jv| †h mg¯— BwZnvmwe` mwVK cÖgvY, cÖvPxb gy`ªv, Zvgªkvmb, wkjvwjwc Qvov Kjg Pvjvb bv, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg ivLvj`vk e‡›`vcva¨vq| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, eLwZqvi wLjRx j¶èYveZx bMi e‡i›`ªf~wgi wKq`sk gvÎ Zvnvi c`vbZ nBqvwQj| GB mgq M½vZxi nB‡Z †`e‡KvU ch©š— cÂvk †µvk (100gvBj) cwiwgZ f~wg Zvui AwaKvif~³ nBqvwQj|

GLb dvwi¯—vi K_vi myÎ a‡i Avgiv hw` Avevi Av‡iv GKUz wPš—v Kwi, Zvn‡j g‡b cÖkœ Av‡m, weagx©‡`i (wn›`y I †eŠ×‡`i) gw›`i-‡eŠäwenvi BZ¨vw` aŸsm K‡i wZwb †h Zvi Ici gmwR` gv`ªvmv evbv‡jb, Zvi †Kv‡bv wPü wK A`¨vewa iscy‡ii gvwU‡Z †Kv_vq cvIqv †M‡Q? Avgiv ej‡e, cvIqv hvq wb| Zvn‡j, wK‡mi wfwˇZ ej‡ev †h, †eMg †iv‡Kqvi iscyiB BLwZhvi DÏx‡bi GKUv ivRavbx wQ‡jv| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv we`» cvVK gvwnM‡Äi ÔeLwZqvix gmwR`wUiÕ cÖkœ Zzj‡Z cv‡ib| Avgiv ej‡ev ïay GKwU mgwR` ivRavbx cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ ag©fxyi“ gmjgvbiv Zvi ¯§„wZi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU gmwR‡`i bvgKiY Ki‡ZB cv‡ib|

GLb GLv‡b g‡b Av‡iv GKUv cÖkœ Av‡m; mviv evsjv wenv‡i iscyi bv‡gi ¯’vb KqwU? GKwU, `yBwU, wZbwU, bvwK Av‡iv AwaK| KviY GKB bv‡gi GKvwaK ¯’vb evsjvi ey‡K AmsL¨| Gevi Gi K‡qKwU D`vniY w`‡Z PvB| evsjvi K_v ev`B w`jvg, iscyi GKwU mvgvb¨ †Rjv, †mLv‡b GKB bv‡gi  GKvwaK ¯’v‡bi wnmve †bB| †hgb, e„nËi iscy‡i `y‡Uv nvwZevÜv, †mvbvivq wZbUv, e¸jvMvwo `y‡Uv, RM`xkcyi wZbwU, ˆmq`cyi wZbUv, gaycyi wZbUv, weòzcyi `y‡Uv, cvUMÖvg `y‡Uv Ges `yM©vcyi bv‡gi MÖvg Av‡Q 7wU| Ab¨¸‡jv ev` w`‡q ïay `yM©vcyi¸‡jvi K_vB ewj| 

`yM©vcyi-1: wgVvcyKzi Dc‡Rjvaxb RvqMxinv‡Ui cv‡k| bvg evZvmb `yM©vcyi|

`yMv©cyi-2: Aew¯’Z MvBevÜvi cjvkevox Dc‡Rjvq| 1904 wLª÷v‡ã GB MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib BsivRx fvlv eR©bKvix wec­ex †`k‡cÖwgK †bZv †Lv`veKª miKvi Z_¨: MvBevÜvi BwZnvm I Z_¨|

`yM©vcyi-3: KzwoMÖv‡gi Dwjcy‡i Aew¯’Z| iscy‡ii Awe¯§iYxq bvix Rq`yM©v †`ex †PŠayivYx weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq GB GjvKvq NvwU K‡iwQ‡jb|

`yM©vcyi-4: jvjgwYinvU †Rjvaxb cvUMÖvg Dc‡Rjvi Aš—M©Z GKwU Rbc`|

`yM©vcyi-5: jvjgwYinvU †Rjvaxb cvUMÖvg Dc‡Rjvi Aš—M©Z| 1783 wLªóv‡ã K…lK cÖRv we‡`ªvn Gi mgq beve byi“Ïxb gyn¤§` ev‡Ki R‡½i m‡½ Bs‡iR ˆmb¨‡`i Zzgyj hy× nq GLv‡b|

`yM©vcyi-6 : iscyi m`i Dc‡Rjvaxb m`¨tcy¯‹wiYx BDwbq‡b Aew¯’Z| cj­xKwe Rmxg DÏxb (1903-1976) K„lvY Mvb msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ GB MÖv‡g G‡mwQ‡jb DwbkÕk lv‡Ui `k‡K| GB `yM©vcy‡i ivwÎhvcbI K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb| (Z_¨: wbe× iscy‡ii †jvKmvwnZ¨, Gm,Gg Lwjj evey| iscyi eB‡gjv ¯§iwYKv-95)|

`yM©vcyi-7t MvBevÜvi mvNvUv Dc‡Rjvi Aš—M©Z|

iscy‡ii g‡Zv GKwU ¶z`ª A‡j GKBbv‡gi GKvwaK ¯’v‡bi hw` GB Ae¯’v nq, Zvn‡j evsjv-wenv‡ii g‡Zv wekvj GjvKvq GKvwaK iscyi _vKv Kx Am¤¢e ? ZvQvov, BwZnvm cv‡V Rvbv hvq, BLwZqvi DÏxb gyn¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRx evsjvi c`vc©Y Kivi Av‡M wenvi weRq K‡iwQ‡jb| ZLb wenvi bv‡gi Rb¥ nqwb| wgw_jv, gMa bvbv bv‡g wenv‡ii wewfbœ GjvKv cwiwPZ wQ‡jv| †mLv‡b †eŠ×‡`i GKwU bvgKiv Dcvmbvj‡qi bvg wQ‡jv ÔI`š—cyixwenviÕ | GB Dcvmbvj‡q Ae¯’vbKvix †eŠ×‡`iwZwb weagx© AvL¨vwqZ K‡iI nZ¨v K‡ib mevB‡K| c‡i Bmjvgx wk¶vi †K›`ªwe›`y nq GB wenvi | cieZx©Kv‡j gymwjgiv D`¯—cyix wenv‡ii ¯’vbwUi bvg †`q wenvi kixd| wenvi kix‡d wPiwb`ªvq kvwqZ Av‡Qb gymwjg Ava¨vwZ¥K mvaK cxi nhiZ kvn gL`yg (in.)| AZGe msMZ Kvi‡Y Ges BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi dvwi¯—vi evsjvi mxgv‡š—i iscyi, DËie‡½i iscyi bq, †m iscyi Ab¨ GK iscyi| hv M‡elY K‡i Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡eb GKgvÎ cwÛZ e¨vw³MY| cÖm½µ‡g ej‡Z nq, evsjvi ey‡K biwms`x †Rjvi iscyi bv‡g Av‡iv GKwU Rbc` Av‡Q| Av‡iv GKUz Mfxifv‡e fve‡j, g‡b GKUv cÖkœ Rv‡M, dvwi¯—v b`xqv‡K Avei bIw`qv e‡jbwb †Zv? KviY G‡KK fvlx †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q k‡ãi D”PviY I wjLb G‡KK iKg nq| ‡hgb BLwZqvi DÏxb‡K W±i wKiYP›`ª †PŠayix Zvi iwPZ fvi‡Zi BwZnvm K_v MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb GLwZqvi DÏxb| Avevi BLwZqvi DÏx‡bi ˆcZ…K c`exUv‡KB wj‡Lb wLjRx, †KD wj‡Lb LjRx| Avi wn›`y BwZnvmwe`iv †Zv mgªvU AvIi½‡Re‡K †j‡Lb AvIi½Rxe| †mvnivIqv`x©‡K myive`x©| Avgvi wb‡Rii GKUv D`vniY w`‡Z PvB cÖm½µ‡g| Avgv‡K mevB gwR` e‡j WvK‡Qb I wjL‡Qb| A_P cÖwZwU wgkix Avgv‡K gwM` Wv‡K †mŠw`Avi‡e| †m iKg b`xqv‡K bIw`K ejv Am¤¢e wKQy bq| dvwi¯—v Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb, bIw`qv kn‡ii e`‡j iscyii bv‡g GKwU kni ax‡i ax‡i M‡o DV‡jv,ZLb Gi bvg wQ‡jv gvwnMÄ Ges KL‡bv dKxiKzÛx| iscyi bv‡g gvwnM‡Äi Av‡M †Kv‡bv kniB wQ‡jv bv| Kv‡RB BLwZqvi DÏx‡bi Mov ivRavYx †h Avgv‡`i iscyi bq Zv wbwðZ K‡i ejv hvq|

BLwZqvi DÏxb gyn¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRxi ¯§„wZ‡Z fv¯^i `ÕywU ¯’vb Av‡Q iscy‡i| eLwZqv‡ii Wv½v e`iMÄ †_‡K 7 gvBj `w¶‡Y hgy‡bk¦ixi cwðg Zx‡i Ges iscyi kni †_‡K gvBj wZ‡bK `~‡i iv‡R›`cyi BDwbq‡b eLwZqvicyi MÖvg| cÖ_gwU‡Z eLwZqvi wLjRx †mbvevwnbxi †Nvov‡K Nvm LvB‡qwQ‡jb wZeŸZ AwfhvbKv‡j, Avi eLwZqvicy‡i QvDwb †d‡jwQ‡jb wekªvg †bIqvi Rb¨|

nviv‡bv AZxZ

(ga¨hy‡Mi  ïi“ ‡_‡K  weªwUk  kvm‡bi  c~e©eZx©  hyM)

DËie½ ejv n‡”Q AvR iscyi‡K| wKš‘ iscyi Avm‡j wK e‡½i A½? KLbB bq| AZx‡Z iscyi Kvgi“c-Avmvg I ¯^vaxb †KvPwenvi iv‡R¨i A½ wQj| we‡kl K‡i iscy‡ii DËi AÂj| ÔKzÛxi Rwg`vi eskÕ MÖ‡š’ Zvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| †mLv‡b †jLv i‡q‡Q, Ô†MŠo- e‡½i myjZvb I †KvPwenvi iv‡R¨i mxgv GB MoÕ| †mB MowUi bvg Ôfx‡gi MoÕ| fx‡gi M‡oi Ae¯’vb e`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvaxb k¨vgcy‡ii Kv‡Q| †Mvcvjcyi BDwbq‡b| †mLv‡b KvUMox b`xi c~e© Zx‡i Gi ïi“| Zvici K‡qK gvBj `~‡i iscyi e¸ov gnvmo‡Ki Kv‡Q `g`gv bvgK ¯’vb ch©š— Gi we¯Z…wZ|| Kvgi“c †`‡ki GB ¯^Y©L‡Ûi w`‡K me iv‡R¨i ivRv‡`i †jvf cÖvPxbKvj †_‡K| w`wj­i mgªvU AvKei †_‡K AvIi½‡Re ch©š— mevB GB myRjv-mydjv f~wg `Lj Kivi Rb¨ Awfhvb Pvwj‡q‡Qb| ˆmb¨-evwnbx cvwV‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ †KD `L‡j ivL‡Z cv‡ibwb| †k‡l mgªvU AvIi½‡R‡ei g„Zz¨i (1700wLª.)10 eQi ci 1717 wLªóv‡ã ¯’vqxfv‡e †gvMj kvm‡b G‡jv iscyi|

‡gvMj Avg‡j evsjv-wenvi-Dwol¨v wb‡q hLb e½‡`k bv‡g GKwU †`k n‡jv, ZLbB iscyi n‡q ‡M‡jv DËie½| Avgiv Rvwb,BLwZqvi DÏxb gyn¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRxi wZ‡ivavb (1206 wLª.)Gi ci ciB cÖvPxb hyM †kl n‡q ïi“ n‡jv ga¨hy‡Mi| ga¨hy‡Mi ïi“‡Z iscy‡ii ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v Kx wQ‡jv; †Kvb kvmK K‡ZvKvj ch©š— ivRZ¡ K‡i‡Qb †m BwZnvm eoB G‡jv‡g‡jv| ¸wQ‡q avivevwnKfv‡e ejv GK K_vq Am¤¢e| ZviciI wewfbœ m~‡Î Avgiv h‡ZvUzKz D×vi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ Zv Gevi cwi‡ekb Ki‡ev| cvVK‡`i †gvUvgywU GKUv avibv †`qvB Avgv‡`i G cÖ‡Póv|

gnvKv‡ji Kwócv_‡i 500eQi GKwU we›`y | Z`ª“c 200 eQ‡ii g‡Zv GKwU ¶z`ª we›`yi avivevwnK BwZe„Ë GLv‡b Avgiv w`‡Z cviwQ bv| Z‡e Gi gv‡S c„_y bv‡g GK ivRvi mÜvb Avgiv cvB, whwb iscy‡ii Dci cÖfyZ¡ K‡ib| ivRZ¡Kvj 1200wLª.-1238wLª.| 1440wLªóv‡ã wn›`y †Lb Dcvwaavix GK ivRv iscyi Ges †KvPwenvi GjvKv wb‡q cÖwZôv Ki‡jb GKwU bZzb ivR¨| bvg w`‡jb KvgZv| wZwb 20 eQi ivRZ¡ Ki‡jb| bvg jxjaŸR|

bxjaŸ‡Ri ci Zvui cyÎ PµaŸR ivRv n‡q ivRZ¡ Ki‡jb 1480wLª÷vã ch©š—| ZLb †MŠ‡oi myjZvb i“KbDÏxb iveeK kvn (ivRZ¡Kvj 1459wLª.-1476wLª.)| evieK kvn‡K evsjvi Ab¨Zg †kªô myjZvb ejv nq| wZwb KvgZv ivR¨ `L‡ji Rb¨ kvn BmgvBj MvRx bvgK GK †mbvcwZ‡K iscy‡i †cÖiY K‡ib| BmgvBj MvRx wQ‡jb GKRb Ava¨vwZ¥K kw³-m¤úbœ †mbvcwZ| exi weµ‡g hy× K‡i wZwb iscyi A‡ji GK ivRv Kv‡gk¦i‡K civwRZ K‡i Bmjvg a‡g© `x¶v †`b| Zvi GB exiZ¡ mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv †NvovNvU `y‡M©i Aa¨¶ fv›`vmx ivq| wZwb Pµvš— K‡i i“KbDÏxb evieK kvn‡K wg_¨v wPwV w`‡q Rvbv‡jb, kvn& BmgvBj MvRx KvgZv ivR¨ weRq K‡i wb‡R‡K ¯^vaxb ivRv wnmv‡e †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| G Lei ï‡b eieK kvn †i‡M Av¸b n‡q Zvu‡K kv‡q¯—v Kivi Rb¨ weivU GK evwnbx cvVv‡jb fv›`vmx iv‡qi †bZ…‡Z¡|

BmgvBj MvRx‡K Zvuiv AvµgY Ki‡jv †cQb †_‡K AZwK©Z| ZLb wZwb bvgvR cowQ‡jb| Zv‡K e›`x Kiv n‡jv| wZwb m‡½ wKQyB wb‡Z cvi‡jb bv| Kvco-†Pvco, RvqbvgvR c‡o ivB‡jv| Zuvi hy×v¯¿wUi bvg wQ‡jv M`v †mUvI c‡o iB‡jv †mLv‡b| BwZnvm cv‡V Rvbv hvq, Zuvi †`n‡K 4 UzK&iv Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| `yB UyK&iv †d‡j hvq cxiM‡Ä| †mLv‡b eowejvq mgvwnZ Kiv nq GK UzK&iv Ges Aci UzK&iv `vdb Kiv nq Kuvš—`~qv‡i| hvi AvR‡Ki bvg KvuUv`yqvi| Z…Zxq UzK&iv‡K Kei †`Iqv nq †NvovNv‡U| Avi g¯—KwU wb‡q hvIqv nq eieK kv‡ni Kv‡Q| †mB gv_vi gvRvi AvR ûMjx †Rjvi gv›`vi‡Y| Avi M`v‡K †hLv‡b `vdb Kiv n‡jv, ZviB bvg eo`iMv| eo`iMv Ae¯’xZ cxiM‡Ä|

c‡i Avmj mZ¨ cÖKvk n‡jv| evieK kvn Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb, GUv fv›`vmx iv‡qi Pµvš— BmgvBj MvRx KLbB ¯^vaxb ivR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ibwb| c‡i †eCgvb, wg_¨vev`x fv›`vmx ivq‡K g„Z¨y`‡Û `wÛZ Ki‡jb evieK kvn| Avi ¯^xq fy‡ji Rb¨ AbyZß n‡q BmgvBj MvRxi gvRv‡i G‡m gvd PvB‡jb|

iscy‡ii gvwU‡Z N‡U hvIqv G i“c GKUv †jvgnl©K Kvwnbx hyM hyM a‡i Pvcv c‡o wQ‡jv| †KD Rvb‡Zv bv| ÔwimvjZ-B-ïnv`vÕ bvgK GKwU dvwm© MÖš’ †_‡K me©cÖ_g G Z_¨wU Rvbv †M‡jv | MÖš’wU cvIqv hvq KuvUv`yqvi gvRv‡ii Lv‡`‡gi  Kv‡Q| gvRv‡ii c~‡e©i GK Lv‡`g cxi mvËvix MÖš’wU †mLvb †_‡K D×vi K‡ib iscy‡ii †Rjv Kv‡j±i wg.W¨vgb| Zvic‡i GUv hy³ n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm Mª‡š’| H MÖ‡š’ BmgvBj MvRxi Rxebx †jLv Av‡Q| Zv †_‡K Rvbv hvq, wZwb Avie‡`‡ki mš—vb| †KvivBk es‡k Rb¥| Bmjvg ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ evsjvq Av‡mb| Zvi A‡jŠwKK ¶gZvi wb`k©b †`‡L myjZvb i“KbDÏxb evieK kvn Zv‡K †mbvcwZ wbhy³ K‡ib|

g„Zz¨i ci RbMY Zv‡K MvRx Dcvwa †`q Ges m¤§v‡bi m‡½ Zvi gvRvi‡K msi¶Y K‡i| cÖm½Z D‡j­L¨ †h, ga¨hy‡Mi g½j KweivI †`e‡`ex I cx‡ii e›`bvq kvn BmgvBj MvRxiI e›`bv K‡i‡Qb| BmgvBj MvRx knx` nb 1474 wLªóv‡ã|

GLb cÖkœ n‡jv, ZLb KvgZv iv‡R¨i ivRv wQ‡jb PµaŸR| Kv‡gk¦i †K? A‡bK M‡elYv K‡iI BwZnvmwe`iv G Z_¨ D×vi Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| welqUv Zgmv”Qbœ n‡q i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Avgv‡`i aviYv m¤¢eZ PµaŸ‡Ri †mbvcwZ n‡eb Kv‡gk¦i| ÔwimvjvZ-B-kynv`vqÕ †jLv i‡q‡Q BmgvBj MvRx KvgZv ivR¨ `Lj Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| Z‡e Zuvi A‡jŠwKK gwngv †`‡L gy» n‡q Kv‡gk¦i AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡ib|

PµaŸ‡Ri ci Zvi cyÎ bxjv¤^i (ivRZ¡Kvj:1480wLª.-1498wLª.) ivRv n‡jb| bxjv¤^‡ii ivRavbx wQ‡jv †KvPwenv‡ii KvgZvcyi| Zvi iv‡R¨i mxgv `w¶‡Y †NvovNvU ch©š— we¯Z…Z wQ‡jv| ivR¨‡K myiw¶Z Kivi Rb¨ iscy‡ii f~wg‡Z wZwb K‡qKwU `yM© evbvb| Zvi GKwU MvBevÜv mv`yj¨vcyi Dc‡Rjvi QqNi Ges AciwU †NvovNv‡U| nvivMv‡Qi aygMo I bxjv¤^‡ii KxwZ© e‡j ÔKvDwbqv Dc‡Rjvi BwZnvmÕ MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb gyn¤§` Aveyj Kv‡kg| Avi GKwU `yM© m‡½ Avevm evbvb cxiM‡Äi PZivq| ivRevwowU G‡Zv wekvj I my›`i †h, c‡i H GKvjvKvUvi bvg nq my›`icyi| ivRevwowU‡K myiw¶Z Kivi Rb¨ bxjv¤^i Gi PZzw`©‡K cwiLv Lbb Kivb| cwiLvwUi Rwgi cwigvY 90 GKi| Ôbxj `wiqvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| `wiqvi wejI ejv nq| Avi 600 GKi Rwgi Dci evwowU| Gi PZzw`©‡K DPz †`qvj w`‡q †Niv| †`qv‡ji D”PZv 20© dzU| PZzw`©‡K i‡q‡Q wZbwU i¶v cÖvPxi | AvR ivRevwoi feb A¶Z Ae¯’vq bv  _vK‡jI aŸsmve‡kl i‡q‡Q| mviv iscyi †Rjvq cÖvPxb HwZn¨evnx ¯’v‡bi  g‡a¨ GUv †kªô| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cÖZœZË¡ wefvM eZ©gv‡b GB HwZn¨ i¶vi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Q| Z_¨myÎ: Ôevsjv‡`k †Rjv †M‡RUxqvi iscyi, 1990 ; c„ôv-453|

bxjv¤^‡ii Av‡iv KxwZ© KzwoMÖv‡g †`Lv hvq| †mLv‡b ivRvinvU Dc‡Rjvi cv½vq GKwU wkegw›`i evbvb wZwb| bxjv¤^i hLb KvgZv iv‡R¨i ivRv, ZLb †MŠo-e‡½i AwacwZ iscyi b›`b AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn&| AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn Zvi Dcvwa| cÖK…Z bvg mvC` †nv‡mb | †MŠ‡oi nvekx myjZvb kvgmyÏxb gyRvd&di kv‡ni DRxi wQ‡jb wZwb| c‡i GK Af~¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g †MŠ‡oi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| ivRZ¡ K‡ib 1493wLª.-1519wLª.ch©š— 26eQi| GB û‡mb kvn‡K ejv nq evsjvi †kªô myjZvb| Avi Zuvi Avgj‡K ejv nq evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i ¯^Y©hyM| ïay evsjv Avi wenvi bq; Dwol¨vi wKq`skmn wekvj GK iv‡R¨i AwacwZ n‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| †MŠ‡oi †mvbv gmwR‡`i wbg©vZv wZwb| mviv e½ fvi‡Z wZwb AmsL¨ gmwR` wbg©vY K‡ib| m¤cÖwZ GKUv bZzb Z_¨ cÖKvk n‡jv, A‡hva¨vq eveix gmwR‡`i wbg©vZvI iscy‡ii GB nx‡ii UzKiv mš—vb AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn| G-Z_¨ jÛ‡bi wgDwRqv‡g iw¶Z cÖvPxb BwZnvm MÖš’ †_‡K D×vi K‡ib †Kivjvi GK we`» cwÛZ| mgªvU evei A‡hva¨vi Mnxb Ai‡Y¨ e¨vNÖ wkKv‡i G‡m GB gmwR‡` bvgvR c‡owQ‡jb e‡j c‡i Gi bvg eveix gmwR`| evei wQ‡jb û‡mb kv‡ni mgmvgwqK| Z‡e evei ZL‡bv w`wj­ Rq Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| wZwb w`wj­ `Lj K‡i †gvMj ivR‡Z¡i m~Pbv Ki‡jb û‡mb kv‡ni g„Zz¨i 7 eQi c‡i 1526 wLªóv‡ã|

KvgZv iv‡R¨ †div hvK Gevi | bxjv¤^i wbwe©‡Nœ KvgZv ivR¨ kvmb K‡i P‡j‡Qb| AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn ZLb w`wj­i KZ…©Z¡ †_‡K †MŠ‡oi ¯^vaxbZv wb‡q e¨¯—| e¨¯— bvbv ms¯‹vi I RbKj¨vYg~jK Kv‡R| wb‡Ri gvZ…f~wgi w`‡K bRi †`qvi mgq cvbwb| my‡hvMI Av‡mwb|

wKš‘ Gi g‡a¨ GKUv myeY© my‡hvM G‡m ‡Mj| bxjv¤^i Avi Zvi gš¿x †kvPxcv‡Îi g‡a¨ GKevi GKUv gvivZ¥K msNvZ †eu‡a †M‡jv| msNv‡Zi g~j KviY †kvPxcv‡Îi cyÎ| †mB cyÎ ivRivYxi cÖwZ A‰ea Avmw³ cÖKvk Ki‡j, bxjv¤^i Zvi Kov wePvi K‡ib| wePv‡ii iv‡q ejv n‡jv, Acivax‡K nZ¨v K‡i Zvi gvsm ivbœv Kiv n‡e Ges †mB gvsm †L‡Z n‡e wcZv †kvPxcv·K| wePv‡ii GB wbôzi ivq ï‡b †kvPxcvÎ wePwjZ n‡q co‡jb| †k‡l †Mvc‡b †MŠ‡o wM‡q  AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kv‡ni kiYvcbœ n‡jb †kvPxcvÎ|

GiKg GKUv PgrKvi my‡hvM nvivevi cvÎ bb û‡mb kvn| wZwb GKRb †mbvcwZi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU ˆmb¨evwnbx cvVv‡jb iscy‡ii w`‡K; KvgZvcy‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨| ïi“‡Z bxjv¤^i exi weµ‡g û‡mb kv‡ni evwnbx‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡jb| ZLb †mbvcwZ bxjv¤^i‡K ej‡jb, wZwb †MŠ‡o wd‡i †h‡Z Pvb Ges kvwš— Zv‡`i Kvg¨| Z‡e hvIqvi c~‡e© ivRivbx‡K mb¥vb cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ Zvi m‡½ mv¶vr K‡i †fU w`‡Z Pvb| G cÖ¯—ve gÄyi n‡jv| ZLb û‡mb kv‡ni ˆmb¨-QvDbx †_‡K ivRevwoi †fZi wKQy ‡mweKv hvq| Zv‡Z bvixi QÙ‡e‡k ˆmb¨ wQ‡jv| Zviv AZwK©Z AvµgY K‡i bxjv¤^i‡K e›`x K‡i †MŠ‡o cvVvevi e¨e¯’v Ki‡jb| wKš‘ †MŠ‡o hvIqvi mgq bxjv¤^ei cvwj‡q †h‡Z m¶g nq| c‡i Avi Zvi mÜvb cvIqv hvqwb| iscy‡ii GB weL¨vZ ivRv nvwi‡q †M‡jb wPiw`‡bi Rb¨|

1519wLªóv‡ã AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn& B‡š—Kvj Ki‡j Zuvi †R¨ôcyÎ bvwmiDÏxb bymivZ kvn& †MŠ‡oi  wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| bymivZ kvn Zuvi ivR¨ c~‡e© †mvbviMuv ch©š— we¯—vi K‡iwQ‡jb| û‡mb kvn& g„Zz¨Kv‡j 18 Rb cyÎ †i‡L hvb| †mB cy·`i Aat¯—b eskaiMY Av‡Rv kvLv-cÖkvLv we¯—vi K‡i emevm Ki‡Qb DËie‡½i wewfbœ GjvKvq| Zv‡`iB bv‡gi c`ex kvû| KviY kvn& dvwm© kã, Gi A_© ev`kvn| Z‡e cxi-dwKi Ges AvDwjqvivI bv‡gi m‡½ kvn wj‡L _v‡Kb| GB kv‡ni A_© dwKi| bIMuv †Rjvaxb †cvk©vq kvû Dcvwaavix ag©cÖvY †m mg¯— weËkvjx †jvK Av‡Qb, ZvivI m¤¢eZ AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kv‡ni Wvjcvjv| kvn& kãwU Acåsk i“c kvû|

bxjv¤^‡ii iv‡R¨ †div hvK Gevi| bxjv¤^i wb‡LvR n&Iqvi ci ci cyiv †KvPwenvi Ges iscyi AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kv‡ni `L‡j G‡jv| wZwb H mgq †ek K‡qKwU gmwR` wbg©vY Kiv‡jb KvgZv iv‡R¨| KuvUv`yqv‡ii GKwU gmwR` †_‡K cvIqv wkjvwjwc Zvi cÖgvY| m¨vi GWIqvW© †MB‡Ui Ô History of Assam’ MÖš’ cv‡V Rvbv hvq, û‡mb kvn KvgZv Kvgi“c Rq K‡i Zvi cyÎ `vwb‡qj‡K †mLvbKvi kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ K‡ib| wKš‘ Avmvg ch©š— ivR¨ we¯—vi Ki‡Z e¨_© nb|

cieZx©Kv‡j û‡mb kv‡ni cyÎ `vwb‡qj‡K civwRZ I weZvwoZ K‡i H kZvãx‡Z KvgZvcy‡i GK bZzb ivResk cÖwZwóZ nq| †KvPwenv‡i ZLb †KvP‡`i `jcwZ wQ‡jb nv‡Rv|| nv‡Rvi  †Kv‡bv cyÎ wQ‡jv bv| Zvi wQ‡jv `yB Kb¨v|

wRiv Avi wniv| wRivi `yB cyÎ P›`b Avi g`b| Avi wnivi `yB cyÎ wkï I weï| weïB †KvPwenv‡ii cÖ_g gnvivRv wek¦wmsn| Avi wkï ˆeKzÚcy‡ii Rwg`vix jvf K‡i nb wkl¨wmsn| ˆeKzÚcyi eZ©gv‡b RjcvB¸wo †Rjvi Aš—©MZ| wek¦wmsn gviv hvb 1533 wLªóv‡ã|

‡`oWRb cZœxi cwZ Ges 18Rb cy‡Îi wcZv gnvivRv wek¦wms‡ni †R¨ô-PvicyÎ biwmsn, bibvivqY, ïK¬aŸR (wPjvivq) Ges KgjbvivqY| ivRKxq wbqg Abyhvqx †R¨ôcÎ biwms‡ni wmsnvm‡b emvi K_v| wKš‘ Awf‡lK Abyôv‡bi w`b GKUv gRvi NUbv NU‡jv| eªv¤§b cwÛZMb Awf‡l‡Ki e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Qb| Awf‡lK Abyô‡b ivRcwiev‡ii mevB Dcw¯’Z| Dcw¯’Z A‡bK MY¨gvb¨ e¨vw³ Ges wbgwš¿Z AwZw_iv| mfvi KvR ïi“ n‡Z hv‡”Q, Ggb mgq †`Lv †M‡jv bibvivq‡Yi ¯¿x ivRmfvi w`‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Qb| G `„k¨ †`‡L Dcw¯’Z mevB we¯§‡q nZevK| wZwb G‡m fvmyi biwmsn‡K cÖ_‡g cÖYvg Ki‡jb, Zvici ej‡jb, cÖfy Avgvi we‡qi mgq Avcwb Avkxev©` K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb , ivRivYx nI| wKš‘ cÖfy Avcwb ivRv n‡j †Zv Avcbvi Avkxev©` wg_¨v n‡q hv‡e| Avgvi ivRivYx nIqv Avi †Kvbw`b n‡e bv| G K_v e‡j wZwb gv_v wbPz K‡i _vK‡jb| Zici ej‡jb, gv Avgvi Avkxe©v` †Zv Avi wg‡_¨ nevi bq| hv e‡jwQjvg ZvB n‡e| Avwg Avi ivRv n‡ev bv| bibvivqbB †KvPwenv‡ii ivRv n‡e| GUvB n‡jv iscy‡ii gvwUi ¸Y| iscy‡ii gvby‡li g‡bi D`viZv| w`wj­i †gvMj hyeivR‡`i wVK D‡ëv| †mLv‡b ivRgyKz‡Ui wjávq GK fvB Aci fvB‡K nZ¨v K‡i| fvB‡qi †PvL AÜ K‡i ivRvm‡bi †jvf wPiZ‡i wgwk‡q ‡`q Aci fvB| †mB fvM¨vnZ fvB‡qi bvg KvgivY Ges wbôzi fvB‡qi bvg ûgvDb|

mwZ¨ mwZ¨ bibvivqY †KvPwenv‡ii gnvivRv n‡jb| Avi Zvi cÖavb †mbvcwZ n‡jb ZviB AbyR ïK¬aŸR Ii‡d wPjvivq| wPjviv‡qi Rb¥ 1510 wLª÷v‡ã gvN gv‡mi c~wY©gv wZw_‡Z| Avi Mv‡qi iO dm©v wQ‡jv e‡jB Zvi bvg n‡qwQ‡jv ïK¬aŸR| Z‡e wZwb hy×,msMÖvg fv‡jvevm‡Zb e‡j Zuvi Dcvwa wQ‡jv ÔmsMÖvg wmsnÕ wP‡ji g‡Zv †Qv gvivi g‡Zv kµ wkwe‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i wbw`©ó kµ‡K LZg Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb e‡j Zvi Aci bvg nq wPjv ivq| wPjv iv‡qi bv‡gi ¯§„wZ bxjdvgvixi wPjvnvwU †ij‡÷kbwU| Avi wPjv iv‡qi mnawg©Yxi bv‡gi ¯§„wZ wPjvnvwUi mvgvb¨ wKQy `y‡i RjcvB¸wo‡Z †ngKzgvix MÖvg|

bibvivqY †KvPwenv‡i wmsnvm‡b e‡mB †R¨ôåvZv biwmsn‡K cv½v ciMYvi Rwg`vix †`b| cv½vi cÖvPxb bvg Ô†Kv‡Uk¦iÕ| eZ©gv‡b KzwoMÖvg †Rjvi ivRvinvU Dc‡Rjvi wmbvB BDwbq‡b Aew¯’Z GB cv½v| Ôiscy‡ii cÖvPxb BwZnvmÕ MÖ‡š’ W.gyn¤§` gwbi“¾vgvb wj‡L‡Qb, cv½vi ivR cwievi †KvPwenvi iv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv wek¦wmsn D™¢~Z GKwU kvLv| †KvPwenvi iv‡R¨i ivRavbx wQ‡jv †KvPwenvi| †KvPwenvi kn‡i †`Levi g‡Zv wRwbm wZbwU, gnvivRvi cÖvmv`, g`b‡gvn‡bi gw›`i Ges mvMi`xwN|

Gevi †`Lv hvK, GB iv‡R¨i we¯Z…wZ K‡Zv`~i ch©š— wQ‡jv| Ges Gi Aax‡b iscyi A‡j Aew¯’Z ciMYv I PvKjv¸‡jvi bvg wK|

ciMYv wQ‡jv 4wU Ges PvKjv `ywU| K‡qKwU ciMYv ev K‡qKwU Rwg`vix G‡ó‡Ui mgwó‡K PvKjv e‡j|

ciMYv 4wU n‡jv

1. KvwKbv (eZ©gvb jvjgwYinv‡U)

2. cvUMÖvg (eZ©gv‡b jvjgwYinv‡Ui GKwU Dc‡Rjv)

3. c~e©fvM (KzwoMÖv‡gi dzjevwo Dc‡Rjvi c~e© bvg ) Ges

4. ‡ev`v (eZ©gv‡b cÂMo †Rjvaxb GKwU Dc‡Rjv)

PvKjv 2wU n‡jv

1.Kvwh©i nvU PvKjv

Kvwh©i nvU PvKjv ej‡Z cyiv bxjvdvgvix †Rjv‡K †evSvq| eis G K_v wbwשavq ejv hvq, AvR‡Ki ¶z`ªZi bxjdvgvix †Rjvi eZ©gv‡bi †P‡q Kvwh©invU PvKjvi AvqZb GKUz †ekxB| bxjdvix †Rjvi eZ©gv‡b AvqZb 635 eM©gvBj| A_P Kvwh©invU PvKjvi AvqZb wQ‡jv 719 eM©gvBj| GB PvKjv 5wU Rwg`vix‡Z wef³ wQj|

1. Kvwh©invU ciMYv (bxjdvgvix‡Z)

2. wWgjv ciMYv (bxjdvgvixi GKwU Dc‡Rjv)

3. †Ucv ciMYv (iscy‡i gvbvm b`xi Zx‡i KvDwbqv Dc‡Rjvq)

4. ZzlfvÛvi G‡óU  (jvjgwYinvU †Rjvq)

5. gnxcyi G‡÷U (iscyi M½Pov Dc‡Rjvq)

L. d‡Zncyi PvKjv

d‡Zncyi PvKjvi Aax‡b wQ‡jv 4wU ciMYv I 1wU Rwg`vix G‡÷U| †m¸‡jv n‡jv-

1.      d‡Zncyi ciMYv (†K›`ª¯’j iscyi cxiMvQv Dc‡Rjvaxb BUvKzgvix)

2.     gš’Yv ciMYv (iscy‡ii cxiMvQv Dc‡Rjvq)

3.     evgbWv½v (MvBevÜvi my›`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvq)

4.     cv½v ciMYv (KzwoMÖv‡gi ivRvinvU Dc‡Rjvq) Ges

5.     NwoqvjWv½v Rwg`vix G‡óU (KzwoMÖv‡gi ivRvinvU Dc‡Rjvq)

Gevi Avgiv wKQy mg‡qi Rb¨ GKUz `~‡i P‡j hv‡ev| `~‡i| eû`~‡i| w`wj­‡Z| w`wj­‡Z hv‡ev G Rb¨B †h, w`wj­ †mB we¯§„wZ AZxZ †_‡K mviv fviZe‡l©i ivRbxwZi †K›`we›`y| w`wj­B wbqš¿Y K‡i‡Q mgMÖ fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ| †gvMj Avg‡ji c~‡e© myjZvbx Avg‡jI w`wj­i gymwjg myjZvbiv evi evi AvNvZ †n‡b‡Qb evsjvq| Ggb Kx †mB Avw` hy‡M cuvP nvRvi eQi Av‡MI †`‡LwQ Kzi“‡¶‡Îi hy‡× iscy‡ii kvmK ivRv fM`Ë AskMÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb MRv‡ivnx evwnbx wb‡q| †mB Kzi“‡¶‡Îi gvV w`wj­i Dˇi| H hy‡M w`wj­ wQ‡jv nw¯—bvcyi iv‡R¨i cvÛe ivRv‡`i ivRavbx| ZLb w`wj­i bvg wQ‡jv B›`ªcÖ¯’| w`wj­ kn‡i B›`ªcÖ¯’ bv‡g Av‡Rv GKwU ¯’vb Av‡Q|

Avgiv †ekx `~‡i hv‡ev bv| hv‡ev w`wj­‡Z gymwjg ivRkw³i DÌvb †_‡K| gyn¤§` Nyix AvdMvwb¯’vb †_‡K †Nvovi wc‡V e‡m fvi‡Z G‡m w`wj­i wn›`y ivRv c„w_¡ivR‡K hy‡× civwRZ K‡iB ce©cÖ_g fvi‡Zi ey‡K gymwjg AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôv Ki‡jb| w`wj­ `Lj K‡i wZwb _vK‡jb bv| Zvi wek¦¯— †mbvcwZ KzZze DÏxb AvB‡eK‡K kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ K‡i ¯^‡`‡k wd‡i †M‡jb| 1206 wLªóv‡ã wbtmš—vb Ae¯’vq wZwb gviv †M‡jb| ZLb w`wj­i me©gq KZ©v n‡jb KzZzeDÏxb AvB‡eK| H eQi evsjvi gvwU‡Z NvZ‡Ki QywiKvNv‡Z cÖvY nviv‡jb, evsjvi cÖ_g gymwjg kvmK BLwZqviDÏxb gyn¤§`-web-eLwZqvi LjRx| wLjRx‡K evsjv I wenvi Rq Kivi Rb¨ Aby‡cÖiYv RywM‡qwQ‡jb KzZzeDÏxb AvB‡eK|

cÖ_g Rxe‡b KzZzeDÏxb AvB‡eK gyn¤§` Nyixi µxZ`vm wQ‡jb| ¯^xq †hvM¨Zv, Kg©`¶Zv Ges ¸‡Yi e‡j wZwb cÖ_‡g ˆmwbK Ges c‡i ‡mbvcwZi c` Aj¼„Z K‡ib| ZvB GB ivResk‡K Ô`vmeskÕ ejv nq| `vm es‡ki †kªó myjZvb BjZzrwgk| wZwbI µxZ`vm wQ‡jb| KzZzeDÏxb AvB‡eK Zuv‡K D”Pg~‡j¨ Lwi` K‡iwQ‡jb| ¯^xq †hvM¨Zvi e‡j wZwbI Zuvi cÖfyi g‡Zv w`wj­i mgªvU nb| cÖm½Z D‡j­L¨ †h, AvRwg‡i LvRv gCb DÏxb wPkwZ (in.) Gi mgvwa¯’v‡b `iMv wbg©vY ïi“ K‡ib BjZzrwgk Ges †kl K‡ib †gvMj mgªvU ûgvDb| BjZzrwg‡ki mgq w`wj­i cÖfve evsjvq wQ‡jv| BLwZqvi DÏxb gyn¤§`-web-eLwZqvi wLjRxi g„Zz¨i ci evsjvi Aci wLjRx kvmKiv w`wj­i myjZv‡bi AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi K‡ib| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg BLwZqvi DÏx‡bi NvZK Avwj g`©vb, whwb ÔAvjvDÏxb wLjRxÕ bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ| Zvi eskaiMY wLjRx Dcvwa wb‡q cieZx©Kv‡j evsjvq ivRZ¡ K‡ib hyM hyM a‡i| cÖvq wZbkZ eQi|

1227 wLªóv‡ã BjZzrwg‡ki  †R¨ôcyÎ bvwmiDÏxb gvngy` evsjvi myjZvb wMqvmDÏxb BIR wLjRx‡K civwRZ I nZ¨v K‡i cwðge½ j¶YveZx weRq K‡ib| wKš‘ ZL‡bv Ki‡Zvqvi c~e© Zx‡ii Kvgi“c ivR¨ (iscyi) w`wj­i cÖfve gy³| BjZzrwg‡ki mgq 1221wLª÷v‡ã †gv½j exi †Pw½m Lvui AvMgb fviZe‡l© | BjZzrwg‡ki RxweZ _vK‡ZB Zvi †R¨ôcyÎ bvwmiDÏxb gvngy` gviv †M‡jb| Aci cyÎiv Ac`v_© Ges g`c¨ nIqvq g„Zz¨i c~‡e©B my‡hvM¨v Kb¨v myjZvbv ivwRqv‡K wmsnv‡mi DËivwaKvi `vb K‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb| myjZvbv ivwRqv 1236wLª. ‡_‡K 1234wLª ch©š— 4 eQi ivRZ¡ Ki‡jb| gviv †M‡jb NvZ‡Ki nv‡Z| `vmesk 1290wLª.ch©š— 84 eQi w`wj­‡Z ivRZ¡ K‡ib|

Gici w`wj­‡Z G‡jv wLjRx esk| GB ivResk w`wj­‡Z ivRZ¡ Ki‡jv 1320wLªóv‡ã ch©š— 30 eQi| wLjRx es‡ki †kªó myjZvb AvjvDÏxb wLjRx|

wLjRx es‡ki cZ‡bi ci w`wj­‡Z Avwef©e n‡jv Avi GK bZzb ivRes‡ki| Zvi bvg ZzNjK esk| Gu‡`i ivRZ¡Kvj wQ‡jv 1320wLª÷vã †_‡K 1413 wLª÷vã ch©š— 93 eQi| GB ivRes‡ki me©‡kªô myjZvb gyn¤§` web ZzNjK| gyn¤§` web ZyNjK evsjvq Awfhvb Pvwj‡q myjZvb dKi“Ïxb gyeviK kvn‡K hy‡× civwRZ I e›`x K‡i w`wj­‡Z wb‡q wM‡q nZ¨v K‡ib| GB dKzi“Ïxb gyeviK kvn wQ‡jb evsjvi cÖ_g ¯^vaxb myjZvb| Zvi ivRavbx wQ‡jv †mvbviMuv| wZwb 11 eQi a‡i ¯^vaxbfv‡e ivRZ¡ K‡ib| wbR bv‡g wZwb ‡mvbviMuv‡qi UvKkvj †_‡K gy`ªv ˆZix K‡ib| GUvB Zuvi Aciva| Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv HwZnvmwe` e‡jb, dKi“Ïxb gyeviKkv‡ni ¯^vfvweK g„Z¨ n‡qwQj|

Gici ‰mq` esk 37 eQi Ges †jv`x esk 75 eQi ivRZ¡ Ki‡jv| 1526 wLªóv‡ã cvwbc‡_i hy‡× Beªvnxg †jv`x‡K civwRZ I nZ¨v K‡i w`wj­i wmsnvm‡b em‡jb evei| ïi“ n‡jv †gvMj ivR‡Z¡i|         

Gevi w`wj­i †gvMj mgªvU‡`i Ici Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡e| evei w`wj­‡Z †gvMj ivR‡Z¡i m~ÎcvZ K‡i †ewk`~i AMÖmi n‡Z cvi‡jb bv| KivY, Gici Avi †ewkw`b euv‡Pbwb wZwb| 1530 wLª÷v‡ã wZwb gviv ‡M‡jb| ev`kvnx Ki‡jb gvÎ 4 eQi| Zvui Awš—g B”Qvbyhvqx g„Zz¨i ci Zvu‡K mgvwnZ Kiv n‡jv Avcb gvZ…f~wg Kvey‡j|

Gici w`wj­i wmsnvm‡b em‡jb Zuvi cyÎ ûgvDb| ûgvD‡bi Rxe‡b A‡bK DÌvb-cZb n‡q‡Q| ivR¨-nviv n‡q `k eQi cvwj‡q †eovb| gvSLv‡b Zuvi ¯’v‡b w`wj­‡Z ev`kvnx K‡ib †kikvn| †m A‡bK BwZnvm| Z‡e †MŠo weRq K‡i ûgvDb Gi bZzb bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb RvbœvZvev`|

evsjvi cÖK…wZK †mŠ›`h© Zuv‡K G‡ZvB gy» K‡iwQ‡jv †h, wZwb †MŠo‡K RvbœvZ ev †e‡nkZ e‡j‡Qb| Ki‡Zvqv †cwi‡q wZwb hw` iscyi weRq Ki‡Zb, Avi Kvgi“‡ci SY©v avivi Aci“c i“c-‡mŠ›`h© †`L‡Zb Zvn‡j nq‡Zv ev e‡jB ‡dj‡Zb RvbœvZzj †di‡`Šm|

ûgvq‡bi ci mgªvU n‡jb AvKei 1556 wLª÷v‡ã| †gvMj ivRes‡ki me©‡kªô ev`kvn wQ‡jb AvKei| wZwb wbi¶i wQ‡jb e‡U, wKš‘ Zuvi Ávb wccvmv cÖej wQ‡jv| Ávbx-¸Yx Ges weØvb‡`i wZwb kª×v Ki‡Zb| GB mgq †gvMj ¯’vcZ¨, ivRcyZ wPÎKjv, †UvWig‡ji f~wgms¯‹vi, ˆdwRi KweZv, exie‡ji cwinvm, Zzjmx`v‡mi Kve¨ Ges Aveyj dR‡ji BZnv‡m me©v½xY DbœwZ jvf K‡i fviZel©| Aveyj dRj ÔAvBb-B-AvKeixÕ MÖ‡š’ AvKe‡ii Rxebx iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zv cv‡V Rvbv hvq, AvKei Zvi wekvj mvgªvR¨ fviZ‡K A‡bK¸‡jv myevq (cÖ‡`‡k) wef³ K‡ib| myevi kvmbKZ©v‡K myev`vi ejv n‡Zv| cÖwZwU myev‡K Avevi K‡qKwU miKv‡i (†Rjvq) fvM Kiv nq| miKv‡ii kvmK‡K ejv n‡Zv †dŠR`vi| ev½vjvn  myevi Aax‡b 23 wU miKvi wQ‡jv| Gi 5wU Dwoq¨vq, 8wU cwðge‡½ Ges 10wU c~e©e‡½| c~e©e‡½i miKvi¸‡jv n‡jv, 1.miKvi cv‡Äiv, 2.miKvi evRynv, 3. miKvi eeKvev`, 4. miKvi wmjnvU (wm‡jU), 5. miKvi evKjv (ewikvj), 6.miKvi PvUMuv (PUªMÖvg),7. miKv †mvbviMuv, 8. miKvi d‡Znvev` (dwi`cyi), 9.miKvi LwjdvZvev` (Lyjbv) Ges 10. miKvi †NvovNvU| H hy‡M GB †NvovNv‡Ui Aax‡b wQj iscyi| Avevi cieZx©Kv‡j iscy‡ii Aax‡b nq †NvovNvU| Kw_Z Av‡Q, Ki‡Zvqvi Zx‡i GB ¯’v‡b ivRv weiv‡Ui †Nvovi Av¯—vej wQ‡jv e‡j Gi bvg †NvovNvU|

ÔAvBb-B-AvKeix‡Z Av‡iv †jLv n‡q‡Q, GB †NvovNvU miKv‡ii Aax‡b 84wU ciMYv wQ‡jv| Gi evwl©K ivR¯^ Avq wQ‡jv 83,83072`vg / UvKv| KzÛx ciMYv, evZvmb ciMYv (wgVvcyKzi-e`iMÄ), minUªv ciMYv (wgVvcyKzi-dzj‡PŠwK) †ivKbcyi ciMYv, cvqive›` ciMYv, gwKgcyi ciMYv,evM`yqvi ciMYv, MvBevÜvi mvNvUv I ZzjkxNvU ciMYv¸‡jv †NvovNvU miKv‡ii Aax‡b wQj| ZLb iscy‡ii DËi A‡ji ciMYv¸‡jv wQ‡jv ¯^vaxb †KvPwenvi iv‡R¨i Aaxb| †m weeiY Avgiv Av‡MB w`‡qwQ| Z‡e GUv wVK, †NvovNvU miKv‡ii Aax‡b AwaKvsk ciMYv wQj w`bvRcy‡i| ZvB cieZx©Kv‡j †NvovNvU †_‡K m`i `ßi ¯’vbvš—i nq w`bvRcy‡i|

evsjvi myev`vi _vKvKvjxb ivRv gvbwmsn Amy¯’¨ n‡q wKQy`wb †NvovNv‡U wQ‡jb| Gici my¯’¨ n‡q Kvgi“c Awfhv‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ AMÖmi nb KzÛx n‡q| KzÛxi †K›`ª k¨vgcyi †ij-†÷k‡bi gvBj `y‡qK c~e© `w¶Y †Kv‡Y| ¯’vbUvi bvg cvwjPov| cvwjPov bvg GL‡bv envj Av‡Q| Z‡e KzÛxi ivRevwoi ¯’vbUvi cieZx©Kv‡j bvg nq m`¨tcy¯‹wiYx| GB bvgKi‡Yi cðv‡Z GKUv BwZnvm Av‡Q| †m BwZnvm Avgiv eY©bv K‡iwQ HwZnvwmK ¯’vb Ô†MvcvjcyiÕ wk‡ivbv‡g| ZvB cybivq ejvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| m`¨tcy¯‹wiYx c‡i nq iscyi m`i Dc‡Rjvaxb GKwU BDwbqb|

H mgq †mvbviMvu Gi ¶gZvai kvmK Cmv Lvu| Cmv Lvu wQ‡jb evsjvi ¯^vaxb Ôev‡iv f~uBqvÕ ivRv‡`i g‡a¨ me©‡kªô| Zvi f‡q †QvU †QvU iv‡R¨i ivRviv m`v K¤úgvb _vK‡Zv| Cmv Lvu GKevi †KvPwenvi Avµg‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡jb| G Lei ï‡b †KvPwenv‡ii gnvivRv j¶èxbvivqY Nve‡o †M‡jb| wZwb gvbwms‡ni mvnvh¨ PvB‡jb Ges †gvMj mgªv‡Ui ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi Ki‡jb| ZLb eÜz‡Z¡i nvZ‡K my`„p Kivi Rb¨ wZwb ¯^xq fMœx cÖfveZx †`ex‡K gvbwms‡ni m‡½ we‡q w`‡jb| m‡½ m‡½ gvbwmsn n‡q †M‡jb, iscy‡ii RvgvB| mgqUv 1596wLª÷vã|

Z‡e GB AvbyMZ¨ ¯’vqx wQ‡jv bv| c‡i †gvMj-cÖfyZ¡ A¯^xKvi K‡i †KvPwenv‡ii gnvivRv| ZvB Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, cieZx©Kv‡j Ab¨vb¨ †gvMj myev`viiv evi evi †KvPwenvi Avµgb K‡ib| nvq`vi Avjx †PŠayix Ôcjvkx hy‡×vËi Avhv`x msMÖv‡gi cv`cxVÕ MÖ‡š’ wVKB e‡j‡Qb,

`yM©vcyi-1: wgVvcyKzi Dc‡Rjvaxb RvqMxinv‡Ui cv‡k| bvg evZvmb `yM©vcyi|

`yMv©cyi-2: Aew¯’Z MvBevÜvi cjvkevox Dc‡Rjvq| 1904 wLª÷v‡ã GB MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib BsivRx fvlv eR©bKvix wec­ex †`k‡cÖwgK †bZv †Lv`veKª miKvi Z_¨: MvBevÜvi BwZnvm I Z_¨|

`yM©vcyi-3: KzwoMÖv‡gi Dwjcy‡i Aew¯’Z| iscy‡ii Awe¯§iYxq bvix Rq`yM©v †`ex †PŠayivYx weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq GB GjvKvq NvwU K‡iwQ‡jb|

`yM©vcyi-4: jvjgwYinvU †Rjvaxb cvUMÖvg Dc‡Rjvi Aš—M©Z GKwU Rbc`|

`yM©vcyi-5: jvjgwYinvU †Rjvaxb cvUMÖvg Dc‡Rjvi Aš—M©Z| 1783 wLªóv‡ã K…lK cÖRv we‡`ªvn Gi mgq beve byi“Ïxb gyn¤§` ev‡Ki R‡½i m‡½ Bs‡iR ˆmb¨‡`i Zzgyj hy× nq GLv‡b|

`yM©vcyi-6 : iscyi m`i Dc‡Rjvaxb m`¨tcy¯‹wiYx BDwbq‡b Aew¯’Z| cj­xKwe Rmxg DÏxb (1903-1976) K„lvY Mvb msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ GB MÖv‡g G‡mwQ‡jb DwbkÕk lv‡Ui `k‡K| GB `yM©vcy‡i ivwÎhvcbI K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb| (Z_¨: wbe× iscy‡ii †jvKmvwnZ¨, Gm,Gg Lwjj evey| iscyi eB‡gjv ¯§iwYKv-95)|

`yM©vcyi-7t MvBevÜvi mvNvUv Dc‡Rjvi Aš—M©Z|

iscy‡ii g‡Zv GKwU ¶z`ª A‡j GKBbv‡gi GKvwaK ¯’v‡bi hw` GB Ae¯’v nq, Zvn‡j evsjv-wenv‡ii g‡Zv wekvj GjvKvq GKvwaK iscyi _vKv Kx Am¤¢e ? ZvQvov, BwZnvm cv‡V Rvbv hvq, BLwZqvi DÏxb gyn¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRx evsjvi c`vc©Y Kivi Av‡M wenvi weRq K‡iwQ‡jb| ZLb wenvi bv‡gi Rb¥ nqwb| wgw_jv, gMa bvbv bv‡g wenv‡ii wewfbœ GjvKv cwiwPZ wQ‡jv| †mLv‡b †eŠ×‡`i GKwU bvgKiv Dcvmbvj‡qi bvg wQ‡jv ÔI`š—cyixwenviÕ | GB Dcvmbvj‡q Ae¯’vbKvix †eŠ×‡`iwZwb weagx© AvL¨vwqZ K‡iI nZ¨v K‡ib mevB‡K| c‡i Bmjvgx wk¶vi †K›`ªwe›`y nq GB wenvi | cieZx©Kv‡j gymwjgiv D`¯—cyix wenv‡ii ¯’vbwUi bvg †`q wenvi kixd| wenvi kix‡d wPiwb`ªvq kvwqZ Av‡Qb gymwjg Ava¨vwZ¥K mvaK cxi nhiZ kvn gL`yg (in.)| AZGe msMZ Kvi‡Y Ges BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi dvwi¯—vi evsjvi mxgv‡š—i iscyi, DËie‡½i iscyi bq, †m iscyi Ab¨ GK iscyi| hv M‡elY K‡i Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡eb GKgvÎ cwÛZ e¨vw³MY| cÖm½µ‡g ej‡Z nq, evsjvi ey‡K biwms`x †Rjvi iscyi bv‡g Av‡iv GKwU Rbc` Av‡Q| Av‡iv GKUz Mfxifv‡e fve‡j, g‡b GKUv cÖkœ Rv‡M, dvwi¯—v b`xqv‡K Avei bIw`qv e‡jbwb †Zv? KviY G‡KK fvlx †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q k‡ãi D”PviY I wjLb G‡KK iKg nq| ‡hgb BLwZqvi DÏxb‡K W±i wKiYP›`ª †PŠayix Zvi iwPZ fvi‡Zi BwZnvm K_v MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb GLwZqvi DÏxb| Avevi BLwZqvi DÏx‡bi ˆcZ…K c`exUv‡KB wj‡Lb wLjRx, †KD wj‡Lb LjRx| Avi wn›`y BwZnvmwe`iv †Zv mgªvU AvIi½‡Re‡K †j‡Lb AvIi½Rxe| †mvnivIqv`x©‡K myive`x©| Avgvi wb‡Rii GKUv D`vniY w`‡Z PvB cÖm½µ‡g| Avgv‡K mevB gwR` e‡j WvK‡Qb I wjL‡Qb| A_P cÖwZwU wgkix Avgv‡K gwM` Wv‡K †mŠw`Avi‡e| †m iKg b`xqv‡K bIw`K ejv Am¤¢e wKQy bq| dvwi¯—v Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb, bIw`qv kn‡ii e`‡j iscyii bv‡g GKwU kni ax‡i ax‡i M‡o DV‡jv,ZLb Gi bvg wQ‡jv gvwnMÄ Ges KL‡bv dKxiKzÛx| iscyi bv‡g gvwnM‡Äi Av‡M †Kv‡bv kniB wQ‡jv bv| Kv‡RB BLwZqvi DÏx‡bi Mov ivRavYx †h Avgv‡`i iscyi bq Zv wbwðZ K‡i ejv hvq|

BLwZqvi DÏxb gyn¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRxi ¯§„wZ‡Z fv¯^i `ÕywU ¯’vb Av‡Q iscy‡i| eLwZqv‡ii Wv½v e`iMÄ †_‡K 7 gvBj `w¶‡Y hgy‡bk¦ixi cwðg Zx‡i Ges iscyi kni †_‡K gvBj wZ‡bK `~‡i iv‡R›`cyi BDwbq‡b eLwZqvicyi MÖvg| cÖ_gwU‡Z eLwZqvi wLjRx †mbvevwnbxi †Nvov‡K Nvm LvB‡qwQ‡jb wZeŸZ AwfhvbKv‡j, Avi eLwZqvicy‡i QvDwb †d‡jwQ‡jb wekªvg †bIqvi Rb¨|

nviv‡bv AZxZ

(ga¨hy‡Mi  ïi“ ‡_‡K  weªwUk  kvm‡bi  c~e©eZx©  hyM)

DËie½ ejv n‡”Q AvR iscyi‡K| wKš‘ iscyi Avm‡j wK e‡½i A½? KLbB bq| AZx‡Z iscyi Kvgi“c-Avmvg I ¯^vaxb †KvPwenvi iv‡R¨i A½ wQj| we‡kl K‡i iscy‡ii DËi AÂj| ÔKzÛxi Rwg`vi eskÕ MÖ‡š’ Zvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| †mLv‡b †jLv i‡q‡Q, Ô†MŠo- e‡½i myjZvb I †KvPwenvi iv‡R¨i mxgv GB MoÕ| †mB MowUi bvg Ôfx‡gi MoÕ| fx‡gi M‡oi Ae¯’vb e`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvaxb k¨vgcy‡ii Kv‡Q| †Mvcvjcyi BDwbq‡b| †mLv‡b KvUMox b`xi c~e© Zx‡i Gi ïi“| Zvici K‡qK gvBj `~‡i iscyi e¸ov gnvmo‡Ki Kv‡Q `g`gv bvgK ¯’vb ch©š— Gi we¯Z…wZ|| Kvgi“c †`‡ki GB ¯^Y©L‡Ûi w`‡K me iv‡R¨i ivRv‡`i †jvf cÖvPxbKvj †_‡K| w`wj­i mgªvU AvKei †_‡K AvIi½‡Re ch©š— mevB GB myRjv-mydjv f~wg `Lj Kivi Rb¨ Awfhvb Pvwj‡q‡Qb| ˆmb¨-evwnbx cvwV‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ †KD `L‡j ivL‡Z cv‡ibwb| †k‡l mgªvU AvIi½‡R‡ei g„Zz¨i (1700wLª.)10 eQi ci 1717 wLªóv‡ã ¯’vqxfv‡e †gvMj kvm‡b G‡jv iscyi|

‡gvMj Avg‡j evsjv-wenvi-Dwol¨v wb‡q hLb e½‡`k bv‡g GKwU †`k n‡jv, ZLbB iscyi n‡q ‡M‡jv DËie½| Avgiv Rvwb,BLwZqvi DÏxb gyn¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRxi wZ‡ivavb (1206 wLª.)Gi ci ciB cÖvPxb hyM †kl n‡q ïi“ n‡jv ga¨hy‡Mi| ga¨hy‡Mi ïi“‡Z iscy‡ii ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v Kx wQ‡jv; †Kvb kvmK K‡ZvKvj ch©š— ivRZ¡ K‡i‡Qb †m BwZnvm eoB G‡jv‡g‡jv| ¸wQ‡q avivevwnKfv‡e ejv GK K_vq Am¤¢e| ZviciI wewfbœ m~‡Î Avgiv h‡ZvUzKz D×vi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ Zv Gevi cwi‡ekb Ki‡ev| cvVK‡`i †gvUvgywU GKUv avibv †`qvB Avgv‡`i G cÖ‡Póv|

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bxjaŸ‡Ri ci Zvui cyÎ PµaŸR ivRv n‡q ivRZ¡ Ki‡jb 1480wLª÷vã ch©š—| ZLb †MŠ‡oi myjZvb i“KbDÏxb iveeK kvn (ivRZ¡Kvj 1459wLª.-1476wLª.)| evieK kvn‡K evsjvi Ab¨Zg †kªô myjZvb ejv nq| wZwb KvgZv ivR¨ `L‡ji Rb¨ kvn BmgvBj MvRx bvgK GK †mbvcwZ‡K iscy‡i †cÖiY K‡ib| BmgvBj MvRx wQ‡jb GKRb Ava¨vwZ¥K kw³-m¤úbœ †mbvcwZ| exi weµ‡g hy× K‡i wZwb iscyi A‡ji GK ivRv Kv‡gk¦i‡K civwRZ K‡i Bmjvg a‡g© `x¶v †`b| Zvi GB exiZ¡ mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv †NvovNvU `y‡M©i Aa¨¶ fv›`vmx ivq| wZwb Pµvš— K‡i i“KbDÏxb evieK kvn‡K wg_¨v wPwV w`‡q Rvbv‡jb, kvn& BmgvBj MvRx KvgZv ivR¨ weRq K‡i wb‡R‡K ¯^vaxb ivRv wnmv‡e †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| G Lei ï‡b eieK kvn †i‡M Av¸b n‡q Zvu‡K kv‡q¯—v Kivi Rb¨ weivU GK evwnbx cvVv‡jb fv›`vmx iv‡qi †bZ…‡Z¡|

BmgvBj MvRx‡K Zvuiv AvµgY Ki‡jv †cQb †_‡K AZwK©Z| ZLb wZwb bvgvR cowQ‡jb| Zv‡K e›`x Kiv n‡jv| wZwb m‡½ wKQyB wb‡Z cvi‡jb bv| Kvco-†Pvco, RvqbvgvR c‡o ivB‡jv| Zuvi hy×v¯¿wUi bvg wQ‡jv M`v †mUvI c‡o iB‡jv †mLv‡b| BwZnvm cv‡V Rvbv hvq, Zuvi †`n‡K 4 UzK&iv Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| `yB UyK&iv †d‡j hvq cxiM‡Ä| †mLv‡b eowejvq mgvwnZ Kiv nq GK UzK&iv Ges Aci UzK&iv `vdb Kiv nq Kuvš—`~qv‡i| hvi AvR‡Ki bvg KvuUv`yqvi| Z…Zxq UzK&iv‡K Kei †`Iqv nq †NvovNv‡U| Avi g¯—KwU wb‡q hvIqv nq eieK kv‡ni Kv‡Q| †mB gv_vi gvRvi AvR ûMjx †Rjvi gv›`vi‡Y| Avi M`v‡K †hLv‡b `vdb Kiv n‡jv, ZviB bvg eo`iMv| eo`iMv Ae¯’xZ cxiM‡Ä|

c‡i Avmj mZ¨ cÖKvk n‡jv| evieK kvn Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb, GUv fv›`vmx iv‡qi Pµvš— BmgvBj MvRx KLbB ¯^vaxb ivR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ibwb| c‡i †eCgvb, wg_¨vev`x fv›`vmx ivq‡K g„Z¨y`‡Û `wÛZ Ki‡jb evieK kvn| Avi ¯^xq fy‡ji Rb¨ AbyZß n‡q BmgvBj MvRxi gvRv‡i G‡m gvd PvB‡jb|

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g„Zz¨i ci RbMY Zv‡K MvRx Dcvwa †`q Ges m¤§v‡bi m‡½ Zvi gvRvi‡K msi¶Y K‡i| cÖm½Z D‡j­L¨ †h, ga¨hy‡Mi g½j KweivI †`e‡`ex I cx‡ii e›`bvq kvn BmgvBj MvRxiI e›`bv K‡i‡Qb| BmgvBj MvRx knx` nb 1474 wLªóv‡ã|

GLb cÖkœ n‡jv, ZLb KvgZv iv‡R¨i ivRv wQ‡jb PµaŸR| Kv‡gk¦i †K? A‡bK M‡elYv K‡iI BwZnvmwe`iv G Z_¨ D×vi Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| welqUv Zgmv”Qbœ n‡q i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Avgv‡`i aviYv m¤¢eZ PµaŸ‡Ri †mbvcwZ n‡eb Kv‡gk¦i| ÔwimvjvZ-B-kynv`vqÕ †jLv i‡q‡Q BmgvBj MvRx KvgZv ivR¨ `Lj Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| Z‡e Zuvi A‡jŠwKK gwngv †`‡L gy» n‡q Kv‡gk¦i AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡ib|

PµaŸ‡Ri ci Zvi cyÎ bxjv¤^i (ivRZ¡Kvj:1480wLª.-1498wLª.) ivRv n‡jb| bxjv¤^‡ii ivRavbx wQ‡jv †KvPwenv‡ii KvgZvcyi| Zvi iv‡R¨i mxgv `w¶‡Y †NvovNvU ch©š— we¯Z…Z wQ‡jv| ivR¨‡K myiw¶Z Kivi Rb¨ iscy‡ii f~wg‡Z wZwb K‡qKwU `yM© evbvb| Zvi GKwU MvBevÜv mv`yj¨vcyi Dc‡Rjvi QqNi Ges AciwU †NvovNv‡U| nvivMv‡Qi aygMo I bxjv¤^‡ii KxwZ© e‡j ÔKvDwbqv Dc‡Rjvi BwZnvmÕ MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb gyn¤§` Aveyj Kv‡kg| Avi GKwU `yM© m‡½ Avevm evbvb cxiM‡Äi PZivq| ivRevwowU G‡Zv wekvj I my›`i †h, c‡i H GKvjvKvUvi bvg nq my›`icyi| ivRevwowU‡K myiw¶Z Kivi Rb¨ bxjv¤^i Gi PZzw`©‡K cwiLv Lbb Kivb| cwiLvwUi Rwgi cwigvY 90 GKi| Ôbxj `wiqvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| `wiqvi wejI ejv nq| Avi 600 GKi Rwgi Dci evwowU| Gi PZzw`©‡K DPz †`qvj w`‡q †Niv| †`qv‡ji D”PZv 20© dzU| PZzw`©‡K i‡q‡Q wZbwU i¶v cÖvPxi | AvR ivRevwoi feb A¶Z Ae¯’vq bv  _vK‡jI aŸsmve‡kl i‡q‡Q| mviv iscyi †Rjvq cÖvPxb HwZn¨evnx ¯’v‡bi  g‡a¨ GUv †kªô| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cÖZœZË¡ wefvM eZ©gv‡b GB HwZn¨ i¶vi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Q| Z_¨myÎ: Ôevsjv‡`k †Rjv †M‡RUxqvi iscyi, 1990 ; c„ôv-453|

bxjv¤^‡ii Av‡iv KxwZ© KzwoMÖv‡g †`Lv hvq| †mLv‡b ivRvinvU Dc‡Rjvi cv½vq GKwU wkegw›`i evbvb wZwb| bxjv¤^i hLb KvgZv iv‡R¨i ivRv, ZLb †MŠo-e‡½i AwacwZ iscyi b›`b AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn&| AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn Zvi Dcvwa| cÖK…Z bvg mvC` †nv‡mb | †MŠ‡oi nvekx myjZvb kvgmyÏxb gyRvd&di kv‡ni DRxi wQ‡jb wZwb| c‡i GK Af~¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g †MŠ‡oi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| ivRZ¡ K‡ib 1493wLª.-1519wLª.ch©š— 26eQi| GB û‡mb kvn‡K ejv nq evsjvi †kªô myjZvb| Avi Zuvi Avgj‡K ejv nq evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i ¯^Y©hyM| ïay evsjv Avi wenvi bq; Dwol¨vi wKq`skmn wekvj GK iv‡R¨i AwacwZ n‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| †MŠ‡oi †mvbv gmwR‡`i wbg©vZv wZwb| mviv e½ fvi‡Z wZwb AmsL¨ gmwR` wbg©vY K‡ib| m¤cÖwZ GKUv bZzb Z_¨ cÖKvk n‡jv, A‡hva¨vq eveix gmwR‡`i wbg©vZvI iscy‡ii GB nx‡ii UzKiv mš—vb AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn| G-Z_¨ jÛ‡bi wgDwRqv‡g iw¶Z cÖvPxb BwZnvm MÖš’ †_‡K D×vi K‡ib †Kivjvi GK we`» cwÛZ| mgªvU evei A‡hva¨vi Mnxb Ai‡Y¨ e¨vNÖ wkKv‡i G‡m GB gmwR‡` bvgvR c‡owQ‡jb e‡j c‡i Gi bvg eveix gmwR`| evei wQ‡jb û‡mb kv‡ni mgmvgwqK| Z‡e evei ZL‡bv w`wj­ Rq Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| wZwb w`wj­ `Lj K‡i †gvMj ivR‡Z¡i m~Pbv Ki‡jb û‡mb kv‡ni g„Zz¨i 7 eQi c‡i 1526 wLªóv‡ã|

KvgZv iv‡R¨ †div hvK Gevi | bxjv¤^i wbwe©‡Nœ KvgZv ivR¨ kvmb K‡i P‡j‡Qb| AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn ZLb w`wj­i KZ…©Z¡ †_‡K †MŠ‡oi ¯^vaxbZv wb‡q e¨¯—| e¨¯— bvbv ms¯‹vi I RbKj¨vYg~jK Kv‡R| wb‡Ri gvZ…f~wgi w`‡K bRi †`qvi mgq cvbwb| my‡hvMI Av‡mwb|

wKš‘ Gi g‡a¨ GKUv myeY© my‡hvM G‡m ‡Mj| bxjv¤^i Avi Zvi gš¿x †kvPxcv‡Îi g‡a¨ GKevi GKUv gvivZ¥K msNvZ †eu‡a †M‡jv| msNv‡Zi g~j KviY †kvPxcv‡Îi cyÎ| †mB cyÎ ivRivYxi cÖwZ A‰ea Avmw³ cÖKvk Ki‡j, bxjv¤^i Zvi Kov wePvi K‡ib| wePv‡ii iv‡q ejv n‡jv, Acivax‡K nZ¨v K‡i Zvi gvsm ivbœv Kiv n‡e Ges †mB gvsm †L‡Z n‡e wcZv †kvPxcv·K| wePv‡ii GB wbôzi ivq ï‡b †kvPxcvÎ wePwjZ n‡q co‡jb| †k‡l †Mvc‡b †MŠ‡o wM‡q  AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kv‡ni kiYvcbœ n‡jb †kvPxcvÎ|

GiKg GKUv PgrKvi my‡hvM nvivevi cvÎ bb û‡mb kvn| wZwb GKRb †mbvcwZi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU ˆmb¨evwnbx cvVv‡jb iscy‡ii w`‡K; KvgZvcy‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨| ïi“‡Z bxjv¤^i exi weµ‡g û‡mb kv‡ni evwnbx‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡jb| ZLb †mbvcwZ bxjv¤^i‡K ej‡jb, wZwb †MŠ‡o wd‡i †h‡Z Pvb Ges kvwš— Zv‡`i Kvg¨| Z‡e hvIqvi c~‡e© ivRivbx‡K mb¥vb cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ Zvi m‡½ mv¶vr K‡i †fU w`‡Z Pvb| G cÖ¯—ve gÄyi n‡jv| ZLb û‡mb kv‡ni ˆmb¨-QvDbx †_‡K ivRevwoi †fZi wKQy ‡mweKv hvq| Zv‡Z bvixi QÙ‡e‡k ˆmb¨ wQ‡jv| Zviv AZwK©Z AvµgY K‡i bxjv¤^i‡K e›`x K‡i †MŠ‡o cvVvevi e¨e¯’v Ki‡jb| wKš‘ †MŠ‡o hvIqvi mgq bxjv¤^ei cvwj‡q †h‡Z m¶g nq| c‡i Avi Zvi mÜvb cvIqv hvqwb| iscy‡ii GB weL¨vZ ivRv nvwi‡q †M‡jb wPiw`‡bi Rb¨|

1519wLªóv‡ã AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn& B‡š—Kvj Ki‡j Zuvi †R¨ôcyÎ bvwmiDÏxb bymivZ kvn& †MŠ‡oi  wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| bymivZ kvn Zuvi ivR¨ c~‡e© †mvbviMuv ch©š— we¯—vi K‡iwQ‡jb| û‡mb kvn& g„Zz¨Kv‡j 18 Rb cyÎ †i‡L hvb| †mB cy·`i Aat¯—b eskaiMY Av‡Rv kvLv-cÖkvLv we¯—vi K‡i emevm Ki‡Qb DËie‡½i wewfbœ GjvKvq| Zv‡`iB bv‡gi c`ex kvû| KviY kvn& dvwm© kã, Gi A_© ev`kvn| Z‡e cxi-dwKi Ges AvDwjqvivI bv‡gi m‡½ kvn wj‡L _v‡Kb| GB kv‡ni A_© dwKi| bIMuv †Rjvaxb †cvk©vq kvû Dcvwaavix ag©cÖvY †m mg¯— weËkvjx †jvK Av‡Qb, ZvivI m¤¢eZ AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kv‡ni Wvjcvjv| kvn& kãwU Acåsk i“c kvû|

bxjv¤^‡ii iv‡R¨ †div hvK Gevi| bxjv¤^i wb‡LvR n&Iqvi ci ci cyiv †KvPwenvi Ges iscyi AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kv‡ni `L‡j G‡jv| wZwb H mgq †ek K‡qKwU gmwR` wbg©vY Kiv‡jb KvgZv iv‡R¨| KuvUv`yqv‡ii GKwU gmwR` †_‡K cvIqv wkjvwjwc Zvi cÖgvY| m¨vi GWIqvW© †MB‡Ui Ô History of Assam’ MÖš’ cv‡V Rvbv hvq, û‡mb kvn KvgZv Kvgi“c Rq K‡i Zvi cyÎ `vwb‡qj‡K †mLvbKvi kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ K‡ib| wKš‘ Avmvg ch©š— ivR¨ we¯—vi Ki‡Z e¨_© nb|

cieZx©Kv‡j û‡mb kv‡ni cyÎ `vwb‡qj‡K civwRZ I weZvwoZ K‡i H kZvãx‡Z KvgZvcy‡i GK bZzb ivResk cÖwZwóZ nq| †KvPwenv‡i ZLb †KvP‡`i `jcwZ wQ‡jb nv‡Rv|| nv‡Rvi  †Kv‡bv cyÎ wQ‡jv bv| Zvi wQ‡jv `yB Kb¨v|

wRiv Avi wniv| wRivi `yB cyÎ P›`b Avi g`b| Avi wnivi `yB cyÎ wkï I weï| weïB †KvPwenv‡ii cÖ_g gnvivRv wek¦wmsn| Avi wkï ˆeKzÚcy‡ii Rwg`vix jvf K‡i nb wkl¨wmsn| ˆeKzÚcyi eZ©gv‡b RjcvB¸wo †Rjvi Aš—©MZ| wek¦wmsn gviv hvb 1533 wLªóv‡ã|

‡`oWRb cZœxi cwZ Ges 18Rb cy‡Îi wcZv gnvivRv wek¦wms‡ni †R¨ô-PvicyÎ biwmsn, bibvivqY, ïK¬aŸR (wPjvivq) Ges KgjbvivqY| ivRKxq wbqg Abyhvqx †R¨ôcÎ biwms‡ni wmsnvm‡b emvi K_v| wKš‘ Awf‡lK Abyôv‡bi w`b GKUv gRvi NUbv NU‡jv| eªv¤§b cwÛZMb Awf‡l‡Ki e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Qb| Awf‡lK Abyô‡b ivRcwiev‡ii mevB Dcw¯’Z| Dcw¯’Z A‡bK MY¨gvb¨ e¨vw³ Ges wbgwš¿Z AwZw_iv| mfvi KvR ïi“ n‡Z hv‡”Q, Ggb mgq †`Lv †M‡jv bibvivq‡Yi ¯¿x ivRmfvi w`‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Qb| G `„k¨ †`‡L Dcw¯’Z mevB we¯§‡q nZevK| wZwb G‡m fvmyi biwmsn‡K cÖ_‡g cÖYvg Ki‡jb, Zvici ej‡jb, cÖfy Avgvi we‡qi mgq Avcwb Avkxev©` K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb , ivRivYx nI| wKš‘ cÖfy Avcwb ivRv n‡j †Zv Avcbvi Avkxev©` wg_¨v n‡q hv‡e| Avgvi ivRivYx nIqv Avi †Kvbw`b n‡e bv| G K_v e‡j wZwb gv_v wbPz K‡i _vK‡jb| Zici ej‡jb, gv Avgvi Avkxe©v` †Zv Avi wg‡_¨ nevi bq| hv e‡jwQjvg ZvB n‡e| Avwg Avi ivRv n‡ev bv| bibvivqbB †KvPwenv‡ii ivRv n‡e| GUvB n‡jv iscy‡ii gvwUi ¸Y| iscy‡ii gvby‡li g‡bi D`viZv| w`wj­i †gvMj hyeivR‡`i wVK D‡ëv| †mLv‡b ivRgyKz‡Ui wjávq GK fvB Aci fvB‡K nZ¨v K‡i| fvB‡qi †PvL AÜ K‡i ivRvm‡bi †jvf wPiZ‡i wgwk‡q ‡`q Aci fvB| †mB fvM¨vnZ fvB‡qi bvg KvgivY Ges wbôzi fvB‡qi bvg ûgvDb|

mwZ¨ mwZ¨ bibvivqY †KvPwenv‡ii gnvivRv n‡jb| Avi Zvi cÖavb †mbvcwZ n‡jb ZviB AbyR ïK¬aŸR Ii‡d wPjvivq| wPjviv‡qi Rb¥ 1510 wLª÷v‡ã gvN gv‡mi c~wY©gv wZw_‡Z| Avi Mv‡qi iO dm©v wQ‡jv e‡jB Zvi bvg n‡qwQ‡jv ïK¬aŸR| Z‡e wZwb hy×,msMÖvg fv‡jvevm‡Zb e‡j Zuvi Dcvwa wQ‡jv ÔmsMÖvg wmsnÕ wP‡ji g‡Zv †Qv gvivi g‡Zv kµ wkwe‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i wbw`©ó kµ‡K LZg Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb e‡j Zvi Aci bvg nq wPjv ivq| wPjv iv‡qi bv‡gi ¯§„wZ bxjdvgvixi wPjvnvwU †ij‡÷kbwU| Avi wPjv iv‡qi mnawg©Yxi bv‡gi ¯§„wZ wPjvnvwUi mvgvb¨ wKQy `y‡i RjcvB¸wo‡Z †ngKzgvix MÖvg|

bibvivqY †KvPwenv‡i wmsnvm‡b e‡mB †R¨ôåvZv biwmsn‡K cv½v ciMYvi Rwg`vix †`b| cv½vi cÖvPxb bvg Ô†Kv‡Uk¦iÕ| eZ©gv‡b KzwoMÖvg †Rjvi ivRvinvU Dc‡Rjvi wmbvB BDwbq‡b Aew¯’Z GB cv½v| Ôiscy‡ii cÖvPxb BwZnvmÕ MÖ‡š’ W.gyn¤§` gwbi“¾vgvb wj‡L‡Qb, cv½vi ivR cwievi †KvPwenvi iv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv wek¦wmsn D™¢~Z GKwU kvLv| †KvPwenvi iv‡R¨i ivRavbx wQ‡jv †KvPwenvi| †KvPwenvi kn‡i †`Levi g‡Zv wRwbm wZbwU, gnvivRvi cÖvmv`, g`b‡gvn‡bi gw›`i Ges mvMi`xwN|

Gevi †`Lv hvK, GB iv‡R¨i we¯Z…wZ K‡Zv`~i ch©š— wQ‡jv| Ges Gi Aax‡b iscyi A‡j Aew¯’Z ciMYv I PvKjv¸‡jvi bvg wK|

ciMYv wQ‡jv 4wU Ges PvKjv `ywU| K‡qKwU ciMYv ev K‡qKwU Rwg`vix G‡ó‡Ui mgwó‡K PvKjv e‡j|

ciMYv 4wU n‡jv 

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1. KvwKbv (eZ©gvb jvjgwYinv‡U)

2. cvUMÖvg (eZ©gv‡b jvjgwYinv‡Ui GKwU Dc‡Rjv)

3. c~e©fvM (KzwoMÖv‡gi dzjevwo Dc‡Rjvi c~e© bvg ) Ges

4. ‡ev`v (eZ©gv‡b cÂMo †Rjvaxb GKwU Dc‡Rjv)

PvKjv 2wU n‡jv

1.Kvwh©i nvU PvKjv

Kvwh©i nvU PvKjv ej‡Z cyiv bxjvdvgvix †Rjv‡K †evSvq| eis G K_v wbwשavq ejv hvq, AvR‡Ki ¶z`ªZi bxjdvgvix †Rjvi eZ©gv‡bi †P‡q Kvwh©invU PvKjvi AvqZb GKUz †ekxB| bxjdvix †Rjvi eZ©gv‡b AvqZb 635 eM©gvBj| A_P Kvwh©invU PvKjvi AvqZb wQ‡jv 719 eM©gvBj| GB PvKjv 5wU Rwg`vix‡Z wef³ wQj|

1. Kvwh©invU ciMYv (bxjdvgvix‡Z)

2. wWgjv ciMYv (bxjdvgvixi GKwU Dc‡Rjv)

3. †Ucv ciMYv (iscy‡i gvbvm b`xi Zx‡i KvDwbqv Dc‡Rjvq)

4. ZzlfvÛvi G‡óU  (jvjgwYinvU †Rjvq)

5. gnxcyi G‡÷U (iscyi M½Pov Dc‡Rjvq)

L. d‡Zncyi PvKjv

d‡Zncyi PvKjvi Aax‡b wQ‡jv 4wU ciMYv I 1wU Rwg`vix G‡÷U| †m¸‡jv n‡jv-

1.      d‡Zncyi ciMYv (†K›`ª¯’j iscyi cxiMvQv Dc‡Rjvaxb BUvKzgvix)

2.     gš’Yv ciMYv (iscy‡ii cxiMvQv Dc‡Rjvq)

3.     evgbWv½v (MvBevÜvi my›`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvq)

4.     cv½v ciMYv (KzwoMÖv‡gi ivRvinvU Dc‡Rjvq) Ges

5.     NwoqvjWv½v Rwg`vix G‡óU (KzwoMÖv‡gi ivRvinvU Dc‡Rjvq)

Gevi Avgiv wKQy mg‡qi Rb¨ GKUz `~‡i P‡j hv‡ev| `~‡i| eû`~‡i| w`wj­‡Z| w`wj­‡Z

hv‡ev G Rb¨B †h, w`wj­ †mB we¯§„wZ AZxZ †_‡K mviv fviZe‡l©i ivRbxwZi †K›`we›`y| w`wj­B wbqš¿Y K‡i‡Q mgMÖ fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ| †gvMj Avg‡ji c~‡e© myjZvbx Avg‡jI w`wj­i gymwjg myjZvbiv evi evi AvNvZ †n‡b‡Qb evsjvq| Ggb Kx †mB Avw` hy‡M cuvP nvRvi eQi Av‡MI †`‡LwQ Kzi“‡¶‡Îi hy‡× iscy‡ii kvmK ivRv fM`Ë AskMÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb MRv‡ivnx evwnbx wb‡q| †mB Kzi“‡¶‡Îi gvV w`wj­i Dˇi| H hy‡M w`wj­ wQ‡jv nw¯—bvcyi iv‡R¨i cvÛe ivRv‡`i ivRavbx| ZLb w`wj­i bvg wQ‡jv B›`ªcÖ¯’| w`wj­ kn‡i B›`ªcÖ¯’ bv‡g Av‡Rv GKwU ¯’vb Av‡Q|

Avgiv †ekx `~‡i hv‡ev bv| hv‡ev w`wj­‡Z gymwjg ivRkw³i DÌvb †_‡K| gyn¤§` Nyix AvdMvwb¯’vb †_‡K †Nvovi wc‡V e‡m fvi‡Z G‡m w`wj­i wn›`y ivRv c„w_¡ivR‡K hy‡× civwRZ K‡iB ce©cÖ_g fvi‡Zi ey‡K gymwjg AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôv Ki‡jb| w`wj­ `Lj K‡i wZwb _vK‡jb bv| Zvi wek¦¯— †mbvcwZ KzZze DÏxb AvB‡eK‡K kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ K‡i ¯^‡`‡k wd‡i †M‡jb| 1206 wLªóv‡ã wbtmš—vb Ae¯’vq wZwb gviv †M‡jb| ZLb w`wj­i me©gq KZ©v n‡jb KzZzeDÏxb AvB‡eK| H eQi evsjvi gvwU‡Z NvZ‡Ki QywiKvNv‡Z cÖvY nviv‡jb, evsjvi cÖ_g gymwjg kvmK BLwZqviDÏxb gyn¤§`-web-eLwZqvi LjRx| wLjRx‡K evsjv I wenvi Rq Kivi Rb¨ Aby‡cÖiYv RywM‡qwQ‡jb KzZzeDÏxb AvB‡eK|

cÖ_g Rxe‡b KzZzeDÏxb AvB‡eK gyn¤§` Nyixi µxZ`vm wQ‡jb| ¯^xq †hvM¨Zv, Kg©`¶Zv Ges ¸‡Yi e‡j wZwb cÖ_‡g ˆmwbK Ges c‡i ‡mbvcwZi c` Aj¼„Z K‡ib| ZvB GB ivResk‡K Ô`vmeskÕ ejv nq| `vm es‡ki †kªó myjZvb BjZzrwgk| wZwbI µxZ`vm wQ‡jb| KzZzeDÏxb AvB‡eK Zuv‡K D”Pg~‡j¨ Lwi` K‡iwQ‡jb| ¯^xq †hvM¨Zvi e‡j wZwbI Zuvi cÖfyi g‡Zv w`wj­i mgªvU nb| cÖm½Z D‡j­L¨ †h, AvRwg‡i LvRv gCb DÏxb wPkwZ (in.) Gi mgvwa¯’v‡b `iMv wbg©vY ïi“ K‡ib BjZzrwgk Ges †kl K‡ib †gvMj mgªvU ûgvDb| BjZzrwg‡ki mgq w`wj­i cÖfve evsjvq wQ‡jv| BLwZqvi DÏxb gyn¤§`-web-eLwZqvi wLjRxi g„Zz¨i ci evsjvi Aci wLjRx kvmKiv w`wj­i myjZv‡bi AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi K‡ib| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg BLwZqvi DÏx‡bi NvZK Avwj g`©vb, whwb ÔAvjvDÏxb wLjRxÕ bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ| Zvi eskaiMY wLjRx Dcvwa wb‡q cieZx©Kv‡j evsjvq ivRZ¡ K‡ib hyM hyM a‡i| cÖvq wZbkZ eQi|

1227 wLªóv‡ã BjZzrwg‡ki  †R¨ôcyÎ bvwmiDÏxb gvngy` evsjvi myjZvb wMqvmDÏxb BIR wLjRx‡K civwRZ I nZ¨v K‡i cwðge½ j¶YveZx weRq K‡ib| wKš‘ ZL‡bv Ki‡Zvqvi c~e© Zx‡ii Kvgi“c ivR¨ (iscyi) w`wj­i cÖfve gy³| BjZzrwg‡ki mgq 1221wLª÷v‡ã †gv½j exi †Pw½m Lvui AvMgb fviZe‡l© | BjZzrwg‡ki RxweZ _vK‡ZB Zvi †R¨ôcyÎ bvwmiDÏxb gvngy` gviv †M‡jb| Aci cyÎiv Ac`v_© Ges g`c¨ nIqvq g„Zz¨i c~‡e©B my‡hvM¨v Kb¨v myjZvbv ivwRqv‡K wmsnv‡mi DËivwaKvi `vb K‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb| myjZvbv ivwRqv 1236wLª. ‡_‡K 1234wLª ch©š— 4 eQi ivRZ¡ Ki‡jb| gviv †M‡jb NvZ‡Ki nv‡Z| `vmesk 1290wLª.ch©š— 84 eQi w`wj­‡Z ivRZ¡ K‡ib|

Gici w`wj­‡Z G‡jv wLjRx esk| GB ivResk w`wj­‡Z ivRZ¡ Ki‡jv 1320wLªóv‡ã ch©š— 30 eQi| wLjRx es‡ki †kªó myjZvb AvjvDÏxb wLjRx|

wLjRx es‡ki cZ‡bi ci w`wj­‡Z Avwef©e n‡jv Avi GK bZzb ivRes‡ki| Zvi bvg ZzNjK esk| Gu‡`i ivRZ¡Kvj wQ‡jv 1320wLª÷vã †_‡K 1413 wLª÷vã ch©š— 93 eQi| GB ivRes‡ki me©‡kªô myjZvb gyn¤§` web ZzNjK| gyn¤§` web ZyNjK evsjvq Awfhvb Pvwj‡q myjZvb dKi“Ïxb gyeviK kvn‡K hy‡× civwRZ I e›`x K‡i w`wj­‡Z wb‡q wM‡q nZ¨v K‡ib| GB dKzi“Ïxb gyeviK kvn wQ‡jb evsjvi cÖ_g ¯^vaxb myjZvb| Zvi ivRavbx wQ‡jv †mvbviMuv| wZwb 11 eQi a‡i ¯^vaxbfv‡e ivRZ¡ K‡ib| wbR bv‡g wZwb ‡mvbviMuv‡qi UvKkvj †_‡K gy`ªv ˆZix K‡ib| GUvB Zuvi Aciva| Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv HwZnvmwe` e‡jb, dKi“Ïxb gyeviKkv‡ni ¯^vfvweK g„Z¨ n‡qwQj|

Gici ‰mq` esk 37 eQi Ges †jv`x esk 75 eQi ivRZ¡ Ki‡jv| 1526 wLªóv‡ã cvwbc‡_i hy‡× Beªvnxg †jv`x‡K civwRZ I nZ¨v K‡i w`wj­i wmsnvm‡b em‡jb evei| ïi“ n‡jv †gvMj ivR‡Z¡i|         

Gevi w`wj­i †gvMj mgªvU‡`i Ici Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡e| evei w`wj­‡Z †gvMj ivR‡Z¡i m~ÎcvZ K‡i †ewk`~i AMÖmi n‡Z cvi‡jb bv| KivY, Gici Avi †ewkw`b euv‡Pbwb wZwb| 1530 wLª÷v‡ã wZwb gviv ‡M‡jb| ev`kvnx Ki‡jb gvÎ 4 eQi| Zvui Awš—g B”Qvbyhvqx g„Zz¨i ci Zvu‡K mgvwnZ Kiv n‡jv Avcb gvZ…f~wg Kvey‡j|

Gici w`wj­i wmsnvm‡b em‡jb Zuvi cyÎ ûgvDb| ûgvD‡bi Rxe‡b A‡bK DÌvb-cZb n‡q‡Q| ivR¨-nviv n‡q `k eQi cvwj‡q †eovb| gvSLv‡b Zuvi ¯’v‡b w`wj­‡Z ev`kvnx K‡ib †kikvn| †m A‡bK BwZnvm| Z‡e †MŠo weRq K‡i ûgvDb Gi bZzb bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb RvbœvZvev`|

evsjvi cÖK…wZK †mŠ›`h© Zuv‡K G‡ZvB gy» K‡iwQ‡jv †h, wZwb †MŠo‡K RvbœvZ ev †e‡nkZ e‡j‡Qb| Ki‡Zvqv †cwi‡q wZwb hw` iscyi weRq Ki‡Zb, Avi Kvgi“‡ci SY©v avivi Aci“c i“c-‡mŠ›`h© †`L‡Zb Zvn‡j nq‡Zv ev e‡jB ‡dj‡Zb RvbœvZzj †di‡`Šm|

ûgvq‡bi ci mgªvU n‡jb AvKei 1556 wLª÷v‡ã| †gvMj ivRes‡ki me©‡kªô ev`kvn wQ‡jb AvKei| wZwb wbi¶i wQ‡jb e‡U, wKš‘ Zuvi Ávb wccvmv cÖej wQ‡jv| Ávbx-¸Yx Ges weØvb‡`i wZwb kª×v Ki‡Zb| GB mgq †gvMj ¯’vcZ¨, ivRcyZ wPÎKjv, †UvWig‡ji f~wgms¯‹vi, ˆdwRi KweZv, exie‡ji cwinvm, Zzjmx`v‡mi Kve¨ Ges Aveyj dR‡ji BZnv‡m me©v½xY DbœwZ jvf K‡i fviZel©| Aveyj dRj ÔAvBb-B-AvKeixÕ MÖ‡š’ AvKe‡ii Rxebx iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zv cv‡V Rvbv hvq, AvKei Zvi wekvj mvgªvR¨ fviZ‡K A‡bK¸‡jv myevq (cÖ‡`‡k) wef³ K‡ib| myevi kvmbKZ©v‡K myev`vi ejv n‡Zv| cÖwZwU myev‡K Avevi K‡qKwU miKv‡i (†Rjvq) fvM Kiv nq| miKv‡ii kvmK‡K ejv n‡Zv †dŠR`vi| ev½vjvn  myevi Aax‡b 23 wU miKvi wQ‡jv| Gi 5wU Dwoq¨vq, 8wU cwðge‡½ Ges 10wU c~e©e‡½| c~e©e‡½i miKvi¸‡jv n‡jv, 1.miKvi cv‡Äiv, 2.miKvi evRynv, 3. miKvi eeKvev`, 4. miKvi wmjnvU (wm‡jU), 5. miKvi evKjv (ewikvj), 6.miKvi PvUMuv (PUªMÖvg),7. miKv †mvbviMuv, 8. miKvi d‡Znvev` (dwi`cyi), 9.miKvi LwjdvZvev` (Lyjbv) Ges 10. miKvi †NvovNvU| H hy‡M GB †NvovNv‡Ui Aax‡b wQj iscyi| Avevi cieZx©Kv‡j iscy‡ii Aax‡b nq †NvovNvU| Kw_Z Av‡Q, Ki‡Zvqvi Zx‡i GB ¯’v‡b ivRv weiv‡Ui †Nvovi Av¯—vej wQ‡jv e‡j Gi bvg †NvovNvU|

 ÔAvBb-B-AvKeix‡Z Av‡iv †jLv n‡q‡Q, GB †NvovNvU miKv‡ii Aax‡b 84wU ciMYv wQ‡jv| Gi evwl©K ivR¯^ Avq wQ‡jv 83,83072`vg / UvKv| KzÛx ciMYv, evZvmb ciMYv (wgVvcyKzi-e`iMÄ), minUªv ciMYv (wgVvcyKzi-dzj‡PŠwK) †ivKbcyi ciMYv, cvqive›` ciMYv, gwKgcyi ciMYv,evM`yqvi ciMYv, MvBevÜvi mvNvUv I ZzjkxNvU ciMYv¸‡jv †NvovNvU miKv‡ii Aax‡b wQj| ZLb iscy‡ii DËi A‡ji ciMYv¸‡jv wQ‡jv ¯^vaxb †KvPwenvi iv‡R¨i Aaxb| †m weeiY Avgiv Av‡MB w`‡qwQ| Z‡e GUv wVK, †NvovNvU miKv‡ii Aax‡b AwaKvsk ciMYv wQj w`bvRcy‡i| ZvB cieZx©Kv‡j †NvovNvU †_‡K m`i `ßi ¯’vbvš—i nq w`bvRcy‡i|

evsjvi myev`vi _vKvKvjxb ivRv gvbwmsn Amy¯’¨ n‡q wKQy`wb †NvovNv‡U wQ‡jb| Gici my¯’¨ n‡q Kvgi“c Awfhv‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ AMÖmi nb KzÛx n‡q| KzÛxi †K›`ª k¨vgcyi †ij-†÷k‡bi gvBj `y‡qK c~e© `w¶Y †Kv‡Y| ¯’vbUvi bvg cvwjPov| cvwjPov bvg GL‡bv envj Av‡Q| Z‡e KzÛxi ivRevwoi ¯’vbUvi cieZx©Kv‡j bvg nq m`¨tcy¯‹wiYx| GB bvgKi‡Yi cðv‡Z GKUv BwZnvm Av‡Q| †m BwZnvm Avgiv eY©bv K‡iwQ HwZnvwmK ¯’vb Ô†MvcvjcyiÕ wk‡ivbv‡g| ZvB cybivq ejvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| m`¨tcy¯‹wiYx c‡i nq iscyi m`i Dc‡Rjvaxb GKwU BDwbqb|

H mgq †mvbviMvu Gi ¶gZvai kvmK Cmv Lvu| Cmv Lvu wQ‡jb evsjvi ¯^vaxb Ôev‡iv f~uBqvÕ ivRv‡`i g‡a¨ me©‡kªô| Zvi f‡q †QvU †QvU iv‡R¨i ivRviv m`v K¤úgvb _vK‡Zv| Cmv Lvu GKevi †KvPwenvi Avµg‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡jb| G Lei ï‡b †KvPwenv‡ii gnvivRv j¶èxbvivqY Nve‡o †M‡jb| wZwb gvbwms‡ni mvnvh¨ PvB‡jb Ges †gvMj mgªv‡Ui ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi Ki‡jb| ZLb eÜz‡Z¡i nvZ‡K my`„p Kivi Rb¨ wZwb ¯^xq fMœx cÖfveZx †`ex‡K gvbwms‡ni m‡½ we‡q w`‡jb| m‡½ m‡½ gvbwmsn n‡q †M‡jb, iscy‡ii RvgvB| mgqUv 1596wLª÷vã|

Z‡e GB AvbyMZ¨ ¯’vqx wQ‡jv bv| c‡i †gvMj-cÖfyZ¡ A¯^xKvi K‡i †KvPwenv‡ii gnvivRv| ZvB Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, cieZx©Kv‡j Ab¨vb¨ †gvMj myev`viiv evi evi †KvPwenvi Avµgb K‡ib| nvq`vi Avjx †PŠayix Ôcjvkx hy‡×vËi Avhv`x msMÖv‡gi cv`cxVÕ MÖ‡š’ wVKB e‡j‡Qb, -->

 iscy‡ii gvbyl ¯^vaxb‡PZv| Giv †Mvjvgx Ki‡Z cQ›` K‡i bv| Avi †cvlv KzKz‡ii g‡Zv cÖfyi cv‡qi Kv‡Q e‡m †jR bvo‡Z Rv‡b bv|mgªvU AvKei ARxY© †iv‡M 63 eQi eq‡m gviv †M‡jb 1605 wLªóv‡ã| †i‡L †M‡jb GKwU gvÎ RxweZ cyÎ byi“Ïxb gyn¤§` †mwjg‡K| †mwjg ÔRvnv½xiÕ Dcvwa wb‡q gv_vq ivRgyKzU ci‡jb| n‡jb w`wj­i mgªvU| wZwb Bmjvg Lvb‡K evsjvi myev`vi K‡i cvVv‡jb| ivRgnj ZLb evsjvi ivRavbx| evsjv I wenv‡ii gv‡S gvj`‡ni Kv‡Q Gi Ae¯’vb| ¯’vbvš—wiZ K‡i ivRgnj †_‡K ivRavbx XvKvq Avb‡jb Bmjvg Lvb| bvg w`‡jb Rvnv½xibMi| wKš‘ c‡i †m bvg wU‡Kwb| XvKv-B envj _v‡K| ïay wU‡K Av‡Q Bmjvg Lv‡bi bv‡gi ¯§„wZ cyi‡bv XvKvi Bmjvgcyi †ivW|

Bmjvg Lv‡bi eo mdjZv wZwb Kvgi“c weRq K‡iwQ‡jb A‡¯¿i e‡j| 1613 wLªóv‡ã| wKš‘ wZwb evsjvq _vKvi †ewk mgq cvbwb| Kvgi“c R‡qi ci nVvr gviv †M‡jb XvKvi A`~‡i fvIqv‡j (Rq‡`ecy‡i)| evsjv kvmb K‡ib gvÎ 5 eQi| XvKv nvB‡KvU© PZ¡‡i Zuvi mgvwa| Kvk¥xi †_‡K †divi c‡_ mgªvU Rvnv½xi g„Zz¨gy‡L cwZZ n‡jb 1627 wLªóv‡ã| Zvi ¯’jvwfwl³ n‡jb cyÎ kvnRvnvb| kvnRvnvb Zuvi ivRZ¡Kv‡j `w¶Y fviZ wb‡qB †ewk e¨¯— wQ‡jb| `viv‡k‡Kvn, myRv, AvIi½‡Re I gyiv` 4 cyÎ wQ‡jv kvnvRv‡bi| Avi Kb¨v Rvnvbviv| wØZxq cyÎ myRv‡K wZwb evsjvi kvmK wbhy³ K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ wnsmª, ee©i †Pw½m Lv‡bi GB RvZ ivRvm‡bi †jvf Avi ivRgyKz‡Ui jovB‡q wjß n‡jb| Avcb gv‡qi †c‡Ui wZbwU fvB‡K webvk K‡i Ges wcZv kvnvRvnvb‡K bRie›`x K‡i ivRZ¡ Ki‡jb UzwcIqvjv ûRyi AvIi½‡Re 49 eQi (1658wLª. †_‡K 1707 wLª.)| GB wR›`vcxi eofvB myRv‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ evsjvq †cÖiY K‡ib †mbvcwZ gxiRygjv‡K| gxiRygjvi †gvMj evwnbxi m‡½ Kzwj‡q DV‡Z bv †c‡i †gvMj hyeivR myRv cvwj‡q †M‡jb AvivKvb| A‡bK NUbvi ci AvivKvb ivRv KZ…©K myRv mcwiev‡i wbnZ n‡jb|

gxiRygjv evsjvq c`v©cY K‡ib 1660 wLª÷v‡ã| ci eQi wZwb †KvPwenvi Awfhvb Pvjv‡jb| m‡½ wQ‡jv 12.000Ak¦v‡ivnx Ges 30,000 nvRvi c`vwZK ˆmb¨| G‡Zv eo kw³i †gvKvwejv Kiv †KvPwenv‡ii g‡Zv GKwU †QvU iv‡R¨i ivRvi c‡¶ Kx m¤¢e? †gvMj evwnbxi Avµg‡Yi Lei †c‡q †KvPwenv‡ii gnvivRv cÖvYbvivqY cÖvY wb‡q cjvqb Ki‡jb| webv hy‡× †KvPwenvi †gvMj‡`i `L‡j †M‡jv|

wKš‘ G K_v wVK,†KvPwenvi Rq Ki‡jI †KvPwenv‡ii eû ciMbv ¯^vaxb †_‡K hvq| we‡kl K‡i iscy‡ii DËi A‡ji ciMYv¸‡jv| wØZxq K_v, †KvPwenv‡ii gnvivRviv mvgwqK mg‡qi Rb¨ †gvMj‡`i ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi Ki‡jI Zviv c‡i Zv A¯^xKvi K‡i ¯^vaxb n‡q hvq| ZvB Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, evi evi †gvMj myev`vi‡`i †KvPwenv‡i ˆmb¨ cvVv‡Z| GK_v Aek¨ Avgiv Av‡MI e‡jwQ| Avevi ejjvg|

gxi Rygjv Gevi Avmvg Awfhv‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡jb| 1663 wLª÷v‡ã wZwb Avmvg RqI Ki‡jb| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨ekZ AK¯§vr gviv  †M‡jb Avmv‡gi gvwU‡Z| †gNvj‡q cvnv‡oi P~ovq n‡jv Zuvi mgvwa| cvnvowUi c‡i bvg n‡jv gxiRygjv cvnvo| gxiRygjv evsjvq _vK‡jb gvÎ 3 eQi|

Gevi evsjvi myev`vi n‡q G‡jb kv‡q¯—v Lvb| kv‡q¯—v Lvb wQ‡jb AvIi½‡R‡ei gvgv‡K evsjvi  kvmbKZ©v K‡i cvVv‡jb fvMœv| wZwb AvMÖv †_‡K XvKvq G‡jb 1664 wLªóv‡ã| ZLb Zvi eqm 63| evsjvi BwZnv‡m kv‡q¯—v Lvb GKwU wefv`xß bvg| mykvmK wnmv‡e L¨vwZgvb | Zvi Avg‡j UvKvq AvU gY PvDj cvIqv †h‡Zv| †m BwZnvm AvR GK wKse`š—x| 24eQi XvKvq evm K‡i 1688 wLªóv‡ã 87 eQi eq‡m wZwb nvwZi wc‡V e‡m iIbv nb AvMÖvi c‡_| †kl we`vq †bb evsjvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q| Avi hvIqvi mgq †d‡j hvb P¶z †_‡K `yÕ‡dvUv AkÖ“| KviY, Zvi Av`‡ii Kb¨v BivY `yLZ‡K †i‡L hvb evsjvi gvwU‡Z | jvjevM‡Kj­vi †fZi| BivY `yL‡Zi Aci bvg cixwewe| cixwewewi gvRvi AvR XvKvq GK `k©bxq ¯’vb| evsjvi gvby‡li Rb¨ kv‡q¯—v Lv‡bi eo wMdU GB mgvwa| Avi jvjevM‡Kj­v| jvjevM‡Kj­vq Kwe dii“L Avng‡`i KweZv DrKxY© Av‡Q-

                   Ô‡Zvgv‡K †d‡j‡Q wN‡i mg‡qi Li Zievi

                   g„Zz¨ I ¶‡qi ¯ú‡k© Zey Zzwg nIwb Kjyl

                   AvRv`x Dlvi Zx‡i †`wL AvRI †MŠie †ZvgviÕ|

‡div hvK †NvpvNv‡U| kv‡q¯—v Lv‡bi cyÎ †NvovNv‡Ui †dŠR`v Bev`Z LvbB cwic~Y©fv‡e †KvPwenvi Ges iscyi‡K †gvMj mvgvªv‡R¨i Aš—f~³© K‡ib 1717 wLªó‡ã| 1717 wLª÷v‡ã evsjvi BwZnv‡m GKwU HwZnvwmK Aã| GeQi myev`vix c×wZ jyß n‡q evsjvq Pvjy n‡jv bevex Avgj| Gi cÖ_g beve gywk©`Kzwj Lvb| wZwb w`wj­ †_‡K myev`vi n‡q evsjvq Av‡mb| wKš‘ w`wj­i `ye©j, Ac`v_© mgªvU‡`i A‡hvM¨Zvi my‡hvM wb‡q ¯^vaxbfv‡e evsjv kvmb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| ivRavbx XvKv †_‡K wb‡q hvb gLmy`vev‡`| c‡i Zvi bv‡g ivRavbxi bvg n‡jv gywk©`vev`|

cieZx©Kv‡j evsjvi beve n‡jb Avwje`x© Lvb (1740wLª.-1756wLª.)| Zvi †Kv‡bv cyÎ wQ‡jv bv| ZvB Kb¨v Avwgbvi cyÎ wmivRy‡ÏŠjv‡K evsjv wenvi Dwol¨vi DËivwaKvi Ki‡jb| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨ wmiv‡Ri| wmsnvm‡b e‡m bvbv Pµv‡š—i wkKvi n‡jb| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Bó BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbx ewYK †_‡K ivRZ¡ Kv‡qg Kivi ¯^‡cœ we‡fvi| eo eo abx Ges bvgx`vgx wn›`y †bZv I e¨emvqxiv gymwjg bev‡ei wei“‡× loh‡š¿ wjß n‡jv| Zviv Bs‡iR‡`i cv‡k wM‡q `uvov‡jv| Aí eq‡mi Zi“Y beve wmivRy‡ÏŠjv eo GKv n‡q †M‡jb| Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi †KD _vK‡jv bv| ZvB evsjvi Kwe wjL‡jb, Ôc_nviv cvwL †Ku‡` wd‡i GKvÕ|

23 Ryb, 1757 wLª÷v‡ã cjvkxi hy× †k‡l Bs‡iR evwnbxi Kv‡Q civwRZ I e›`x n‡jb wmivR| c‡i Zv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡jv| wZwb ivRZ¡ Ki‡jb gvÎ 14 gvm 14w`b| wKš‘ †NvovNvU Z_v iscyi ZL‡bv ¯^vaxb| iscy‡ii gvbyl ZL‡bv weªwUk kvm‡bi evB‡i| gywk©`vev` D×v‡ii Rb¨ w`wj­ †_‡K iscy‡i G‡jb †gvMj hyeivR b~i“Ïxb gyn¤§` ev‡Ki R½| wb‡R‡K ÔbeveÕ Avi dzj‡PŠwK‡K ivRavbx K‡i wZwb ¯^vaxbZv †Nvlbv Ki‡jb| hy× n‡jv `yB c‡¶ wgVvcyKzi Dc‡Rjvaxb gvwmgcy‡i| w`bwU 9 †deª“qvix, 1760| GB hy×wU BwZnv‡mi cvZvq e¨vUj Ae gvwmgcyi bv‡g L¨vZ| Rqjvf K‡iI GKUv f~j wm×v‡š—i Rb¨ Giv ¶gZv `Lj Ki‡Z cvi‡jv bv| GB hy‡× Bs‡iR †mbvcwZ K‡µb cÖvY nvivb| beve byi“Ïx‡bi evwnbxi `yB †mbvcwZ w`wji  Luv I AvmjZ Luv knx` nb| GiI c‡i iscy‡i Bs‡iR‡`i wei“‡× eo ai‡bi we‡`ªvn n‡q‡Q| wec­e n‡q‡Q| 1773 wLªóv‡ã dwKi gRby kv‡ni †bZ…‡Z¡ mbœ¨vmx dwKi we‡`ªvn Ges beve b~i“Ïxb gyn¤§` ev‡K‡ii ‡bZ…‡Z¡ 1783 wLª÷v‡ã K…lK cÖRv we‡`ªvn| †m Avi GK BwZnvm|

Bev`Z Lvb KZ©„K iscy‡i †gvMj AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôvi m‡½ m‡½ gvwnM‡Ä GKUv byZb kni M‡o IV‡Z ïi“ K‡i| GUvB iscy‡ii Avw` kni| †gvMj †dŠR`vi‡`i kvmb Kv‡h©i †K›`ªf~wgI nq gvwnMÄ| Avwje`x© Lv‡bi RvgvZv mvC` Avng` †dŠR`vi wn‡m‡e iscy‡i Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| evm K‡i‡Qb gvwnM‡Ä| cieZx©Kv‡j Kvwkg Avwj Lvb iscy‡i †dŠR`vi  wbhy³ nb|

Z‡e iscy‡i  bvbv wec­e we‡`ªv‡ni Kvi‡Y †Rjv †nW‡KvqvU©i KL‡bv iscy‡i _v‡K, Avevi KL‡bv hvq †NvovNv‡U| g~jZ Awdwmqvjx evsjvi kvmbKZ© Bs‡iRiv n‡jv 1765 wLª÷v‡ã| cjvkx hy‡×i 8 eQi ci| H eQi 12B AvMó w`wj­ †_‡K ev`kvn wØZxq kvn Avjg ¯^qs gywk©`vev‡`i AvwRgvev‡` G‡m Bó BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbx‡K evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vi LvRbv Av`v‡qi ¶gZv cÖ`vb K‡i mb`cÎ wj‡L †`b| m‡½ m‡½ miKvi c×wZ evwZj n‡q miKv‡ii bvg n‡jv †Rjv| Avi †dŠR`vi kãwU jyß n‡q n‡jv mycvifvBRvi| c‡i Kv‡j±i| ZviI c‡i wWw÷ªK g¨vwR‡÷ªU (wW.Gg)| Avi AvR wW.wm (†WcywU Kwgkbvi)

‡NvovNvU miKv‡ii †kl †dŠR`vi wQ‡jb gxi Kig Avwj Lvb| wZwb Bs‡iR †mbvcwZ wg. †KwUªj Gi nv‡Z civwRZ nb 1765 wLªóv‡ã m`i `ßi †NvovNvU †_‡K Zz‡j wb‡q B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbx (weªwUkiv) ¯’vcb K‡i w`bvRcy‡i| ZLb †_‡KB `yÕ†Rjvi `yÕ‡Uv †nW‡KvqvU©vi n‡jv| GKwU w`bvRcyi Ges AciwU iscyi| iscy‡i cÖ_g Bs‡iR kvmK n‡q G‡jb wg.MÖ“R|

weªwUk kvmb ïi“ nIqvi ci †_‡K AvR ch©š— iscy‡ii AZxZ bvbv BwZnvm I HwZn¨ Avgiv cieZx© Aa¨vq ¸‡jv‡Z Zz‡j a‡iwQ| Z‡e Zv avivevwnKfv‡e bv n‡jI wew”Qbœfv‡e bvbv cÖeÜ-wbe‡Üi gva¨‡g|

          Z_¨m~Î:

·        Ôi½cy‡ii cÖvPxb BwZnvmÕ - W. gyn¤§` gwbi“¾vgvb|

·        Ôfvi‡Zi BwZnvm K_vÕ - W.wKiYP›`ª †PŠayix|

·        Ôevsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm cwiµgvÕ - ‡K Gg ivBQDwÏb Lvb|

·        ÔågYmv_xÕ - my‡evaKzgvi PµeZx©|

K‡iv‡Zvqv - w·mªvZv I †jvwn‡Z¨i †`k

hy‡M hy‡M, Kv‡j-Kv‡j c„w_exi me©ÎB mf¨Zv M‡o D‡V b` b`x‡K †K›`ª K‡i| ZvB †`Lv hvq, †mªvZw¯^bxi Zx‡iB M‡o D‡V kni e›`i bMi| KviY R‡ji Aci bvg Rxeb| Rxe‡bi Rb¨ R‡ji cÖ‡qvRb| †mB R‡ji avivB n‡jv b` I b`x| b`x e‡q P‡j Zvi wbR †Lqv‡j| Pj‡Z Pj‡Z e`‡j hvq Zvi MwZc_| b`xi GB ¯^fve j¶ K‡i Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi e‡jwQ‡jb, I‡Mv bUx PÂj Aáix| MwZc_ e`‡j hvIqvi d‡j GKB b`x bvbv bv‡g, bvbv i“c aviY K‡i| KL‡bv KL‡bv Gi Dc‡P cov †XD‡q gvbyl me©kvš— nq| wf‡UgvwU nvivq| Zey&I b`xi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg gvby‡li Rxe‡b|

evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk b`xiB Drcw˯’j wMwignvivR wngvjq ce©Z| Gi eyK †d‡U Rb¥ wb‡q †Kvb AZx‡Z mviv iscyi Ry‡o †eYx Qwo‡q `vcv`vwc K‡i Qy‡U P‡j‡Q eªþcyÎ,aijv, wZ¯—v, `yaKzgvi, dzjKzgvi, hgy‡bk¦ix, Ki‡Zvqv, NvNU, †Zvl©v, KvjRvwb, †K Rv‡b| KvjRvwb I †gvlv© †KvPwenv‡i| GQvovI gvbvm, BQvgwZ, aiYx, evOvjx, AvwLiv, KvUMwo, wRbwRivg, †KvgjvB, njnwjqv, †mvbveywo cÖf„wZ A‡bK †QvU †QvU b`x Qwo‡q wQwU‡q i‡q‡Q iscy‡i|

iscy‡ii b`-b`xi K_v ej‡Z †M‡j Ggb GK †mªvZw¯^bxi bvg me©v‡MÖ  G†m hvq, hvi AZxZ HwZn¨ e‡j †kl Kiv hvq bv| ZviB bvg Ki‡Zvqv| G‡K Av‡M b`x bv e‡j gnvb`x ejv n‡Zv| Gi Ae¯’vb iscyii cwðg mxgvq| iscyi I w`bvRcyi mxgv‡iLvq| c~e© Zx‡i iscyi, Avi cwðg Zx‡i w`bvRcyi| e¨wZµg ïay Kvgw`q, KvuUvevwo, ivRvnvi, kvLvnvi,mvcgviv I ¸gvbxMÄ bv‡g MvBevÜvi †Mvwe›`MÄ Dc‡Rjvaxb 6wU BDwbq‡b| iw³g e‡Y©i g„wËKvi GB 6wU BDwbqb Ki‡Zvqvi Icv‡i nIqv m‡Ë¡&I AvR e„nËi iscyi †Rjvi Aš—©MZ| A_©vr cÖvPxb grm¨‡`‡ki ivRv weiv‡Ui ivRavbx weivU bMi AvR Zvi kµ ivRv fM`‡Ëi cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcyi iv‡R¨i †fZi| cvuP nvRvi eQi ci| 
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Ki‡Zvqv

Ki‡Zvqv‡K ÔjNyfviZÕ G ejv n‡q‡Q e„nr cwimiv c~Y¨v Ki‡Zvqv gnvb`x| Ôev½vjxi BwZnv‡mÕ bxnviiÄb ivq wj‡j‡Qb, ÔDËie‡½i me©cÖavb b`x Ki‡Zvqv| GB b`xi BwZnvm mycÖvPxb| Gi Zx_© gwngv eûL¨vZÕ| ÔcyivYÕG eûevi Ki‡Zvqvi gvnvZ¥ Kx©wZ‡Z n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov, ÔKi‡Zvqv gvnvZ¥Õ bv‡g GKwU cyuw_ Av‡Rv Ki‡Zvqvi cÖksmvq cÂgyL|

Ki‡Zvqv bvgwUi DrcwËI wn›`yag©-‡Kw›`ªK| wn›`y ag© g‡Z ni-cve©Zxi we‡qi mgq wke †`eZvi Ki (nvZ) wbw¶ß Rj †_‡K †h Rjavivi m„wó nq, †mUviB bvg Ki‡Zvqv| (Z_¨myÎ: wek¦‡Kvl, Z…Zxq LÛ, b‡M›`ªbv_ emy)| ZvB wn›`y‡`i Kv‡Q Ki‡Zvqv GKKv‡j wQ‡jv wØZxq M½v| M½v স্নানের g‡Z Zviv Ki‡Zvqv স্নান K‡i cv‡ci cÖvqwðË Ki‡Zv| †`n-gb‡K cweÎ K‡i AvZ¥v‡K kvwš— w`Z| †mUv AZxZ w`‡bi BwZnvm| AvR Ki‡Zvqv Zvi †mB wekvjZv nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q, Li‡mªvZv †bB, fivU n‡q  eû Lv‡Zi m„wó n‡q g~j †mªvZ nvwi‡q †d‡j GKwU †QvUª b`x‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Avi AvR Gi G‡KK ¯’v‡b G‡KK bvg| cÂM‡o `yB gvBj e¨vcx Gi bvg †Nvovgviv| c‡i Ki‡Zvqv bvg wb‡q Av‡jvKSwi †cŠ‡Q Gi bvg nq AvÎvB| bxjvdvgvix‡Z Gi bvg BQvgwZ| Avevi e`iM‡Äi Kv‡Q Ki‡Zvqv bvg wb‡q `w¶‡Y GwM‡q jvjevwoi Kv‡Q wNijvB MÖv‡gi cv‡k Gibvg nq wNj­vB b`x| w`bvRcyi †Rjvaxb beveM Dc‡Rjvq Avevi Ki‡Zvqv bv‡g Gi ¶xY aviv Gu‡K †eu‡K cÖevwnZ n‡q `vwiqv bvgK ¯’v‡b hgy‡bk¦ixi m‡½ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| Av‡iv `w¶‡Y †NvovNv‡Ui Dˇi Gi bvg ewnjv b`x | ZviI Av‡M FwlNv‡Ui Kv‡Q GB b`x Kvg`n bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| MªxK BwZnvmwe`‡`i MÖ‡š’ Gi bvg wKivw`qv| Avi ˆPwbK cwieªvRK wnD‡qb mv‡Oi eY©bvq K-jy-Z|

Ki‡Zvqvi Zx‡i GKvKv‡j wKivZ RvwZi evm wQ‡jv| ZLb NbAi‡Y¨ Ave„Z wQ‡jv Gi `yB Zxi| †mLv‡b evm Ki‡Zv evN-fvj~K-wkqvj-ïKzi-nwiY bvbv eb¨Rš‘| wKivZ k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© g„MqvRxex RvwZ| A_©vr nwiY bv _vK‡jI GKKv‡j †h wQ‡jv Zvi cÖgvY bxjvdvgvixi ‡Wvgvi Dc‡Rjvaxb nwiYPov BDwbqb, jvjgwYinvU †Rivi nwiYQov BDwbqb Ges cxiMÄ Dc‡Rjvq eo Avjgcyi BDwbq‡b nwiY wmsMvi`xwN| Avi Avw`g hy‡Mi wKivZ RvwZi eskai †h GL‡bv Av‡Q, Zv †`Lv †M‡jv wUwfi c`©vq| KjKvZv ‡_‡K cÖPvwiZ wUwfi c`©vq GKevi GKwU RvwZ‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡jv Ges mv¶vrKvi †bqv n‡jv| Zv‡`i AwiwRb Rvb‡Z PvB‡j AKc‡U ej‡jv, Avgiv wKivZ RvwZ| cïcvjb G‡`i †ckv| evm K‡i gvwUi N‡i| Ni¸‡jv †ek cwicvwU| †`qv‡ji bKªv ‡`‡L Avwg AevK| meB nwi‡Yi Qwe| †g‡qiv wbR nv‡Z Gu‡K‡Q| ZLb Avgvi ¯§„wZ‡Z †f‡m DV‡jv, †mŠ`x Avi‡ei gvbyl¸‡jvi Ni †`vi mvRv‡bvi `„k¨| Guiv DV‡K G‡Zv fvjev‡m †h D‡Ui gvsm K`vwPr Lvq| Avi ewoi Avw½bvq wKQy _vK ev bv _vK ‡LRyi MvQ _vK‡ZB n‡e| †LRyi Mv‡Qi evMvb Kiv Gu‡`i HwZ‡n¨i A½| wKivZ RvwZi †jvK‡`i Zv‡`i HwZ‡n¨i jvjb mwZ¨B we¯§qKi| Avi GB wKivZ kãwU †_‡KB Ki‡Zvqvi bvg nq wKivw`qv| †Mvcvj nvj`vi evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i i“c‡iLv MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb, wKivZ RvwZi cv‡k wKivw`qvi `yB Zx‡i iscyi, w`bvRcyi I e¸ove¨vcx we¯—xY© AiY¨f~wg‡Z wblv` RvwZi evm wQ‡jv| ZuvivI ek©v ej­g-Zxi-abyK w`‡q eb¨cÖvYx wkKvi K‡i Zvi gvsk †L‡Zv| AbybœZ, Amf¨ Rsjx RvwZ Av‡Mi Kv‡j iscyi A‡j emevm Ki‡jI gnvcwÛZ‡`i M‡elYvjä Ávb †_‡K Rvbv hvq, mviv evsjvq gvbe mf¨Zvi cÖ_g D‡b¥l N‡U iscy‡i| A_P iscyi‡K ÔAbvh-©fywgÕ e‡j Ae‡njv Kiv n‡Zv| Avh©iv g~jZ ga¨ Gwkqvi †jvK| mv‡o wZb nvRvi eQi Av‡M Giv fviZe‡l© Av‡m `‡j `‡j| ZLb fvi‡Z `ªvweo‡`i evm wQ‡jv| wKivZ,wblv`,mvIZvj,†Kvj,fxj, gyÛviv g~jZ `ªvweo| Gu‡`i MvÎeY© Kv‡jv| Z‡e Avh©iv dm©v| we‡k¦i cÖvPxbZg MÖš’ Ô†e`ÕGi iPwqZv Avh©iv| †e` A_© cÖÁv ev Ávb| †e` cÖ_‡g wjwLZ AvKv‡i wQ‡jv bv| gy‡L gy‡L P‡j Avm‡Zv| c‡i Gi wjwLZ i“c nq eû c‡i| †e` iPwqZv Avh©ivB eªvþb| A_©vr GuivB wn›`y‡`i Kv‡Q fMev‡bi cÖwZwbwa| ZvB eªvþY bv n‡j wn›`y‡`i cyRv nq bv|

Ki‡Zvqv b`xwU nvRvi nvRvi eQi Av‡M G‡Zv wekvj I Li‡mªvZv wQ‡jv †h, Avh©iv bvwK Ki‡Zvqv AwZµg K‡i iscy‡ii gvwU‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB iscyi I Kvgi“c‡K ÔAbvh©f~wgÕ ejv n‡Zv| Avi G Kvi‡Y Kzjxb wn›`y‡`i Kv‡Q iscyi wQ‡jv AcweÎ ¯’vb| Zv Qvov, mZxi †`‡ni †Kv‡bv A½ bv cov‡Z iscy‡i †Kv‡bv wn›`y Zx_©¯’vb †bB| ïay Ki‡Zvqv wQ‡jv Zv‡`i Zx_©¯’vb ev স্নানের ¯’vb| Av‡Mi Kv‡j cwðge½, †MŠo †_‡K †Kv‡bv AwfRvZ wn›`y †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y iscy‡i G‡m mdi †k‡l evwo‡Z wd‡i †M‡j AvZ¥xq ¯^Rbiv wQt wQt Ki‡Zv| A_©vr iscy‡i Avmv‡K Zuviv cvc g‡b Ki‡Zv| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q c~Y¨¯’vb Ki‡Zvqvi cðxg Zxi| wn›`y‡`i ag©kv‡¯¿i GKwU †k­vK Zvi D¾¡j `„óvš—-

                   ÔKi‡Zvqv cwðg Zx‡i

                   m`v enwZ Rvüex

                   we‡k‡lvt †jvwnbx hÎ

                   wgwËKv gyw³`vwqbx|Õ

Gi A_©, m`v engvb Ki‡Zvqv b`xi cwðg Zx‡i †h †h ¯’vb †jvwnZ eY©, †mB †mB fywg gnv c~Y¨¯’vb gyw³`vwqbx| G †_‡K †evSv hvq, ev¯—‡eI Ki‡Zvqvi c~e©Zwi A_©vr iscyi Zuv‡`i Kv‡Q kª×v fw³ †_‡K wQ‡jv ewÂZ| ZvB Zuviv iscy‡i †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y G‡j Ki‡Zvqv b`x‡Z Wye w`‡q †`n‡K cweÎ K‡i N‡i wdi‡Zv|

ZvB iscy‡ii AZxZ BwZnv‡m c„ôv Dëv‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB,†mb ivRv‡`i Avg‡j K‡YŠR (DËi cÖ‡`k) †_‡K me©cÖ_g cuvPRb eªvþY iscy‡i Avbv nq c~Rv cv‡Vi Rb¨| Av‡iv Rvbv hvq, KzwoMÖvg evnvie›` ciMYvi Rwg`vi ivYx mZ¨eZx© c~Rv AP©bvi Rb¨ ˆgw_jx eªvþY G‡jwQ‡jb wgw_jv (wenvi) †_‡K| 400 weNv wb¯‹i Rwg wZwb `vb K‡iwQ‡jb Gu‡`i Abœe‡¯¿i Rb¨| cÖm½Z D‡j­L¨ †h, GB ˆg_jx eªvþ‡Yi eskxq mš—vbB gnvwec­ex ivRv fevbx cvVK-whwb 1783 wLªóv‡ã iscy‡ii K…lK ÔcÖRv we‡`ªvnÕ-Gi Ab¨Zg bvqK wQ‡jb| †Kv_vq nvwi‡q †M‡jv †mBme w`b, Avi †mB gnvc~‡Y¨i Ki‡Zvqv Zvi †mB wekvjZv, †mªv‡Zi †eM nvwi‡q †djj, Zvi K`i Kg‡Z _v‡K| ZvQvov Avmj Ki‡Zvqv‡K GLb Lyu‡R cvIqv gykwKj| bvbv Lv‡Z wef³, bvbv bv‡g cwiwPZ| ZvB Ki‡Zvqv স্নানের ïay AZx‡Zi BwZnvm| nviv‡bv w`‡bi Kvwnbx| 

eªþcyÎ :

Avmv‡gi cÖL¨vZ KÚwkíx fy‡cb nvRvwiKv eo `i` w`‡q †M‡q‡Qb-

                                      ÔM½v Avgvi gv,

                           cÙv Avgvi gv,

                           `yB w`‡K `yB R‡ji aviv

                           ‡gNbv hgybvÕ|

‡`k‡cÖ‡gi Ggb bRxi weij| Avi b`xi cÖwZ Zuvi fv‡jvevmv Zzjbvnxb| b`xi Zx‡i mf¨Zv M‡o D‡V, b`x‡K wb‡q wdj¥ ˆZix nq (FwË¡K NKU wbwg©Z ÔwZZvm GKwU b`xi bvgÕ)| Avevi GB b`xB GKwU †`k‡K cwiPq Kwi‡q †`q mviv wk¦evmxi Kv‡Q| ZvB bxj b` ej‡ZB wgki, †gKs b`x ej‡ZB Pxb, fjMv ej‡Z ivwkqv, wgwmwmwc ej‡Z Av‡gwiKv, AvgvRvb ej‡Z `w¶Y Av‡gwiKv, BD‡cÖwUm UvBwMÖm ej‡Z BivK, wmÜz ej‡Z cvwK¯’vb Ges cÙv †gNbv hgybv ej‡Z Avgv‡`i g‡b c`©vq †f‡m I‡V meyR evsjv Qwe| Avgiv Rvwb, fvi‡Z hgybvi Zx‡i AvMÖvi ZvRgnj| Zvn‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †h hgybvi Rb¨ fy‡cb nvRvwiKv MvbwU MvB‡jb, †mUv †Kvb hgybv? Avi †mB hgybvi AZxZ BwZnvm Kx? gyjZ `yÕkZ eQi c~‡e©I hgybv bv‡g †Kv‡bv b`x evsjv‡`‡k wQj bv| hgybv bvgwUi m„wó 1802 wLª÷v‡ã| Gi K‡qK eQi Av‡M 1787 wLª÷v‡ã GK fqven f~wgK¤ú Ges cÖej eb¨vi †mªv‡Z eªþcyÎ w`wM¦w`M Ávb nvwi‡q †d‡j gvZvj nq| ZLb Zvi Pjvi MwZ Zvj‡eZvj nq| Qy‡U P‡j w¶cÖMwZ‡Z mvM‡ii w`‡K| H mgq bvbv Lv‡Zi m„wó n‡jv| g~j eªþcyÎ giv b`x‡Z cwiYZ n‡jv gqgbwmsn †Rjvq| ZLbB eªþcy‡Îi GKUv byZb avivi m„wó n‡jv| gqgbwms‡ni Kv‡j±‡iU Awdm m‡½ m‡½ Gi bvg ivL‡jv hgybv| ZvB Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, KzwoMÖv‡g †h b`xi bvg eªþcyÎ, MvBevÜvq dzjQwo Nv‡Ui Kv‡Q wM‡q Zvi bvg n‡jv hgybv| A_©vr eªþcyÎ b` cyi“l †_‡K bvix n‡q bvg aviY Ki‡jv hgybv b`x| Z‡e Gi cÖvPxb bvg †jvwnZ¨| †jvwnZ¨ ms¯‹…Z kã|

ej‡Z nq, fv½v Movi GB cªvK…wZK wbq‡g iscyi †Rjvaxb †`IqvbMÄ Dc‡RjvwU bexb e¸ov †Rjvi mv‡_ hy³ n‡jv 1821 wLªóv‡ã| Avevi cieZx© Kv‡j fv½v-Movi Kvi‡YB 1866 wLª÷v‡ã †`IqvbMćK e¸ov †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kiv n‡jv e„nËi gqgbwmsn †Rjvi Rvgvjcy‡ii m‡½|

c„w_exi 25wU `xN©Zg b`-b`xi g‡a¨ eªþcyÎ Ab¨Zg| Gi ‰`N©¨ 2,704 wK‡jvwgUvi | wZeŸ‡Z ˆKjvm ce©‡Zi mwbœK‡U gvbm m‡ive‡ii wbKU †P¤^vBqvsWys wngevn †_‡K Gi Rb¥| ˆKjvk I gvbm m‡ivei wn›`y-Zx_©¯’vb| GLvbKvi cÖK…wZi Aci“c I kvš— wm» cwi‡e‡ki eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q my‡evaKzgvi PµeZx© wj‡L‡Qb, Ôgvmb m‡ivei A‡j †cŠ‡Q cÖK„wZi D`vi I Db¥y³ i“c †`‡L we¯§‡q Awff~Z n‡Z nq| m¤ú~Y© bMœ c„w_ex GLv‡b kªvš— †`‡n wekªvgiZ| †fv‡Mi †Kv‡bv evmbv Rv‡M bv GLv‡b| me©Z¨vMx mbœ¨vmxi  g‡Zv AvRxeb Zcm¨vi K_vB g‡b Av‡m| ˆKjv‡ki w`‡K ZvwK‡q g‡b nq, G‡Zvw`b hv wKQy †`‡LwQ Zv meB wg_¨v; mZ¨ ïay ˆKjvk| c„w_exi GB i“c †h‡bv Avgiv Avi ‡Kv_vI ‡`wLwb| g‡b n‡e Gi †P‡q eo Zx_© c„w_ex‡Z Avi wØZxq †bB| Zx_© Avi †`eZv GLv‡b wg‡j wg‡k GKvKvi n‡q †M‡Q| wm»my›`i cªK…wZB GLv‡b †`eZvÕ| Z‡e eªþcyÎ bvgwUi Drm eªþv †`eZv †_‡K| †mB †`eZvi gvbmcyÎ eªþcyÎ| G‡KK ¯’v‡b  G‡KK bv‡g cwiwPZ eªþcyÎ| evsjv‡`‡ki bvg¸‡jv ‡Zv Avgiv Av‡MB e‡jwQ| Avmv‡g Gi bvg †Kv_vI wWns, †Kv_vI jyBZ, Avevi  †Kv_vI eªþcyÎ| Z‡e wZeŸ‡Z †hLv‡b Gi Rb¥ †mLv‡b Gi bvg mvb‡cv| mvb‡cv wZeŸZx fvlvi kã| GB mvb‡cv evsjv‡`‡k eªþcy‡Îi †P‡q hgybv bv‡gB †ekx weL¨vZ| Zv‡K wb‡q iwPZ GKwU Mvb †M‡q‡Qb dwi`v cviwfb-

                                    ÔGB cÙv , GB †gNbv, GB hgybv-myigv Z‡U,

                     Avgvi ivLvj gb Mvb †M‡q hvq

                     G Avgvi †`k , G Avgvi †cÖg

                     K‡Zv Avb›` †e`bv wein wgj‡b msK‡U|

ev¯—‡e Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi Pjvi c‡_ Avb›` Rxe‡bi Pjvi c‡_ Avb›` †e`bv wein wgjb Avi msK‡Ui KwVb w`b¸‡jvi gv‡SI Avgiv †`k‡K fv‡jvevwm, b`x‡K fv‡jvevwm| ZvB †`kMv‡b Avcbv †_‡KB G‡m hvq b`xi bvg| b`xi K_v| b`xi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv|

GB b`xB Avevi KL‡bv KL‡bv †e`bv KviY nq| `yt†Li mvMi nq| b`x MÖvm K‡i evwo-Ni, wf‡U-gvwU| b`xi ey‡K nvwi‡q hvq Mi“ evQyi, welq m¤úwË| Ggb Kx RxebI| eªþcy‡Îi `yB Zx‡i KzwoMÖv‡gi `wi`ª gvbyl ¸‡jvi Afve AbUb, `ytL-`y`©kvi KviY GB †mªvZwmbx| †mªvZB G‡`i me©kvš— K‡i| †mLvbKvi Pi mg„× †iŠgvix I ivwRecyi Dc‡Rjv `yÕ‡Uv‡K g~j KzwoMÖvg f~LÛ †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i‡Q eªþcyÎ| GB Zx‡i wPjgvix e›`i|

wPjgvix‡K wb‡q wewfbœ mgq Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K mvsevw`Kiv wj‡L‡Qb bvbv Mí, KweZv I Mvb| wPÎ-mvsevw`Kiv Zz‡j‡Qb bvbv Qwe| ˆ`wbK B‡Ëdv‡Ki wPÎ mvsevw`K iscyi b›`b AvdZve Avng` GKevi GKUv Qwe Zz‡j cwÎKvq Qvwc‡q w`‡q mviv we‡k¦ Av‡jvo‡bi †XD Zz‡jb| †mB QweUv wQ‡jv GKwU nZ-`wi`ª `ytLx †g‡qi| bvg evmš—x| Afve Avi AbU‡b RR©wiZ| ZLb †`‡k wf¶viI Afve| `ywf©¶| bv †L‡q, Abvnv‡i †jvK gviv hv‡”Q| †mB `yw`©‡bi mgq wPjgvix `ywnZv evmš—x Rvj cwiavb K‡i j¾v wbevi‡Yi e¨_© †Póv KiwQ‡jv|

evmš—xi †`k wPjvgix‡K wb‡q cieZx©Kv‡j ÔwPjgvixi GKhyMÕ MÖš’ iPbv Ki‡jb iscy‡ii Av‡iK cÖL¨vZ PviY mvsevw`K †gvbvRvZDÏxb| wjL‡jb Rj,Rvj Avi †R‡j‡`i wePiYf~wg wPjgvixi Mwie `ytLx-wbt¯^ gvbyl¸‡jvi `yt†Li Kvwnbx Avi RbcÖwZwbwa‡`i wg_¨v cÖwZkÖ“wZi evbx| †mB †gvbvRvZDÏxb Avevi Rxeb nviv‡jb GB eªþcy‡Îi (hgybvi) R‡j| †m Avi GK Kvwnbx| wZwb cvi nw”Q‡jb dzjQwo evnv`yivev` NvU ÷xgv‡i| Kuv‡a Szjv‡bv K¨v‡giv| Kvb‡mvbv Uvwbs c‡q‡›Ui Kv‡Q wZwb Qv‡` DV‡jb Qwe Zzj‡Z| nVvr cv dm‡K R‡j c‡o †M‡jb| wZwb mvZvi Rvb‡Zb bv| ZvB hv nevi ZvB n‡jv| cicv‡i P‡j †M‡jb wPiw`‡bi Rb¨| †mUv 1995wLªóvã| hgybvq ZL‡bv †mZz nqwb| †mZz n‡jv 1998†Z| 8.80wK.wg.ˆ`N¨© GB wekvj †mZzwU wbg©vY e¨q n‡jv 9kZ 87†KvwU UvKv| GUv mgMÖ c„w_exi GKv`k, Gwkqvi PZz_© Ges fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki `xN©Zg †mZz| bvg Awdwmqvjx e½eÜz †mZz n‡jI †jv‡K e‡j hgybv †mZz| hgybvi Dcb`x¸‡jv n‡”Q cvebvq evNvwewo‡Z ûovmvMi b`x| Avi Dˇi hLb eþcyÎ bvg, ZLb wZbwU Dcb`x-wZ¯—v,aijv I `yaKzgvi| Avi kvLv b`x a‡jk¦ix| cÖkvLv b`x eywoM½v I kxZj¶¨v| kxZj¶¨vi Zx‡i bvivqbMÄ, Avi eywoM½vi Zx‡i XvKv|

wZ¯—v :

A‡bK w`b Av‡Mi K_v| 1939 wLªóvã| GKwU †QvUª †g‡q b`xi Zx‡i `uvwo‡q R‡ji `„k¨ †`LwQj| Nyi-cvK LvIqv †mªv‡Zi g‡bvig `„k¨ †`‡L †m Drdzj­ n‡jv| Zvici cv‡k `uvov‡bv ey‡ov `v`yi nvZ †U‡b ej‡jv, †`‡Lv †`‡Lv, R‡j †dbv fv‡m| ZLb `v`y ej‡jb, hv‡e †Kvb †`‡k?

‡mB †`‡ki bvg iscyi| Avi b`xwUi bvg wZ¯—v| †g‡qwU n‡jv cÖL¨vZ †jwLKv ˆg‡Îqx †`exi Kb¨v| Avi `v`y ¯^qs iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi| Hmgq ˆgÎxq †`ex Zvui Wv³vi ¯^vgxi Kg©m~‡Î wngvj‡qi †Kv‡j gscy‡Z _vK‡Zb| wkwj¸wo †_‡K 35 gvBj `y‡i| ˆg‡Îqx †`ex iex›`ªbv_ f³ wQ‡jb| ïay f³B bb, Kwei Aby‡cÖiYv `vbKvix wZbRb AmvaviY bvixi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| Aci `yRb wQ‡jb †eŠw` Kv`¤^ix †`ex Ges GK we‡`wkbx wf‡±vwiqv IKv‡¤úv| wf‡±vwiqv IKv‡¤úv wQ‡jb `w¶Y Av‡gwiKvi †g‡q| Av‡R©w›Ubvi Kb¨v| ˆg‡Îqx †`exi fv‡jvevmvi Uv‡b Ges Avš—wiK Avgš¿‡b Kwe GKvwaKevi gscy‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb| †m A‡bK Kvwnbx, A‡bK K_v| †m mg¯— ¯§„wZ-K_v †cÖ‡gi cik w`‡q ˆg‡Îqx †`ex my›`ifv‡e wj‡L‡Qb Zvi †mB Abb¨ MÖš’ Ôgscy‡Z iex›`ªbv_Õ ZLb iex›`ªbv_ wj‡LwQ‡jb-

          IB Xvjy wMwievj i“¶ I eܨv

       w`b †M‡j Iwi c‡i Rc K‡i mܨv

       wb‡P †iLv ‡`Lv hvq H b`x wZ¯—vi,

       wbVy‡ii ¯^‡cœ&I gay‡ii we¯—vi |

Ac~e© my›`i KweZv | cvnv‡oi P~ov †_‡K wZwb wZ¯—v‡K GKUv †iLvi g‡Zv †`‡LwQ‡jb| GUvB KweZvi fvlvq Kvwe¨K kã| Ôwe‡j‡Z mv‡o mvZk w`bÕ MÖ‡š’i †jLK gyn¤§` Avãyj nvB we‡j‡Z hvw”Q‡jb, ZLb †c­‡bi Rvbvjv w`‡q cÙv‡K †`‡LwQ‡jb, Ô†Lqvjx †g‡qi gv_v †_‡K L‡m cov GK UzKiv i“cvwj wdZv, wVK Z`ª“c| iex›`ªbv‡_i wZ¯—vi Rb¥ wngvjq-Kb¨v wmwK‡g cvnv‡oi eyK †d‡U| c‡i `vwR©wjO, RjcvB¸wo Ges †KvPwenv‡ii Dci cÖevwnZ n‡q evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i bxjdvgvixi wWgjv Dc‡Rjvq| wKQy c_ †cwi‡q jvjgwbinvU †Rjvq nvwZevÜv I KvjxMÄ Dc‡Rjv AwZµg K‡i iscy‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| c‡i KvDwbqvi Dci w`‡q GwM‡q `w¶‡Y hvq KzwoMÖv‡gi wPjgvixi w`‡K| MvBevÜvi g„wËKvI ¯úk© K‡i mvgvb¨| MvBevÜvi KvgviRvwb †gŠRvq wM‡q K¬vš— -kªvš— wZ¯—vi `xN© c_ Pjv †kl nq| wg‡k hvq eªþcyÎ b‡`| mviv e„nËi iscyi †Rjvq wZ¯—vi `xN© c_Pjv †kl nq| wg‡k hvq eªþcyÎ b‡`| mviv e„nËi iscyi †Rjvq wZ¯—vi we¯—vi 70 gvBj| KzwoMÖv‡gi Dwjcyi Dc‡Rjvq wZ¯—vi Zx‡i GKwU HwZnvwmK ¯’vb eRiv| bv‡Uv‡ii ivYx fevbx GKKv‡j GB GjvKvi Rwg`vi wQ‡jb weªwUk-hy‡Mi Av‡M| wZwb GKevi GLv‡b G‡mwQ‡jb eRiv †bŠKvq P‡o| †mB eRiv Wy‡e †M‡j †mB ¯’v‡bi bvg nq eRiv|

wZ¯—vi †cŠiwYK hy‡Mi bvg w·mªvZv| A_©vr wZbwU b`x m½‡gi Rb¨ Gi bvg w·mªvZv nq| †hgb M½v,hgybv Ges A`„k¨ mi¯^Zx b`xi m½g¯’‡ji bvg w·eYx m½g Gjvnvev‡`| †mLv‡b M½vi †Nvjv R‡ji m‡½ wg‡k‡Q hgybvi bxjaviv| b`x we‡klÁ‡`i AwfgZ c~Y©f©ev, AvÎvB Ges Ki‡ZvqvB wZ¯—vi †mB wZb †mªvZ|

wZ¯—vi †ek K‡qKwU Dcb`x Av‡Q evsjv‡`‡k| †m¸‡jv n‡jv, †KvgjvB, KzwowZ¯—v, AvDwjqv‡Lvqv, aygb`x, mZxb`x I eivBj b`x| kvLv b`x gvbvm I NvNU|

wZ¯—v b`x‡Z e¨v‡iR cÖKí  G Kv‡j iscy‡ii BwZnv‡m GKwU eo NUbv 615 wgUvi ˆ`N¨© GB cvKv e¨v‡i‡Ri Dci Mvwo PjvP‡ji iv¯—v Avi wb‡P Rj AvUwK‡q Rwg‡Z †m‡Pi e¨e¯’v Kiv gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨| GB cÖK‡íi cwiwa wekvj| iscyi, w`bvRcyi Ges e¸ov †Rjvi 35wU Dc‡Rjv G‡Z DcK…Z n‡e|

Gevi GB cÖK‡íi †cQ‡bi BwZnvm GKUz ewj| 1943 wLªóvã (1350 e½v‡ã) evsjvq gnv`ywf©¶ nq| ZLb bv †L‡q 50 j¶ †jvK gviv hvq| GUv‡K cÂv‡ki g¤^š—i e‡j | H `ywf©‡¶i ci AwaK Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ wZ¯—v cÖK‡íi K_v wPš—v K‡i wewUªk miKvi| fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb Avi cvwK¯—vb Av‡›`vj‡bi DËvi †XD‡q cwiKíbvwU Pvcv c‡i hvq|

Gici fviZ wefw³i ‡ek K‡qK eQi ci 1955 wLªóv‡ã hy³d«›U miKvi GUv wb‡q fvev ïi“ Ki‡jv| H mgq gš¿x Avãym mvjvg Lvb iscy‡i G‡m nvwZevÜvi ¸wÇgvix‡Z wZ¯—v e¨v‡iR cÖK‡íi wfwË ¯’vcb Ki‡jb| ïi“ n‡jv hvÎv| iscyi †÷kb GjvKvq Awdm, óvd-K‡jvbx ˆZix n‡jv| wKš‘ hy³d«›U miKvi †ewkw`b ¶gZvq bv _vKvq KvRwU Avevi Pvcv c‡o †M‡jv| cieZx©Kv‡j †h miKvi G‡jv, Zviv G Kv‡R †Zgb  AvMÖn †`Lv‡jv bv| cÖ‡R± dvBje›`x n‡q c‡o ivB‡jv| Z‡e gRvi e¨vcvi, cÖ‡KŠkjx, Awdmvi, óvdiv wVKB †eZb †L‡q hv‡”Qb| Avi iscyievmx‡`i e‡j P‡j‡Qb cÖ‡R± GB Pvjy n‡e, n‡”Q BZ¨vw`|

Gi eûKvj ci evsjv‡`k Avg‡j ¶gZvq G‡jb wRqvDi ingvb| Zvi gwš¿mfvq †Uwj‡dvb I †UwjMÖvd gš¿x n‡jb KzwoMÖv‡gi gvC`yj Bmjvg gyKzj| wZwb GKevi iscy‡i G‡jb| Zvi c‡ii NUbv mvsevw`K bIqv‡Rk ‡nv‡mb Avn‡g` (†LvKvfvB) Gi gyL †_‡K †kvbv hvK| gyKzj mv‡ne iscy‡i G‡m Avgv‡K ej‡jb, Ô†LvKv fvBÕ wZ¯—v cÖ‡R‡±i NUbvUv Kx ? P‡jb †Zv wM‡q †`‡L Avwm|

wZwb Avgvi mvg‡bB wZ¯—v cÖ‡R‡±i BwÄwbqvi wg. †`vnv mv‡ne‡K ej‡jb, Ô†h RvqMvq wZ¯—v cÖ‡R± Ki‡eb, †mB RvqMvUv Avwg †`L‡Z hv‡evÕ| gš¿x hv‡Z bv hvb, Zvi Rb¨ bvbv ai‡bi Amyweavi K_v ej‡jb wZwb| wKš‘ Zvi K_vq KY©cvZ bv K‡i gyKzj mv‡ne A‡bKUv ‡Muv ai‡jb wZwb hv‡eb-B h‡Zv AmyweavB †nvK|

hv‡nvK 4 Lvbv Mvwo wb‡q Avgiv jvjgwYinvU n‡q ¸wÇgvix‡Z †cŠQjvg| ¸wÇgvix‡Z †cŠQvi Av‡M Avgiv KvjxM‡Ä wZ¯—v cÖ‡R‡±i †iónvDmI cwi`k©b Kijvg| AvaywbK PgrKvi †i÷nvDm| †mLv‡b `yÕwU wWw½ †bŠKv †hvMvo K‡i wZ¯—v cÖ‡R‡±i Ae¯’vb †hLv‡b, †mLv‡b †cŠ‡Q Avgiv wew¯§Z| b`xi gv‡S 8wU K‡i euvk †eu‡a †gvU 48wU evk w`‡q evua wbg©vY K‡i iscy‡ii cÖ‡KŠkjx Awdmvi óvdiv `xN©w`b a‡i wZ¯—v cÖ‡R± Pvwj‡q hv‡”Qb| `„k¨wU †`‡L AvwgI GKUv Lei Kijvg B‡Ëdv‡K-G|

XvKvq wM‡q we¯—vwiZ †bvU w`‡jb gyKzj mv‡ne ivóªcwZ wRqvDi ingvb‡K| Gici ivócwZ ¯^qs iscy‡i  G‡m nvwRi| wZwbI ¯^P‡¶ ¸wÇgvixi `„k¨wU †`L‡jb| Zvici Kxfv‡e Kx Kiv hvq, Zv Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv K‡i Kov wb‡`©k w`‡jb wZwb| ZLbB wZ¯—v cÖ‡R‡±i cªK…Z KvR ïi“ n‡jv|

cieZx©Kv‡j ivóªcwZ û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gikv` ¶gZvq G‡j wZ¯—v cÖ‡R‡±i ¸i“Z¡ Abyaveb K‡ib Ges cÖ‡R±wU Pvjy iv‡Lb| Gfv‡e 10 eQ‡ii AwaK mgq wb‡q wZ¯—v e¨v‡iR cÖK‡íi KvR P‡j Ges †k‡l mvd‡j¨i ¯^Y©Øv‡i †cuŠ‡Q | e¨q nq 13k †KvwU UvKv|

GB cÖ‡R‡±i g~j KvR n‡jv, mnvqK †mP myweav (Suplimentary Irrigation Facility) A_©vr el©v †gŠmy‡g hLb Rwg‡Z Pvlvev‡`i Rb¨ cvwbi `iKvi nq, ZLb †mLv‡b †m‡Pi gva¨‡g cvwb mieivn Kiv| Z‡e ﮋ ‡gŠmy‡gI mxwgZ AvKv‡i †mP-myweavi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q| Avi eb¨v wbqš¿‡bi Rb¨ weivU AvKv‡ii euva †Zv Av‡QB|

          eb¨v wbqš¿ evuawUi ‰`N©¨          80 wK‡jvwgUvi

          ‡m‡Pi Rb¨ cÖavb Lvj            34 wK‡jvwgUvi

          kvLv Lvj                           274 wK‡jvwgUvi

          ‡m‡KÛvix Lvj                     1448 wK‡jvwgUvi

          Uviwmqvix Lvj                     2784 wK‡jvwgUvi

          Rjv KvVv‡gv                                 2531 wU

          weªR Kvjfv©U                                 3275 wU

          e¨v‡iU †fvë ev †MU                        44 wU

         

GB cÖ‡R± ev¯—evq‡b we‡`kx †Kvbv BwÄwbqvi, wWRvBbvi wKsev we‡klÁ wb‡qvM †`qv nqwb| ïi“ †_‡K †kl ch©š— KvR K‡i‡Qb evsjv‡`kx BwÄwbqvi, wWRvBbvi Ges U¨vKwbwkqvbiv| cÖ_‡gi w`‡K cvwb Dbœqb †ev‡W©i Pxc BwÄwbqvi cvebvi wmivRyj Bmjvg cÖKíwUi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM †bb| cÖPzi cwikªg K‡i wZwb KvRwU GwM‡q †bb| cieZx©Kv‡j Av‡iv `yÕRb Pxd-BwÄwbqvi Avãyi iv¾vK (gZje, Kzwgj­v) Ges Avãyi iwk` (kwiqZcyi) cª‡R±wUi Rb¨ h‡_ó KvR K‡ib| Z‡e GwKªwKDwUf BwÄwbqvi iwdKz¾vgvb GK bvMv‡o `xN© 8 eQi GB cÖ‡R‡±i mv‡_ RwoZ wQ‡jb| Zvi GKwbô kªg, GKvMÖZv Ges `¶Zvi Rb¨ cvwb Dbœqb †evW© Zv‡K cyi¯‹vi ¯^i“c mycv‡ibwUwÛs BwÄwbqvi c‡` DbœxZ K‡ib| GB cÖ‡R‡± MvBevÜvi K…wZKb¨v Ges evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g gwnjv cÖ‡KŠkjx Lv‡j`v kvnwiqvi KweiI `¶Zvi m‡½ wWRvB‡bi KvR K‡ib|

wZ¯—v e¨v‡iR cÖK‡íi ïi“ 12 wW‡m¤^i,1979wLªóv‡ã n‡jI GUv RvKRg‡Ki m‡½ D‡™¢vab K‡ib û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gikv` 5B AvMó, 1990 wLªóv‡ã| GB cÖ‡R‡±i wmsnfvM e¨q enb K‡i evsjv‡`k miKvi| †mŠw` Dbœqb ms¯’v Ges Bmjvgx Dbœqb e¨vsK mvnvh¨ †`q|

wZ¯—v e¨v‡iR cªKí DËie‡½i wZbwU †Rjvi Rb¨ Avkvi Av‡jv n‡jI Gi cÖvY‡K›`ª †`vqvbx bvgK ¯’vb †_‡K cÖvq 100 wK‡jvwgUvi DRv‡b RjcvB¸woi MvRj‡Wvevq wZ¯—vi Dci fviZ miKvi GKwU e¨v‡iR wbg©vY Ki‡j, evsjv‡`‡k wZ¯—v cÖ‡R‡±i mg¯— cwiKíbv, Avkv- AvKv•Lv GLb ¸‡oevwj| cvwbi ¯^íZvB Gi gyL¨ KviY| m¤cÖwZ wUwfi c`v©q †`Lv †M‡jv, eo eo  Lvj¸‡jv‡Z GLb grm¨ Pvl Kiv n‡”Q| wZ¯—v GLb el©vKv‡j wKQyUv DËvj n‡jI kxZKv‡j ay-a~ evjyPi| ZviciI wZ¯—v, iscyii HwZn¨, iscyii †MŠi‡ei ab| iscyi‡K ejv nq wZ¯—v `ywnZv iscyi| Avis iscyi †iwWI‡ók‡b fvIqvBqv Mv‡bi †cÖvMvgwUi bvgI ÔwZ¯—vcv‡ii MvbÕ| wZ¯—vi bv‡g ˆZix wmMv‡i‡Ui bvg wZ¯—v wmMv‡iU| Avi iscyi †_‡K XvKvMvgx GKwU †Uª‡bi bvg ÔwZ¯—v †gBjÕ G¸‡jv meB wZ¯—v b`xi bv‡gi gwngvi wb`k©b|

aijv :

e„nËi iscyi †Rivq eo b`x¸‡jvi g‡a¨ aijv GKwU| hw` †KD cÖkœ K‡ib, aijvi DrcwË †Kvb cvnvo ev n«` †_‡K? Zvn‡j DËiUv GK K_vq ejv KwVb| KviY aijvi DrcwË GK¯’vb †_‡K bq, eis `yÕ¯’vb †_‡K| G †Kgb K_v? co‡Z _vKzb, GLbB ey‡S hv‡eb| g~jZ `ywU b`xi †mªv‡ZB aijvi m„wó| GKwU wZeŸ‡Zi wgbPvc cvnvi †_‡K Drcbœ nIqv †Zvl©v, Avi AciwU wmwK‡gi we`s n«` †_‡K Rb¥ †bqv gvbmB| GB `yB †mªvZvw¯^bx gvbmv Ges ‡Zvl©v †KvPwenv‡i wgwjZ n‡q hLb GKUz eo AvKvi aviY Ki‡jv ZLbB Gi bvg n‡jv aijv| †KvPwenv‡i †Kv_vI Gi bvg RjXvKv| cvUMÖvg Dc‡Rjvq aijv cÖ‡ek K‡i evsjv‡`‡k| wKQy`yi GwM‡q †gvo wb‡q Avevi Xy‡K c‡o †KvPwenv‡i| GLv‡b †m c_ P‡j 30 gvBj| c‡i Avevi webv cvm‡cvU©-wfmvq Xy‡K c‡i evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z| jvjgwbinvU Avw`Zgvwi Dc‡Rjvq GLvbKvi gvbyl Zv‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvq| Av`i K‡i Kv‡Q †U‡b †bq| wKš‘ †m eoB PÂj| w¯’i _v‡K bv| GwM‡q P‡j dyjevox Dc‡Rjvi w`‡K| Gig‡a¨ †m m„wó K‡i GKwU b`xe›`i KzjvNvU|

ej‡Z ‡M‡j aijvB KzwoMÖvg †Rjv‡K wØLwÛZ K‡i‡Q| dzjevwo, bv‡Mk¦ix I f~i“½vgvix Dc‡Rjv wZbwU aijvi c~e© Zx‡i| Avi KzwoMÖvg, ivRvinvU I Dwjcyi Dc‡Rjv wZbwU cðxg Zx‡i| KzwoMÖv‡g Aci `yB Dc‡Rjv †iŠgvix Ges ivRxecyi †Zv eªþcyÎ Øvi wew”Qbœ f~LÛ †_‡K|

KzwoMÖvg kni aijvi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z| Av‡M aijvq †Kv‡bv †mZz wQj bv| m¤úªwZ †mZz n‡jv| ˆ`N©¨ 648 wgUvi , Avi cÖ¯’ mv‡o mvZ wgUvi| e¨q n‡jv cÖvq 100 †KvwU UvKv| GB †mZy wbg©vY, cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi Ae`vb| 24 †deª“qvix, 2000-G wZwb wfwË cÖ¯—i ¯’vcb K‡ib|

Aijvi i“c my›`i| wKš‘ †`vl †ekx| `yÕKzj fv‡½| M„nnviv nq eû †jvK| me©nviv nq eû gvbyl|kxZ †gŠmy‡g ¯^”QR‡j aijv‡K my›`i †`Lvq| evjy eûj b`x ajv i“c avib K‡i| ZvB Gi bvg aijv| ev¸qv bvgK ¯’v‡b aijv wg‡k hvq eªþcy‡Îi m‡½|

`yaKzgvi :

 KzwoMÖvg ‡ek eo I Li‡mªvZv b`x `yaKzgvi| e‡q P‡j‡Q KzwoMÖv‡gi DËi cÖv‡š— f~i“½vgvix Dc‡Rjvi e¶ †f` K‡i| Gi DrcwË eû `y‡i| wngvj‡qi kvb‡Kvk b`x‡Z| fyUv‡bi Dci w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q †KvPwenv‡i G‡m Gi bvg nq iwnWvK| fv½b cÖeY b`x | M`vai I M½vai Gi `yÕ‡Uv Dcb`x| evsjv‡`‡k Gi ˆ`N¨© 35 gvBj| GB b`xi Dci †mvbvnvU weªR †`Lvi g‡Zv| KzwoMÖv‡gB `yaKzgv‡ii m‡½ wg‡k Av‡Q Aci GKwU PgrKvi bv‡gi b`x dzjKzgvi| `yaKzgvi Avi dzjKygvi †h‡bv KweZvi Q›` fiv bv| c¨vwi‡mi †mB muv‡R wju‡R iv¯—vi g‡Zv| dzjKzgvi K‡jR dzjKzgvi b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z| bybLvIqv bvgK ¯’v‡b  G‡m eªþcy‡Îi ey‡K mwjj mgvwa nq `yaKzgv‡ii|

wRbwRivg :

‡iŠgvix ivwRecyi Pi Dc‡Rjv n‡jI Gi †fZi w`‡q e‡q P‡j‡Q wRbwRivg, †mvbveywo, RvbwPiv my›`i bv‡gi K‡qKwU b`x| G‡`i g‡a¨ wRbwRivg eo| wRbwRiv‡gi DrcwË †gNvj‡qi ce©Z‡kªYx †_‡K| †gNvjq fvi‡Z GKwU cvnvox ivR¨| GLvbKvi eo AvKl©Y RjcÖcvZ¸‡j| SY©vavivi †`k| we‡k¦i me‡P‡q †ekx e„wócvZ nq †PivcywćZ| †mB †PivcywćZ Aew¯’Z GB †gNvj‡q| G‡Zv e„wó, G‡Zv Rj; †m¸‡jv mgy‡`ª hv‡e Kx fv‡e? ZviB wKQy Rj enb K‡i wRbwRivg|

GLv‡b Mv‡ivcvnvo, Kv‡jvcvnvo, gxiRygjv cvnv‡oi †XD †Ljv‡bv i“c †iŠgvix †_‡K †`Lv hvq| eW©vi cvi n‡q cvnv‡o IV‡j Mv‡iv, Lvwm †g‡q‡`i m‡½ †`Lv n‡q hvq| G‡`i Mv‡qi iO dm©v| e¨env‡i AgvwqK Avi LyeB ¯§vU© I ivRbxwZ m‡PZb| 2009-G fvi‡Z †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii 9Rb bvix gš¿xi g‡a¨ †gNvjq Kb¨ AMv_v mvOgv GKRb| eq‡m wZwb me©Kwbô| eqm gvÎ 28| n‡jb †÷U gš¿x| Av‡Mi Kv‡j ‡iŠgvix ivwRecy‡ii gvbyl Aev‡a Hme ¯’v‡b †h‡Zv| wKš‘ GLb Zv m¤¢e bq| cvm‡cvU© jv‡M| wfmv jv‡M| GLb `y‡i `„wó wb‡¶c Ki‡jB †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq GKwU HwZnvwmK cvnvo| bvg gxiRygjv cvnvo| w`wj­i †gvMj myev`vi gxiRygjv Avmvg weR‡qi ci (1663wLª.) †divi c‡_ GLv‡b nUvr gviv hvb| ZvB GB cvnv‡oi Dci Zv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq| Zvi mgvwai Kvi‡Y cvnvoUvi bvg nq gxiRygjv cvnvo| GB mg¯— cvnvoB †Zv wRbwRivg b`xi Drm|

wRbwRivg b`x‡Z †bŠKvevBP †Ljv AÎ GjvKvevmx‡`i GKUv cyi‡bv HwZn¨| cÖwZeQi G †Ljvi Av‡qvRb nq| b`wi Zx‡i bvbv Rv‡Zi cvwLi wePiY| †m GK Ac~e© my›`i `„k¨| GLv‡b Suv‡K Suv‡K D‡o †eovq NyNy cvwL| G †mŠ›`h© Ab¨ †Kv_vI †`Lv hvq bv| G `„k¨ †`‡L mgi cvj wew¯§Z n‡qwQ‡jb| wj‡L‡Qb †jvK mvwn‡Z¨ †iŠgvix MÖ‡š’|

NvNU :

iscyi kni †Kv‡bv b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z bq| kni †_‡K wZb gvBj `y‡i wbm‡eZM‡Äi cvk w`‡q mwc©j MwZ‡Z e‡q P‡j‡Q †QvU b`x NvNU| Gi DrcwË bxjdvixi wK‡kviMÄ Dc‡Rjvi wZ¯—v †_‡K| A_©vr wZ¯—vi GKUv kvLv b`x NvNU| Gi cªvPxb bvg NN©U| cxiMvQv Ges mv`yj¨vcyi Dc‡Rjvi Dci w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q NvNU MvBevÜv kn‡i †cŠ‡Q| c‡i dzjQwo Dc‡Rjvi Dˇi wg‡k hvq eªþcy‡Îi m‡½| cxiMvQvq Gi kvLv b`x AvjvBKzwo| Avi iscyi kn‡ii DcK‡Ú Gi kvLvi bvg †Ucv b`x| iscyi-e¸ov gnvmo‡K NvN‡Ui Ici wbwg©Z †mZzwUi bvg Ô`g`gvcyjÕ| ¯’v‡bi bv‡g bvg|

gvbvm :

gvbvm wZ¯—vi GKwU kvLv b`x| bxjdvgvixi wK‡kviMÄ Dc‡Rjvq Gi DrcwË| M½vPov Dc‡Rjvi eyKwP‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i iscy‡ii KvDwbqv Dc‡Rjvq| c‡i cxiMÄ Dc‡Rjvq Xy‡K, MvBevÜvi my›`iMÄ Dc‡Rjv‡K we`vqx mvjvg w`‡q hgybvq wM‡q †kl Mš—‡e¨ †cuŠ‡Q| gvbvm b`xi Zx‡iB wewoi Rb¨ cÖwm× I Ônvgvi `¨vk nvivMvQÕ MÖ‡š’i †jLK gyn¤§` Aveyj Kv‡k‡gi kni nvivMvQ|

AvwLiv :

AvwLiv GKwU †QvUª b`x| b`x bv e‡j Lvj ejvB DËg| Ôcjvkx hy‡×vËi Avhv`x msMÖv‡g cv`cxVÕ MÖ‡š’ dzj‡PŠwKi nvq`vi Avwj †PŠayixI e‡j‡Qb, 1176 e½v‡ã gnv`ywf©‡¶i mgq Ri“ix wfwˇZ Lv`¨ mieiv‡ni Rb¨ †h Lvj Lbb Kiv nq wgVvcyKzi I cxiMÄ Dc‡Rjvi g‡a¨ ZviB bvg AvwLiv| AvwLiv b`x Avwg †`‡LwQ| Zvi Dci AvwLivcyj cvi n‡q ivYxcyKz‡i wM‡qwQ ˆkke ˆKk‡i eûevi| †mUv 195-1958wLª÷v‡ãi K_v| ZLb Avwg ivYxcyKzi nvB¯‹z‡j coZvg cÂg I ló †kªYx‡Z| †`‡LwQ b`x‡Z †QvU †QvU AvwKi| ZvB Gi bvg AvwKiv wVKB n‡q‡Q| †mB AuvwKivi Acåsk i“c AvwLiv|

AvwLiv b`xi Drcw˯’‡jI Avwg eûevi wM‡qwQ cvwL wkKv‡i Ges eb‡fvRb Ki‡Z| evBmvB‡K‡j P‡o Avgiv `yB fvB †hZvg eyjy Avi `yjy| †mUv AvR †_‡K 50 eQi Av‡Mi K_v| Zey&I me ¯§„wZ GL‡bv ¯§„wZc‡U D¾¡j| wKQyB fywjwb| wekvj wej| PZz©w`‡K Gi cwiwa 2 eM©gvB‡ji Kg bq| Gi GK cÖv‡š— e›`yK Pvjv‡j †m kã Aci cÖv‡š—i †jvK ïb‡Z cvq bv| bvbv Rv‡Zi cvwLi wePiY| mv`veK, KvwYeK, evwjnvm, cvb‡KŠwo, Rjwcwc, mvBc Av‡iv K‡Zv wKQy| `k w`M‡š—i bxwjgv †cwi‡q cvwLiv GLv‡b G‡m Rgv n‡Zv| wejUv‡K ¯’vbxq †jv‡Kiv e‡j Ôevqvbœ evRvi †Zcvbœ MwjÕ| GUv GKUv wKse`š—x kã| GB we‡ji Dˇi iscyi m`i Dc‡Rjvaxb m`¨tcy¯‹wiYx BDwbq‡bi †klcÖv‡š— I KzÛx ciMYvi Rwg`vievwo; `w¶‡Y wgVvcyKzi Dc‡Rivi †kl DËi-`w¶Y cÖv‡š— wmivR U¨vKvbx MÖvg| GLvb †_‡K ˆKeZ©ivR fx‡gi ivRavbx †Mvcvjcyi †ewk `~‡i bq| fx‡gi MoI i‡q‡Q wejwUi cv‡k| wekvjZvi Kvi‡Y GB wejwUi bvg nq Ô†PŠÏf~ebÕ| A_©vr †PŠÏUv fye‡bi mgvb Gi AvqZb| AvwLiv b`xi Drm GB wej| Zvici †kl †Kv_vq? Q›` w`‡q ej‡j ejv hvq|

                                      wej †_‡K b`x n‡q we‡j wg‡k †ek

                           Zv †_‡K Rj wb‡q †NvovNv‡U †kl|

cxiM‡Ä †h we‡j wM‡q AvwLiv wg‡k †M‡jv, Zvi bvg Kx? GeviI GKwU Qovi Avkªq wb‡Z nq| †mB QovwU wj‡L‡Qb cxiM‡Äi e‡iY¨ e¨w³Ë¡ wk¶vwe` L›`Kvi Avãyj MwY m¨vi| iscyi †Rjv ¯‹z‡j (1959-1964) wZwb Avgvi wk¶K wQ‡jb| wZwb Qov-KweZv wjL‡Zb my›`i| wj‡L‡Qb-

          Ô‡h_v evN wkqv‡ji WvK ïwbqv

       Nyg AvwmZvg iv‡Z,

       eowejvi cvwLi Wv‡K

       ‡R‡M DVZvi cÖv‡ZÕ|

‡mB eowejv bvgK we‡j wM‡q c‡o AvwLiv| Zvici Wye muvZvi †K‡U I Ky‡j I‡V Avevi ïi“ K‡i c_Pjv| Pj‡Z Pj‡Z wM‡q Zvi †`Lv †g‡j Ki‡Zvqvi| Ki‡Zvqv Zv‡K ey‡K †U‡b †bq| †m Abš—Kv‡ji Rb¨ wg‡k hvq Ki‡Zvqvi D`‡i| nvwi‡q †d‡j wb‡Ri bvg I Aw¯—Z¡| †mI n‡q hvq Ki‡Zvqv| g~jZ GUv hgy‡bk¦ix b`x| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b hgy‡bk¦ix bvg Ki‡Zvqv| PvovjKvUv Ges †`IbvB bv‡gI hgy‡bk¦ixi cwiwPwZ wewfbœ ¯’v‡b|

hgy‡bk¦ix :

                             iscy‡ii MÖv‡g GKUv avuavu Av‡Q-

                     ÔDwV‡Z  SUvs cwo‡Z cvnvo

                     j¶ j¶ Rxe gv‡i bv K‡i AvnviÕ|

huvi Gi A_© Rv‡b bv, Zvuiv fve‡Z _v‡K, wPš—v K‡i| _v‡K wbe©vK| nvRvi †Póv K‡iI DËi Luy‡R cvq bv| Avi hvuiv Rv‡b Zvuiv PU K‡i e‡j Rvj (gyURvj)| †mB gyURvj w`‡q wWw½ †bŠKvq P‡o Pv›`vgvixi Mwie †R‡jiv mvivw`b †h b`x‡Z grm¨ wkKvi K‡i ZviB bvg hgy‡bk¦ix| †h‡nZz Avgvi Rb¥¯’vb GB hgy‡bk¦ix b`xi Zx‡i KzZzecyi Ai“‡bœmv MÖv‡g e`iMÄ †_‡K 6 gvBj `w¶‡Y, ZvB GB b`xi K_v Avwg Ab¨fv‡e, Avgvi g‡bi g‡Zv K‡i cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z PvB| K‡Zv ivRc_ Rbc_ Nyijvg, gi“f~wg mvM‡ii mxgvbvq, Avgvi Mv‡qui b`xwU‡K RM‡Zi †miv g‡b nq|

hgy‡bk¦ix‡Z ev‡iv gvm Rj _v‡K | Li‡mªvZv bq| kvš— স্নিগ্ধ b`x| ˆekvL gv‡m Rj K‡g †M‡j iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii KweZv nq,

                             ÔAvgv‡`i †QvU b`x P‡j evu‡K evu‡K

‰ekvL gv‡m Zvi nvUz Rj _v‡KÕ|

nuvUzRj cvi n‡Z wM‡q ˆkk‡e jy½x Dc‡i Zz‡j K‡Zvevi ‡h w`M¤^i n‡qwQ Zvi wn‡me †bB| Avgiv eyjy-`yjy `yB fvB I eywj ey wM‡qwQ b`x †cwi‡q bvbvievwo ˆeivgcyi (Pv›`vgvix)| Avi fiv b`x cvi n‡qwQ wekvj †bŠKvq †K‡kv NvwUqv‡ji Nv‡U| KL‡bv Pv›`vgvixi †R‡j‡`i †bŠKv fvov K‡i †bŠc‡_ gv‡qi m‡½I wM‡qwQ bvbvi evwo| Avi my‡hvM †c‡jB weªwUk †gW GKbvjv e›`yK wb‡q wM‡q nvwRi n‡qwQ hgy‡bk¦ix evjyP‡i| mvwi mvwi স্নাইপ emv| Kx my›`i `„k¨ ! g‡b GKUzI wØav nqwb cvwL¸‡jvi Rxe‡bi Rb¨| ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i Zvi gvsm †L‡q Z…wß Abyfe K‡iwQ| cvwL wkKvi †e AvBbx †mUv H hy‡M wQ‡jv bv| GLb `~i †`‡k e‡m hLb fvewQ, wb‡Ri Mªv‡gi hgy‡bk¦ixi K_v, ZLb evi evi wb‡Ri Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K Acivax g‡b n‡”Q| †mB †h GK ¸wj‡Z 9Uv  স্নাইপা (Snipe) †g‡iwQjvg, †m¸‡jv †Zv hgy‡bk¦ix b`xiB weDwU| †m weDwU bó K‡iwQ Avwg wbg©g ü`‡q| †m-Rb¨ AvR Avd‡mvm n‡”Q।

iscy‡ii b`-b`x wb‡q hvuiv cÖeÜ-wbeÜ wj‡L‡Qb, M‡elYv Ki‡Qb, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg Ave`ym mvËvi I Avãyj AvwRR| Zvu‡`i †jLv c‡o Rvbv hvq, hgy‡bk¦ix b`xi PviUv bvg -‡`IbvB, PvovjKvUv, Ki‡Zvqv I hgy‡bk¦ix| †Z‡e †h fv‡½ bv †mUvI wVK bq| †h mg¯— ¯’v‡b euvK †bq, †mLv‡b R‡ji †mªv‡Zi av°vq cvo fv‡½| evwo-Ni wejxb nq| ‰eivgcy‡ii weËkvjx †RvZ`vi, weªwUk Avg‡ji BDwbqb cÂv‡qZ Ges gymwjgjxM †bZv ev”Pv wgqv cvBKv‡ii ivRevwoi g‡Zv cvKv evwo, my›`i e‡U meB AvR hgy‡bk¦ixi M‡f© wg‡k †M‡Q| ïay ZvB bq, Zuvi PZz`©kx Kb¨vI gviv hvb hgy‡bk¦ix‡Z †Mvmj Ki‡Z wM‡q| †mªvZ Zuv‡K †U‡b wb‡q hvq| †mUv eûw`b Av‡Mi K_v| ZLb Avgiv 10/12 eQ‡ii evjK| †mB Kb¨vi bvg Rvbv| Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I cwiPqUv w`‡qB †dwj, †mB giûgvi Rvbv Avgvi Avcb Lvjv| wjL‡Z †M‡j eû wKQyB †jLv hvq hgy‡bk¦ix‡K wb‡q|

GKev‡ii GKUv NUbvewj| Pv›`vgvixi †R‡j‡`iI Rv‡j wekvj GKUv gvQ aiv co‡jv| Ggb gvQ hv †KD †Kvbw`b †`‡Lwb| bvgI Rv‡b bv †KD| †Kv_v †_‡K G‡jv, Kxfv‡e Gjv meB †h‡bv inm¨| ¯’vbxq Zi“Yiv GK‡RvU n‡q A‡Pbv gvQUv‡K wK‡b wb‡jv| Zvici Av‡qvRb Ki‡jv ej‡fvR‡bi| Avwg ZLb †Rjv ¯‹z‡ji QvÎvev‡m _vwK| H w`b Avwg evwo‡Z G‡m nvwRi| gvQwUi K_v ï‡b QyUjvg Ai“‡bœmv cÖvBgvix ¯‹z‡j(GLb nvB¯‹zj I K‡jR)| wM‡q f‡q f‡q GK UzKiv †Ljvg| ejjvg, Ô`vi“Y †Uó †ZvÕ| cv‡k emv GKwU †Q‡j ej‡jv, Ô¯^v` n‡e bv GUv †h evsi“gvQÕ| g‡bi †Lqv‡j evwb‡q evwb‡q GKUv bvg w`‡jv evsi“gvQ| GLb `xN© 50wU eQi ci, hgy‡bk¦ixi Ici wjL‡Z wM‡q fvewQ, H evsi“ gvQwU Avevi Wjwdb bq †Zv?

nvivMv‡Qi agb`xi KZ©„gvQ, eªþcy‡Îi i“B Avi wPZ‡ji g‡Zv hgy‡bk¦ixi AvwQg Avi ¸Yx gv‡Qi ¯^v` Ac~e© | ZvB Ôe„nËi e`iM‡Äi BwZnvm I HwZn¨Õ MÖ‡š’ Avwg wj‡LwQ-

          ¯^”Qmwjjv my¯^v`y gv‡Qi Ac~e© GK b`x

       AvuKv-evuKv †QvUª-my›`i bvg hgy‡bk¦ix|

e`iMÄ †_‡K 8gvBj `w¶‡Y bv‡Mi nv‡Ui Kv‡Q hgy‡bk¦ix‡Z GKwU wekvj †mZz wbg©vY Kiv n‡jv m¤cÖwZ| 8 †KvwU 16 j¶¨ UvKv e¨v‡q ˆZwi †mZzwUi ˆ`N¨© 216 wgUvi I cÖ¯’ 10 wgUvi| 7wU wcjvi wb‡P| ga¨cvov KwVb wkjv cÖK‡íi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbwg©Z n‡jv GB †mZz|

e`iM‡Äi Kv‡Q hgy‡bk¦ix b`x‡Z GKwU †ewj-weªR ˆZwi n‡jv 1990wLª÷v‡ã| 82 j¶ UvKv e¨‡q wbwg©Z GB eªxRwU 125wgUvi ˆ`N¨©| û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gikv` n¨vwjKÞv‡i D‡o G‡m weªRwU D‡Øvab Ki‡jb 6B AvM÷, 1990-‡Z| †mUv Gikv‡`i hyM| iscyii †jvK Zvui Rb¨ cvMj| H w`b bvbv iO-‡ei‡Oi †cv÷vi Avi RvZxq cZvKvq mymw¾Z K‡i †mZzwU‡K e`iMÄevmx| bvbv K_vi gvjv w`‡q Dòmsea©bv Rvbvq Zviv Gikv`‡K| GKwU e„n`vKvi e¨vbv‡i eo eo A¶‡i †jLv wQj ÔGikv` nvgvi, nvgiv Gikv‡`iÕ| `„k¨wU H w`b iv‡Zi Le‡i djvI K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡jv evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfk‡b| mv`v c¨v›U-kvU© cov †cÖwm‡W›U Gikv`‡K AvgivI †`Ljvg| Zv‡K LyeB D”Qj Avi cÖvYeš— †`Lvw”Qj| cv‡k †`Lv hvw”Qj e`iM‡Äi cÖ_g Dc‡Rjv †Pqvig¨vb D¾¡j Zi“Y gyn¤§` Avjx miKvi I Zuvi `w¶Yn¯— AvKgj ‡nv‡mb‡K|

D‡Øvabx Abyôv‡bi ci iscy‡ii ev‡n fvlvi GK e„ׇK Gikv` mv‡ne ej‡jb, Ôev‡n cyjLvbv K¨vsKv nB‡PÕ?

AKc‡U e„× mcÖwZffv‡e ej‡jb, Ôcyj †Zv fv‡jv nB‡P, Zv Ikvi GKbv KgÕ| A_©vr PIov Kg| GZB Kg †h `yLvbv Mvwo cvkvcvwk Pj‡Z cv‡i bv, cv‡i ïay wiKªv | ZLb Gikv` mv‡ne ej‡jb, wVK Av‡Q Gi cv‡k Avi GKwU †mZz wbg©vY Kiv n‡e| Gi Aíw`b c‡i 6wW‡m¤^i, 1990 †Z †Zv GK MY-Afy¨Ìv‡b Gikv` mv‡n‡ei cZb n‡jv| AvR 2012 ch©š— Avi wØZxq ‡mZzi gyL †`L‡jv bv e`iMÄevmx| ZviciI ej‡Z n‡e †mZzwU ¶z`ª n‡jI iscyi-e`iM‡Ä (23wK.wg.c_) hvZvqv‡Z GK be w`M‡š—i m~Pbv nq| hgy‡bk¦ixi Dcb`x wZbwU KvUMwo, AvwLiv I wPKwj| wPKwj b`xi Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv c‡i AvmwQ| Gevi KvUMwo|

KvUMwo :

b` ci“l, Avi b`x bvix| GUv e¨vKi‡Yi fvlv| eªþvi gvmbcyÎ e‡jB eªþcyÎ b`| eªþvi Kb¨v n‡j eªþcyÎ b` bv n‡q b`x n‡Zv| GUv eywS| wKš‘ Lvj‡K †K‡bv b`x ejv nq, GUv Avgvi †evaMg¨ bq| KvUv Lvj‡K AvwLiv b`x ejv n‡”Q; GKBfv‡e †Kv`vj w`‡q †K‡U Mov KvUMwo Lvj‡K eB-cy¯—‡K Ges miKvwi fvlvq ejv n‡”Q b`x| b`xi msÁv Avgvi Rvbv †bB| Z‡e GUzKz Rvwb AuvwLiv Ges KvUMwo‡Z ev‡iv gvm cvwb _v‡K bv, †bŠKvI P‡jbv| GLv‡b elv©Kv‡j cvwb M‡o, kxZKv‡j Mi“ P‡o| Avi AuvwLiv Ges KvUMwo‡K b`x ej‡j iscyi kn‡ii eyK wP‡i e‡q hvIqv k¨vgvmy›`ix, KvUMwo Ges AvwLiv cÖ‡¯’ GKB iKg| KvV‡cw݇ji g‡Zv wPKb Lvj| ˆ`‡N¨© kv¨vgmy›`ix I KvUMwo mgvb 9gvBj| cv_©K¨ GK RvqMvq k¨vgvmy›`ix bexb, Avi KvUMwo cÖexY| k¨vgvmy›`ixi Rb¥ 1890wLª÷v‡ã, Avi KvUMwoi Rb¥ nq‡Zv ev nvRvi eQi Av‡M|

nvRvi eQi Av‡M (1071wLª.) e`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvaxb †Mvcvjcyi BDwbq‡b (k¨vgcyi †ij †÷k‡bi Kv‡Q) ˆKeZ©ivR fxg e‡i›`ªf~wgi ivRavbx K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv Avgiv Rvwb| ivRavYx‡K myiw¶Z Kivi Rb¨ wZwb GKUv gvwUi Mo ˆZwi K‡ib hv Ôfx‡gi MoÕ bv‡g Av‡Rv we`¨gvb| MowUi ïi“ †Mvcvjcy‡i| KvUMwo b`xi c~e© cv‡i| Mo Avi Lv‡ji m¤úK© †h‡bv GKB m~‡Î Mv_v| ZvB GUv Abygvb Kiv m½Z †h, whwb fx‡gi M‡oi wbg©vZv, wZwbB KvUMwo Lv‡ji LbbKvix|

iscyi †ij-‡÷k‡b cve©ZxcyiMvgx †Uª‡b Po‡j 8gvBj c‡i k¨vgcyi †ij‡÷kb| `yB †ij †÷k‡bi gv‡S GZv `yiZ¡ evsjv‡`‡k Avi †Kv_vI Av‡Q e‡j Avgvi Rvbv †bB| Avevi k¨vgcyi †ij †÷kb I cieZx© AvDwjqvbMi †ij-†÷kb `ywUi gv‡Si `yi“Z¡ gvÎ †`ogvBj| k¨vgcyi †÷k‡b †Uª‡bi Kvgivq e‡m Dˇi ZvKv‡j †`Lv hv‡e k¨vgcyi wPwbKj Avi AvDwjqvbMi †÷k‡bi KvQvKvwQ †ijjvB‡bi `yav‡i `„wó‡MvPi n‡e weivU Rjvkq| GB Rjvk‡qi bvg bvw›`qvi wej| GB wej †_‡KB KvUMwoi DrcwË ejv n‡q _v‡K| Avevi †KD †KD e‡jb bvw›`qvi `xwNB KvUMwoi Drm| †Uª‡bi Kvgiv †_‡K `w¶‡Y ZvKv‡j DPz cv‡oi wekvj †h GKwU `xwN †Pv‡L c‡o, ZviB bvg bvw›`qvi `xwN| 62 GKi Rwgi Ici Mov GB `xwNi `w¶Y cv‡oi gyL †Lvjv cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K| GUvI GKUv inm¨| AvaywbK BwZnvm M‡elK‡`i Abygvb fx‡gi ‡bŠ-eni ﮋ †gŠmy‡g `xwN‡Z †bvOi Kiv n‡Zv e‡jB Lv‡ji GKw`‡K KvUv|

KvUMwo b`xi Dci wbwg©Z K‡qKwU HwZnvwmK cy‡ji K_v Gevi

ejv n‡e| GB b`x‡Z cy‡ji msL¨v Lye †ekx †bB| eo †Rvi 4/5Uv | Gig‡a¨ wZbwU cvKv| b`xi ïi“I `yÕgvBj `w¶‡Y †jvwnZ g„ZwËKvi MÖvg c`vMÄ| Dc‡Rjv wgVvcyKzi| Gi Kv‡Q cÖvPxb cvKv cyjwUi bvg ey`v kv‡ni cyj| ey`v kvn wQ‡jb AÎ Aćji bvgKiv abx e¨vw³| wZwb G cyj evwb‡q †`b| Zvi wcZv c`vkv‡ni bv‡g ¯’vbUvi nq c`vMÄ| GLv‡b b`xi c~e© Zx‡i Av‡gi Rb¨ cÖwm× c`vMÄnvU, Avi `w¶Y Zx‡i KzZzecyi BDwbqb| GLvb †_‡K gvBj Lv‡bK c‡i Kv‡Vicyj| Kv‡Vi cyj GLb cvKvcyj n‡q‡Q| Kv‡Vicy‡ji GKgvBj `w¶‡Yi cvKv cyjwUi bvg kvgmvicyjÕ|

kvgmv ( nvRvx kvn gvgy` kvn) wQ‡jb AÎ GjvKvi bvgKvi e¨w³| eo †RvZ`vi I ej`xcyKzi G‡÷‡Ui Rwg`vi| 1932wLªóv‡ã wZwb KvUMwo b`x‡Z GKwU cvKv cyjwUi bvg kvgmvicyjÕ|

AvZ¥cÖPvi bq, eis BwZnvm‡K a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ ej‡Z n‡”P; GB †jLK kvgmvi cÖ‡cŠÎ| Zvui wØZxq cyÎ nvRx Qwdi DÏxb kvn we.G;we.Gj;Gg.Gj.G (1937) GB †jL‡Ki wcZvgn| Avi nvRx QwdiDÏxb kv‡ni Rbbx Ai“‡bœQvi bv‡g KzZzecyi DËicvovi bvg AvR Ai“‡bœQv|

Gevi Aci GKwU HwZnvwmK cy‡ji K_vq Avwm| kvm‡mi cyj †_‡K 2gvBj `w¶‡Y bv‡Minv‡Ui Kv‡Q †mB cyj| bvg †MvmvBicyj| GB cyj wbg©vY K‡ib wbKUeZx© mv‡neM‡Äi wn›`y Rwg`vi, hvi Dcvwa wQ‡jv †MvmvB| cÖK…Z bvg nbygvb wMwi| evwo wQ‡jv iscyii Avw` kni gvwnM‡Ä| GB cyj AwZ cÖvPxb| eZ©gv‡b wejyß| GLb bZzb K‡i e„n`vKvi cyj ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q, ga¨cvov KwVb wkjv cÖK‡í hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ GLvb †_‡K HwZnvwmK dzj‡PŠwK MÖvg Dˇi †`o/`yB gvBj| dzj‡PŠwKi BZnvm M‡elK nvq`vi Avwj †PŠayix Zvi M‡elYv MÖš’ cjvkx hy‡×vËi Avhv`x msMÖv‡gi cv`cxV G †MvmvBicyj Gi D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb| Avi G K_vI e‡j‡Qb, 1773 wLªóv‡ã dwKi mbœ¨vmx we‡`ªvn Ges 1783 wLª÷v‡ã K…lK cÖRv we‡`ªvn Gi mgq wec­ex †bZvi GB cy‡ji Ici w`‡q hvZvqvZ Ki‡Zb| GB cy‡ji 2gvBj `w¶‡Y KzZzecyi BDwbq‡bi †kl cÖv‡š— cv‡bi ei‡Ri Rb¨ weL¨vZ nvwkqv MÖv‡g KvUMwo b`x wgwjZ nq hgy‡bk¦ixi m‡½|

wPKwj :

wPKjx GKwU wPKb b`x| wZš—v, eªþcy‡Îi n‡Zv cÖk¯— bq; Avevi AvwLiv, KvUMwoi g‡Zv mi“ I bq| GLv‡b mviv eQi Rj‡mªvZ _v‡K| †bŠKvI PjvPj K‡i| †kŠwLb ågY-wejvmxiv †bŠKvq eb‡fvRbI K‡i| GB b`xi Zx‡i G Kv‡j iscyii elx©qvb †jLK I cÖvÁ mvwnwZ¨K Aa¨vcK (Ae.) gyn¤§` Avjxg DÏxb Gi evwo e`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvq †gv¯—dvcy‡i| wPKwji DrcwË bxjvdvgvix †Rjvi GKwU wegvj wej †_‡K| Drm †_‡K cÖevwnZ n‡q e`iMÄ e›`‡ii Kv‡Q ¶xY hgy‡bk¦ixi m‡½ wgwjZ n‡h cÖk¯— hgy‡bk¦ix n‡q‡Q| d‡j GLv‡bB wPKwj b`xi mwjj mgvwa nq| Gi Aci bvg Dˇi eywo‡Lvjv|

Ab¨vb¨ b`x :

bxjvdvgvixi me©g½jv I LiLwiqv; jvjgwYinvU KvjxM‡Äi mZxb`x; MvBevÜvi evOvjx b`x;cxiMÄ, iscy‡ii GKwU wej †_‡K Drcbœ nIqv †QvUª b‡jqv b`x QvovI Av‡iv †QvU †QvU b`x I Lvj eû Qwo‡q i‡q‡Q mviv e„nËi iscyi †Rjv Ry‡o| ZvB Avgiv Ôiscyii i“cÕ eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q wj‡LwQ-

          b`xi †hb Aš— †bB R‡ji †bB Aewa

       e‡q P‡j‡Q Gi D”Qj Rjaviv ew¼g Zvi MwZ|

aygb`x bv‡gi Av‡iv GKUv Lvj Av‡Q nvivMv‡Q| hvi R‡j evm Kiv weL¨vZ KZ…©gv‡Qi K_v Avgiv Av‡MB D‡j­L K‡iwQ| nvivMv‡Qi ¯^fveKwe Gg.G. †kv‡qe `yjvj Ôaygb`xÕ bv‡g GKevi GKUv my›`i cwÎKv †ei K‡iwQ‡jb| gvSLv‡b Øxc Avi Gi PZzw`©‡K e„ËvKv‡i †Niv †mªvZnxb GB b`x‡Z †`ex †PŠayivYxi †bŠKv PjvPj Ki‡Zv e‡j wKse`š—x | †mLvbvKvi b`x‡ewóZ GK wekvj DPuy f~wg‡KB ejv nq aygMo|

           Z_¨m~Î:

·        Ôev½vjxj BwZnvmÕ t bxnviiÄb ivq|

·        Ôiscyi †Rjvi b`-b`xÕ t Avãym mvËvi|

·        Ôiscy‡ii b`-b`x cwiPqÕ (cÖeÜ) t Avãyj AvwRR

·        cÖeÜÔwZ¯—v e¨v‡iR I DËie‡½i DbœqbÕ t ikx` evey, Ô‰`wbK evsjv evRviÕ, 14BRyjvB1993|

·        cÖ‡KŠkjx Gbvgyj nK, cvwb Dbœqb †evW©, XvKv-Gi mv¶vrKvi| 

Awe¯§iYxq mvZ

                                                                               

1.    be fvi‡Zi cw_K…Z :                               

AvaywbK fviZe‡l©i cw_K…Z gbxlx ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq| ûMjx‡Z Zvui Rb¥ 1772 wLª÷v‡ã| wZwb wQ‡jb evsjv, ms¯‹…Z, Bs‡iRx, Aviwe Ges dvwm© fvlvq `¶| cweÎ KziAvb c‡o bvix‡`i AwaKv‡ii my›`i e¨e¯’v †`‡L wZwb gy» n‡jb| †mLv‡b i‡q‡Q weaev weev‡ni cÖPjb | A_P H hy‡M wn›`y †g‡qiv weaev n‡j ÔmZx`v‡niÕ bv‡g Zuv‡`i wPZvi Ab‡j †Rvi K‡i cywo‡q nZ¨v Kiv n‡Zv| 1818 wLªóv‡ã ïay KjKvZv kn‡i 533 Rb weaev‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| fviZxq wn›`y‡`i g‡a¨ me©cÖ_g GB cÖ_vi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡jb ivg‡gvnb| cyZzj c~Rvi wei“‡× 16eQi eq‡m wj‡Lj Ô†cŠËwjK cÖYvjxÕ MÖš’| G‡Z µz× n‡q wcZv ivgKvš— ivq Zvu‡K evwo †_‡K †ei K‡i w`‡jb| c‡i M„‡n wdi‡jb| Avevi Zvui gvZv ZvwiYx †`ex Zvu‡K evwo †_‡K ewn¯‹vi Ki‡jb mZx`vn cÖ_vi wei“‡× hvIqvi Rb¨| ïay ZvB bq Zvu‡K Ôweagx©Õ AvL¨v w`‡q gv ZvwiYx †`ex cy‡Îi wei“‡× †Kv‡U© gvgjv Ki‡jb hv‡Z ivg‡gvnb wcZvi Rwg`vixi Ask bv cvb| gvgjvi iv‡q ivg‡gvnb wRZ‡jI wZwb †¯^”Qvq m¤úwË †bbwb| ZvuiB †Póvq 1829 wLª÷v‡ã jW© †ebwU¼ mZx`vn cÖ_v wbwl× †NvlYv Ki‡jb|

c‡i hw`I wZwb e¨emv K‡i abx n‡qwQ‡jb Ges KjKvZvq GKvwaK evwoi gvwjK n‡qwQ‡jb;Zey&I GK mgq A_© K‡ó c‡ob| ZLbB wZwb eva¨ n‡q PvKwi K‡ib| †mB PvKwii m~‡Î Ô‡`IqvbÕ n‡q Zvui iscy‡i AvMgb| iscy‡i evm Ki‡jb 5 eQi| 1809 †_‡K 1814 wLªóvã ch©š—| ZLb wWw÷ª± Kv‡j±i wQ‡jb Bs‡iR mv‡ne wg.wWMex|

cvðvZ¨ Ávb, ixwZ-bxwZ I wPš—vaviv m‡½ fviZxq wPš—vaviv I ixwZbxwZi mgš^q mva‡bi cÖ_g D‡`¨v³v ivg‡gvnb| ¸i“M¤¢xi welq wb‡q evsjvq cÖ_g cÖeÜ iPwqZvI wZwb| wZwb 30 wU evsjv eB wj‡Lb| GKwU e¨vKiY MÖš’I iPbv K‡ib| bvg †`b Ô†MŠoxq fvlvi e¨vKiYÕ| Avi agx©q Kzms¯‹vi D‡c¶v K‡i whwb mgy`ª cvwo w`‡q fviZxq‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g Bsj¨vÛ †M‡jb, wZwbI H ivg‡gvnb ivq| wn›`ya‡g©i wei“‡× wZwb G‡Kk¦iev`x †h GKUv bZzb  a‡g©i cÖeZ©b Ki‡jb Zvi bvg eªvþag©Õ| wcÖÝ ØviKvbv_ VvKz‡ii mn‡hvwMZvq wZwb ÔeªvþmgvRÕ cÖwZôv K‡ib 1828 wLªóv‡ã| GB cÖwZôv‡bi mwnZ RwoZ wQ‡jb ZrKvjxb e„nËi evsjvi eo eo ivRv, gnvivRv,Ávbx-¸Yx-weØvb e¨w³iv| hv`yi KvwVi ¯ú‡k©i g‡Zv †mBme Av‡jvwKZ gvbyl ¸‡jv nb Zuvi cÖewZ©Z bZzb G‡Kk¦iev`x a‡g©i AbyivMx| †KvPwenv‡ii gnvivRv b„‡c›`ªbvivqY Ges KvwKbvi ivRviv eªvþag© MÖnY K‡ib| KvwKbvi ivRvivB iscy‡i eªvþgw›`i wbg©vY K‡ib| ivg‡gvnb ¯§viK eªvþgw›`i GLb gvbe Ke‡j aŸsmcÖvß| iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii wcZvgn ØviKvbv_ VvKzi, wcZv gnwl© †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKz&i eªvþa‡g©i Abymvix nb| ¯^qs iex›`ªbv_ VvKziI| ZvB iex›`ªbv_ H mgq GK mªóvi Dcvmbvq wb‡ew`Z wKQy PgrKvi KweZv wjL‡jb-

Avgv‡i †hb bv Kwi cÖPvi

Avgvi Avcb Kv‡R

‡Zvgvi B”Qv Ki †n c~Y©

Avgvi Rxb gv‡SÕ

wKsev-ÔAvgvi gv_v bZ K‡i `vI †n †Zvgvi

PiY a~jvi Z‡j,

mKj AnsKv‡i †n Avgvi WyevI †Pv‡Li R‡j|

iex›`ªbv_ kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b eªþPh©vkª‡gi Aa¨vcK wb‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb bvgKiv cwÛZ w¶wZ‡gvnb †mb‡K| †mB w¶wZ‡gvnb †m‡bi †`ŠwnÎ A_©bxwZ‡Z †bv‡ej weRqx wk¶vwe` AgZ©¨ ‡mb| w¶wZ‡gvnb †mb eûevi iscy‡i G‡m‡Qb cÖvPxb cyuw_ msMÖ‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨|

ivg‡gvnb cÖm‡½ Avmv hvK Gevi| ivg‡gvnb iv‡qi g‡Zv GKRb KvjRqx gbxlxi iscy‡i evm, GUv GKUv Awe¯§iYxq BwZnvm| wZwb iscy‡i †h eªvþgw›`i wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb, †m gw›`‡ii wPü GLb †bB| Z‡e fv‡jv‡e‡m iscy‡ii gvbyl Zvui ¯§„wZi D‡Ï‡k¨ MVb K‡i Ôivg‡gvnb K¬veÕ 1926 wLªóv‡ã|

wZwb hLb Bsj¨v‡Û hvb, Zvui e¨qfvi enb K‡iwQ‡jb iscy‡ii Kvgvj DÏxb| †m K_vq Avgiv c‡i AvmwQ| Gevi Zvui Bsj¨vÛ hvIqvi Kvwnbx Ges †kl cwiYwZi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡e|

w`wj­i ev`kvn ZLb AvKevi kv&n (2) bvggvÎ ev`kvn| mg¯— ¶gZv weªwUk kvmK Bó BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbxi nv‡Z| wKQy b¨vh¨ AwaKvi wb‡q AvKei kvn B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbxi Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Ki‡jb| †Kv¤úvbx Zv AMÖvn¨ Ki‡jv| AMZ¨v wbi“cvq n‡q wZwb Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivRvi Kv‡Q GKRb `~Z cvVvevi wm×vš— wb‡jb| `~Z n‡Z cv‡i we`¨vq-eywׇZ Ggb †hvM¨ †jvK ev`kvn ivg‡gvnb‡K Lyu‡R †c‡jb| Zvu‡K ÔivRvÕ Dcvwa w`‡q Bsj¨v‡Û cvVv‡bvi cÖ¯—ve w`‡jb| ivg‡gvnb †m cÖ¯—ve MÖnY Ki‡jb| Zr¶Yvr we‡jZ hvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘ZI n‡jb ivg‡gvnb| wKš‘ evuav G‡jv `yÕw`K †_‡K| B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbx ev`kv‡ni `~Z‡K Bsj¨v‡Û hvIqvi AbygwZ w`‡Z ivRx bq| Avi Zvu‡K †`qv ivRv DcvwaI gvb‡Z m¤§Z bq| eyw×gvb ivg‡gvnb ZLb ej‡jb, wVK Av‡Q, Avwg mvaviY gvbyl wn‡m‡e we‡j‡Z †eov‡Z hv‡evÕ|

AMZ¨v QvocÎ w`‡Z n‡jv †Kv¤úvbx‡K | wØZxq evav G‡jv wn›`y mgv‡Ri KvQ †_‡K| eªvþ‡Yi †Q‡j n‡q mgy‡`ª ågY Ki‡e? Kvjvcvwb cvi n‡e| GUv mn¨ Kiv hvq bv| Zvu‡K mgvR PyZ¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| bvbv †PvL ivOvwb| wKš‘ ivg‡gvnb‡K _vgvq †K ? Gevi mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡jv UvKvi| †h‡Z n‡j A‡_©i `iKvi| †mUviI mgvavb Ki‡jb ev`kvn AvKei kvn ¯^qs| Z‡e UvKvUv w`wj­ †_‡K †`qv nqwb; †`qv n‡qwQ‡jv KjKvZv †_‡K| †mB weËevb e¨w³i bvg KvgvjDÏxb whwb H mgq KjKvZvi †kªô abx wQ‡jb|

KvgvjDÏxb wQ‡jb iscy‡ii gvbyl| wgVvcyKzi dzj‡PŠwK MÖv‡gi mš—vb| ZvuiB wcZv ¯^bvgab¨ beve b~i“Ïxb gyn¤§` ev‡Ki| Guiv w`wj­i †gvMj ivRes‡ki †kvwYZaviv| beve b~i“Ïx‡bi Kb¨v jvjwewe wQ‡jb ev`kvn wØZxq AvKei kv‡ni ¯¿x| Gme m~‡ÎB KjKvZvi weËkvjx e¨emvqx Kvgvj ivg‡gvn‡bi we‡jZ hvIqvi LiP enb Ki‡jb| KvgvjDÏx‡bi weË-‰ef‡ei K_v mykxj †PŠayix KjKvZvi Ô†`kÕ cwÎKvq 9B Ryb, 1990 wLªóv‡ã wj‡L‡Qb ÔGfv‡e ivRv beK…‡òi cÖwZcwË I Hk¦‡h©i †cQ‡b wQ‡jv K¬vBf| Ges Iqv‡ib †nwós‡mi m‡½ Zvui e¨emvwqK †hvMv‡hvM wQ‡jv| KvwkgevRv‡ii gnvivRv Kvš—b›`x mycwiwPZ wQ‡jb †nwós‡mi †ewbqvb wn‡m‡e| H hy‡Mi GKgvÎ weËkvjx gymjgvb e¨emvqx eviI‡q‡ji jeY e¨emvi m‡½ hy³ KvgvjDÏxb| KjKvZvq Zvu‡`i Hk¦h© wKse`š—x‡Z cwiYZ nqÕ| cÖeÜwUi bvg Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvbx I KjKvZv bMixÕ| cÖm½Z ewj, GB Kvgv‡ji bv‡gi ¯§„wZB iscyi kn‡i KvgvjKvQbv gnj­v| Kvgvj GLv‡b `ywU Kvkvbv evbvb| wb‡Ri bv‡g Kvgvj Kvkvbv; Avi ev‡Ki Kvkvbv nq evnvi KvQbv| AvR evnvi KvQbvq iscy‡ii †miv MvQMvQvwj bvmv©ixwU Aew¯’Z| Gi gvwjK gyKzj †gv¯—vwdR|

ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq hLb 6 gv‡mi c_ cvwbi Rvnv‡R IV‡jb, ZLb m‡½ wQ‡jv 4 Rb m½x| ivgiZœ, cvwjZcyÎ ivRvivg, `yÕRb PvKi ivgnwi `vm I †kLeKkx| hvÎvi¤¢ Ki‡jb ÔA¨vjweqbÕ bv‡gi Rvnv‡R| ZL‡bv †jvwnZ mvM‡i my‡qR Lvj Lbb Kiv nqwb| RvnvR `w¶Y Avwd«Kv Ny‡i †KcUvDb n‡q †h‡Zv| GB †KcUvD‡b ivg‡gvnb GK `yN©Ubvq co‡jb| Rvnv‡Ri wmuwo †e‡q bvg‡Z wM‡q GKwU cv †f‡½ †M‡jv| †m cv Avi †Rvov jv‡Mwb †Kvbw`b| ZLbB Amy¯’¨ n‡jb wZwb|

we‡j‡Z †cŠuwQ‡jb 8 GwcÖj, 1831 wLªóv‡ã| RvnvR wfo‡jv wjfvicy‡j| †mLv‡b Bsj¨vÛevmx‡`i KvQ †_‡K ¯^Ztù~Z© Af¨_©bv †c‡jb| Zvui we`¨v, cvwÛZ¨ Ges e¨vw³‡Z¡i cwiPq weª‡Ubevmx Av‡MB Rvb‡Zv| Zv cÖKvk n‡qwQ‡jv wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKvq| ZvB G‡Zv mb¥vb| eo eo bvgx-`vgx e¨w³ivI G‡m Zvui m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡jb| †mB mg‡qi w`Kcvj `vk©wbK cwÛZ †R‡iwg †ebnvg ch©š— G‡m ¯^qs †`Lv Ki‡jb ivg‡gvn‡bi m‡½|

Gevi jÛb †_‡K d«vÝ †M‡jb| †mLv‡bI †c‡jb ivRKxq msea©bv| K‡qK gvm d«v‡Ý KvwU‡q Avevi G‡jb jÛ‡b| A_© K‡ó co‡jb| †m mgm¨viI mgvavb n‡jv| †÷cjUb †MÖv‡fi GK weivU evwo‡Z wd« evm Ki‡Z w`‡jb wgm wKWj bv‡g GK weªwUk gwnjv|

‡m‡Þ¤^i, 1933-G nVvr R¡‡i co‡jb ivg‡gvnb| H mgq iscy‡ii ey‡K N‡U †M‡jv GKUv `ytLRbK NUbv | weªwUk ˆmwb‡Ki ¸wj‡Z wbnZ n‡jb ev`kvn wØZxq AvKei kv‡ni mnawg©Yx jvjwewe| †Nvovi wc‡V P‡o wZwb AvKei kvn g`vbxmn K‡qKRb wec­exi m‡½ †Mvc‡b †`Lv Kivi Rb¨ gvwnM‡Ä AvmwQ‡jb| ¸ßP‡ii gva¨‡g †m Lei †c‡q Bs‡iR evwnbx Zv‡K AvµgY K‡i| †hLv‡b jvjwewe knx` n‡jb, †mLv‡bB Zv‡K gvwU †`qv n‡jv| gvwnM‡Äi mvgvb¨ wKQy `~‡i jvjwewei gvRvi i‡q‡Q gxiM‡Ä| Av‡iv D‡j­L¨, GB jvjweweiB cyÎ w`wj­i †kl †gvMj mgªvU wØZxq evnv`yi kvn Rvdi| Zvui Kei i‡q‡Q gvqvbgv‡ii ivRavbx Bqv½y‡b| ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq Avi my¯’¨ n‡jb bv| 27 †m‡Þ¤^i, 1933G gviv †M‡jb| †÷cjUb †MÖvfB Zvui †klK…wZ mgvav n‡jv| g„Zz¨i 10 eQi ci Zvui ü`‡qi wcÖqZg eÜz ØviKvbv_ VvKzi we‡j‡Z †M‡jb| wZwb ivg‡gvn‡bi nvo Zz‡j mwi‡q Avb‡jb ÔAvi‡bm †fjÕ bvgK GKwU my›`i RvqMvq| Zvici GB mgvwai Dci wbg©vY Kiv‡jb GKwU g‡bvig ¯§„wZ‡mŠa| †mB ¯§„wZ‡mŠa AvR fviZxq wn›`y‡`i Zx_©¯’vb|

GB gnvgbxlx iscy‡i evm K‡iwQ‡jb gvwnM‡Äi `w¶‡Y eo i½cyi bvgK ¯’v‡b| †mLv‡b H mgq evm Ki‡Zb GK cÖL¨vZ cwÛZ nwiniv›` Zx_© ¯^vgx| Zvui ms¯ú‡k© G‡m ivg‡gvnb bvbv a‡g©i MÖš’ Aa¨qb Kivi Aby‡cÖiYv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi Zvui Bs‡iwR fvlv wk¶v †cQ‡b huvi Ae`vb †ewk, wZwb Zvui em Rb wWMex| g~jZ iscy‡i mvaviY ivg‡gvnb n‡qwQ‡jb AmvaviY ivg‡gvnb Ges Zvui eªvþa‡g©i m~ÎcvZI n‡qwQ‡jv iscy‡i| ZvB bvbv w`K w`‡q iscy‡ii Kv‡Q wZwb †hgb FYx ; iscyievmxI Zvui g‡Zv GKRb gnvgbxlxi Rb¨ Me©‡eva K‡i| Zvui emev‡mi ¯’vbUvi c‡i bvg nq †`Iqvb‡Uvjv| cieZx© Kv‡j iscyi mvwnZ¨ cwilr Zvui emev‡mi ¯’v‡b GKwU ¯§„wZdjK ¯’vcb K‡i Zvui cÖwZ kª×v Ávcb K‡i|

          Z_¨myÎ:

·        Ôivg‡gvnbÕ-bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq|

·        Ôevsjv GKv‡Wgx PwiZvwfavbÕ-1997|

·        Ô‡mBme gvby‡li K_vÕ-mgicvj|

2.   GK Abb¨ BwZnvmwe` :

AZxZ BwZnvm PP©v Ges BwZnvm MÖš’ iPbvi AMÖcw_K gymwjg BwZnvmwe`iv| ZvB my`~i AZx‡Zi mwVK BwZnvm Rvb‡Z n‡j Avgv‡`i †h‡Z nq Avj‡ei“Yx, wgbnvRDÏxY wmivR, Avgxi Lmi“, wRqvDÏxb evi“Yx, dvwi¯—v, Aveyj dRj cÖf„wZ eo eo BwZnvm‡ev×v‡`i iwPZ MÖ‡š’| Avi G K_vI mZ¨, Gu‡`i iwPZ BwZnvm c‡oB h`ybv_ miKvi, ivLvj`vm e‡›`vcva¨vq, i‡gk P›`ª gRyg`vi, igvcÖmv` P›`ª cÖgyLiv AvR BwZnvmwe` wn‡m‡e L¨vwZgvb| Gu‡`i mvwi‡Z gymwjg BwZnvmwe` Abycw¯’Z| †mB mg‡q Avgiv Avkvi Av‡jv †`L‡Z †cjvg GK iscy‡ii K…wZ mš—v‡bi whwb Avgv‡`i GKUv PgrKvi BwZnvm eB Dcnvi w`‡jb| ZvuiB bvg Lvu †PŠayix AvgvbZ Dj­vn Avng`| Zvui Rb¥ 1868 wLª÷v‡ã †KvPwenvi gv_vfv½v gnKzgvaxb kxZjKzwP _vbvi Aš—M©Z eogwiPv MÖv‡g| ˆkk‡e wZwb M„n wk¶‡Ki Kv‡Q cov‡kvbv K‡ib| evj¨Kvj †_‡KB BwZnvm AbyivMx Ges ÁvbPP©vq AvMÖnx| eo n‡q BwZnv‡mi Z_¨-Dc‡Ëi mÜv‡b wZwb †bcvj, fyUvb, Avmvg, evg©vq `xN©Kvj mdi K‡ib| †k‡l 1936 wLªóv‡ã Ô†KvPwenv‡ii BwZnvmÕ cÖ_g LÛ cÖKvk Ki‡jb| ivR‰bwZK Ges eva©K¨RwbZ Kvi‡Y wZwb wØZxq LÛ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv|

mvwnZ¨vbyivMxI wQ‡jb wZwb| †KvPwenvi mvwnZ¨mfvi cÖ_‡g mvaviY m¤úv`K Ges c‡i cvwK¯—v‡b Avmvi c~e© ch©š— ¯’vqx mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| ivRbxwZI Zvu‡K Kv‡Q †U‡b wb‡qwQ‡jv| wZwb wQ‡jb †KvPwenv‡ii cÖ_g gymwjgGg,Gj,wm (Member of legislative Council)| †i‡fwbD gš¿xi c`I wZwb Aj¼„Z K‡iwQ‡jb| All India Historical Records Commission Gi ¯’vqx m`m¨|

e„nËi evsjv †_‡K GB Kwgk‡bi m`m¨ wQ‡jb `yÕRb| wZwb Ges AciRb h`ybv_ miKvi (1870wLª.-1958wLª.)| Gi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb ivRv †Mvcvj AvPvwiqv| wKš‘ 2†deª“qvix, 1449-G fviZ miKvi KZ©„K ewn¯‹…Z n‡q wZwb iscy‡i P‡j G‡jb| Zvici 15wW‡m¤^i, 1958wLª÷v‡ã B‡š—Kvj Ki‡jb| iscyi kni av‡c cvwievwiK †Mvi¯’v‡b Zvu‡K mgvwnZ Kiv n‡jv|

GB †`ke‡iY¨ BwZnvmwe` Avgv‡`i Rb¨ †h MÖš’wU †i‡L †M‡jb, †mUvB AvR Avgiv hvuiv BwZnvm PP©v Kwi, Zvu‡`i c_ Pjvi eoB mnvqK| KviY †KvPwenv‡ii BwZnvm Avi iscy‡ii BwZnvm GKB m~‡Zvq Mv_vu|

        Z_¨m~Î:

·        Lvu †PŠayix AvgvbZ Dj­vn Avng‡`i bvwZ Uzby †PŠayixi †`qv cÎ; †mbcvov,iscyi †_‡K| ZvwiL 03-04-1997|

‡mvbvi evsjvi ¯^Y© mš—vb :                        

we-wo wmwU nvivMvQ iscy‡ii GKwU bvgKiv e¨emv-‡K›`ª| Dc‡Rjv KvDwbqvq Gi Ae¯’vb| †QvUª gdt¯^j kni| wKš‘ †QvU n‡jI Gi ¸i“Z¡ A‡bK †ewk| GLv‡b ¯‹zj Av‡Q, K‡jR Av‡Q, †cŠimfv Av‡Q, Av‡Q Gi BwZnvm MÖš’ Ôn¨vgvi `¨vk nvivMvQÕ| Av‡Q cÖPzi my›`i my›`i gmwR`| ZvB G‡K gmwR‡`i kniI ejv nq| Avi wewo d¨v±ixi QovQwo| N‡i N‡i wewo d¨v±ix| GB wkí kniwU‡K B`vbxs Av‡iv †ewk weL¨vZ Ki‡jb `yB wewo e¨emvqx iwngDÏxb fimv I KwigDÏxb fimv åvZ…Øq| bvbv wkí cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK GB `yB åvZ…Øq| G Kv‡j iscy‡ii †kªô abx| a‡bi m‡½ gbI Av‡Q| bvbv mgvRKj¨vYg~jK Kv‡R `vbI K‡ib cÖPzi|

wKš‘ eû hyM Av‡M, †mB weªwUk Avg‡j GB nvivMv‡Q Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb GKRb AmvaviY gvbyl| hvui `v‡bi Zzjbv nq bv; Z¨v‡Mi cwigvc Kiv hvqbv| G-Kv‡ji gvbyl Zvu‡K wP‡b Kg| Rv‡b Av‡iv Kg| †mB gvbe‡cÖwgK `vbex‡ii bvg Lvbmv‡ne AvwmgDÏxb| Gevi Zvu‡K wb‡q Avgv‡`i ¶z`ª Av‡qvRb|

1875 wLªóvã| nvivMv‡Qi GK ga¨weË N‡i gv‡qi †Kvj Av‡jvwKZ K‡i GKwU my›`i dzUdz‡U wkï `ywbqv‡Z G‡jv| gv Avwgbv LvZzb Ges evev e‡›` Avwj wgqv wkïi bvg ivL‡jb AvwmgDÏxb| †Q‡j eo n‡Z jvM‡jv| evev fwZ© Kwi‡q w`‡jb ¯’vbxq cvVkvjvq| cvVkvjv †_‡K wkï AvwmgDÏxb D”P cÖvBgvix cvk Ki‡jb cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i| evev PvB‡jb †Q‡j‡K D”Pwkw¶Z K‡i AvB.wm.Gm Awdmvi evbv‡eb| ZvB wcZv Zvu‡K XvKvq fwZ© Kiv‡jb weL¨vZ K‡jwR‡qU ¯‹z‡j| _vKvi e¨e¯’v n‡jv GK abx ci‡nRMvi nv‡dR mv‡n‡ei evmvq| AZ¨š— mr, ag©fxi“ Ges Cgvb`vi nv‡dR mv‡ne evjK AvwmgDÏx‡bi m`vPiY, webqx e¨envi Avi mijZvq gy» n‡q wb‡Ri †Q‡ji g‡Zv †`L‡Z jvM‡jb| IB evwo‡Z AvwmgDÏx‡bi m‡½ ag©-Kg© wb‡q K_v-evZ©v ej‡Zb| ej‡Zb,Ôevev, ïay Kg©B Rxeb bq, K‡g©i m‡½ `iKvi ag©| Avi †fv‡Mi †P‡q Z¨vM eo| Bmjvg ag© KL‡bv †fvMx mg_©b K‡i bv| m¤ú` _vK‡j Zv‡K ï× Kivi Rb¨ RvKvZ w`‡Z nq| abxi cÖwZ‡ewk Abvnv‡i _vK‡j, Zvu‡K Abœ`vb bv Ki‡j †mB abxi Rb¨ †e‡nkZ nvivg| Avj­vn cvK gvby‡li Aš—‡i weivR K‡ib| Aš—‡ii m¤ú` huvi eo †mB cÖK…Z m¤ú`kvjxÕ|  AwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q K_v¸‡jv ïb‡Zb evjK AvwmgDÏxb| a‡g©i GB gnvg~j¨evb K_v¸‡jv wK‡kvi AvwmgDÏx‡bi ü`‡q Mfxifv‡e †iLvcvZ Ki‡jv| wZwb w`b ivZ wPš—v Ki‡Z jvM‡jb, Kxfv‡e weËkvjx n‡q Zvui MÖvg nvivMv‡Qi wbt¯^,Mwie,`ytLx gvbyl¸‡jvi †mev Kiv hvq| ZLb wZwb beg †kªbxi QvÎ| fve‡Z fve‡Z wZwb nVvr wmÜvš— wb‡jb A_© Qvov hLb Mwie `ytLxi DcKvi Kiv hv‡e bv, ZLb UvKvB †ivRMvi Ki‡Z n‡e| g‡bi K_vwU wZwb jwRsgvóvi nv‡dR mv‡ne ej‡jb| †Q‡ji gnvb B”Qv I `„pmsK‡íi K_v ï‡b nv‡dR mv‡ne evav w`‡jb bv| eis †`vqv w`‡q ej‡jb, Ôevev, hvI, †`‡k| Avwg Avj­vn cv‡Ki `iev‡i †`vqv KiwQ †Zvgvi g‡bi evmbv c~Y© nDK|

wd‡i G‡jb AvwgmDÏxb nvivMv‡Q| g‡bi B”Qvi K_vUv wcZv‡K ej‡jb| ï‡b wcZv AevK| wZwb PvB‡jb †jLvcov wk‡L cyÎ AvB.wm.Gm. Awdmvi n‡q es‡ki gyL D¾¡j Ki‡e, Avi †Q‡j wKbv n‡Z Pv‡”Q ZvgvK e¨emvqx| wcZv G‡Z ivwR n‡jb bv| ZLb AvwmgDÏxb ej‡jb, ÔAvcbvi Aci `yB †Q‡j BwKbDÏxb I Bgv`DÏxb‡K w`‡q Avcwb Avcbvi ¯^cœ c~iY Ki“b; Avwg e¨emv Ki‡evÕ| wcZv Avi evav w`‡jb bv| ZLb AvwmgDÏx‡bi eqm 15 eQi| mgqUv 1890wLª÷vã|

ïi“‡Z wcZvi e¨emv †`Lv‡kvbv Ki‡Z jvM‡jb Ges `~i‡`k †_‡K †h mg¯— e¨emvqx ZvgvK wKb‡Z nvivMvQ Avm‡Zb, Zvu‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| Zvui mygayi e¨envi,mijZv I mZZvq gy» n‡q gv`ªvR, ¸RivU, KjKvZv, †i½yb cÖf„wZ GjvKvi e¨emvqxiv Zi“Y AvwmgDÏx‡bi gva¨‡gB ZvgvK µq Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| Gfv‡e `vjvjx K‡i wZwb cÖPzi A_© DcvR©b Ki‡jb| c‡i wb‡RB e¨emv Avi¤¢ Ki‡jb| †`‡ki evB‡i we‡`‡k ZvgvK cvVv‡Z jvM‡jb| Zvici mwZ¨ mwZ¨ wZwb GKw`b nvivMv‡Qi †kªó abx n‡jb| wKš‘ ¯^xq cwiKíbvi K_v wZwb fyj‡jb bv| mrc‡_ DcvwR©Z A_© wZwb mrKv‡R e¨q Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| iv¯—vq cyj wbg©vY, cvbxq R‡ji Rb¨ bjKzc emv‡bv, Mwie Qv·`i A_© mvnvh¨ Kiv, gymvwd‡ii Rb¨ mivBLvbv wbg©vY, Kb¨v`vqMÖ¯’ wcZv‡K A_© w`‡q mvnvh¨ Kiv w`‡q ïi“ n‡jv Zvui mgvR‡mevg~jK KvR|  wZwb GKRb ag©vbyivMx LvuwU gymwjg wQ‡jb| gmwR‡` wM‡q cuvP Iqv³ bvgvR co‡Zb| Mfxi iv‡Z I‡V Zvnv¾y‡`i bvgvR ci‡Zb| H hy‡M cÖwZ eQi 40nvRvi UvKv Avj­vni Iqv‡¯— RvKvZ w`‡Zb| RvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l Zvui `v‡bi nvZ me©`v †Lvjv _vK‡Zv| wn›`yivI Zvui `vb †_‡K ewÂZ n‡Zv bv| huviv `vb wb‡Z j¾v †eva Ki‡Zv, †Mvc‡b iv‡Zi Avav‡i wZwb Zvu‡`i evwo‡Z wM‡q UvKv w`‡q Avm‡Zb| Bmjvg a‡g© Av‡Q, `vb †Mvc‡b Kiv DËg| Wvb nvZ w`‡q `vb Ki‡j, evg nvZ †h‡bv †Ui bv cvq| †mB bxwZ wZwb AbymiY Ki‡Zb|

Bmjvgx wk¶vi Rb¨ 1925 wLªóv‡ã wZwb nvivMv‡Q GKwU gv`ªvmv ¯’vcb K‡ib| ZLbKvi w`‡b G iKg DbœZ gv‡bi wk¶v½b mviv c~e©e‡½ gvÎ 5Uv wQ‡jv| GB gv`ªvmvi cÖ_g mycv‡i‡›U‡W›U wQ‡jb D”Pwkw¶Z gvIjvbv `wjj DwÏb Lvb| cieZx©Kv‡j AvwmgDÏxb mv‡n‡ei my‡hvM¨ cyÎ gL`yg wgTvi Avš—wiK †Póvq gv`ªvmvwU GKwU DbœZ ai‡bi nvB¯‹z‡j cwiYZ nq| nvivMv‡Q †h †UwjMÖvd e¨e¯’v cÖewZ©Z nq, †mUvI AvwmgDÏxb mv‡n‡ei Ae`vb| IB hy‡M Zvi RbKj¨vYg~jK Kv‡Ri Lei cÖùzwUZ †Mvjv‡ci †mŠi‡fi g‡Zv Qwo‡q c‡i PZz©w`‡K| mviv iscyi †Rjvq wZwb GKRb abx, Ávbx,m¤§vbx, Ges `vbkxj e¨w³ wnmv‡e kx‡l© D‡Vb|

Zvui g~j¨vqb K‡i weªwUk Mfb©‡g›U 12930 wLªóv‡ã Zvu‡K ÔLvbmv‡neÕ Dcvwa †`q|  Dcvwa cvIqvi Lei hLb Zvui Kv‡Q †cŠQ‡jv, ZLb wZwb gmwR‡` wQ‡jb| nuvcv‡Z nuvcv‡Z †`uŠ‡o GKRb †jvK Zuvi Kv‡Q G‡m mymsev`Uv w`‡j wZwb †gv‡UB D‡ØwjZ n‡jb bv| g‡b n‡jv GUv Kx Ggb Lei! ïay ej‡jb, gvby‡li †`qv Dcvwa w`‡q Avgvi Kx n‡e| Avj­vn cv‡Ki †`qv DcnviB †kªô Dcnvi|

1931 wLª÷v‡ã 30 nvRvi UvKv e¨q K‡i nvivMv‡Q GKwU PgrKvi gmwR` wbg©vY Kivb Lvbmv‡ne| †mLv‡b †nvwgI `vZe¨ wPwKrmvjq cÖwZôv Zvui Aci KxwZ©| Mwie e¨emvqx‡`i wZwb webv my‡` UvKv KR© w`‡Zb -hv‡K Bmjvgx kwiq‡Z e‡j ÔK‡R© nvmbvÕ| IBhy‡M nvivMv‡Q Aci GKRb bvgKiv abx, m¤§vbx e¨w³ wQ‡jb nvRvx wRqviZzj­vn| wZwb wQ‡jb Avn‡j nvw`m ev gyn¤§`x m¤cÖ`v‡qi gymwjg‡`i Abb¨ †bZv, Avi Lvbmv‡ne AvwmgDÏxb wQ‡jb nvbvdx m¤cÖ`v‡qi ewjô †bZv| nvRx wRqviZzj­vn Avmvg-evsjv Avn‡j nvw`m msMV‡bi mfvcwZI wQ‡jb| nvivMv‡Q Avn‡j nvw`m cš’x‡`i Rb¨ wZwb ‡h GKwU Ac~e© my›`i Kvi“Kvh©-LwPZ gmwR` wbg©Y Kivb Zvi bvg mv`v gmwR`| Avi Lvbmv‡ne †h GKUv g‡bvig gmwR` evbv‡jb Zvi bvg w`‡jb jvj gmwR`| jvj gmwR` AvR wZ¯—vi fv½‡b wejxb n‡q †M‡Q| gmwR` `y‡Uv Av‡Rv GB `yB gnvcyi“‡li K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q|

cieZx©Kv‡j gymwjgjx‡M †hvM`vb K‡i cvwK¯—vb Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖnY K‡ib Lvbmv‡ne| Zvui KwbôåvZv BgvgDÏxb gymwjgjxM †_‡K Gg.Gj.G (Mcmber of legislative Assem- bly) wbe©wPZ n‡qwQ‡jb| Z‡e Lvbmv‡ne AvwmgDÏx‡bi Avnev‡b mvov w`‡q †k‡i evsjv G.†K.dRj~j nK, BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRx, gvIjvbv AvKig Luv, dzidzivi cxi gvIjvbv AveyeKi wmwÏK (in.) cÖgyL eû †`ke‡iY¨ e¨w³Z¡ nvivMv‡Q G‡m nvivMvQ‡K ab¨ K‡i †M‡Qb| cÖwZ`vbnxb `v‡bi BwZnv‡m mgMÖ iscyi †Rjvq Lvbmv‡ne AvwmgDÏx‡bi Zzj¨ wØZxq †KD †bB| g‡bi Hk¦‡h© Zvui Zzjbv P‡j GKgvÎ Uv½vB‡ji †mB weL¨vZ `vbexi iY`v cÖmv` mvnvi m‡½, whwb Avi.wc. mvnv bv‡gB mgwaK cwiwPZ Ges weL¨vZ| GB Avj­vn f³, Cgvb`vi gnvcyi“l iscyievmx‡`i †kv‡Ki mvM‡i fvwm‡q `ywbqv †_‡K wPiwe`vq wb‡jb 1940 wLª÷v‡ã| Avm‡j Lvb mv‡ne AvwmgDÏxb ïay nvivMv‡Q bq, iscy‡iiI bq, eis mviv evsjvi GK Awe¯§iYxq e¨w³Z¡| wZwb Avgv‡`i mevi †MŠi‡ei ab, Avi †mvbvi evsjvi ¯^Y©mš—vb|

Z_¨m~Î

·        Ôiscyi cÖwZfvÕ, m`i“j û‡mb, mvNvUv, MvBevÜv|

·        Ônvgvi †`k nvivMvQ,Õ gyn¤§` Aveyj Kv‡kg, nvivMvQ,iscyi|

                                                                                 

4. ZvRnvU gnvivRv I Zvi ivRcÖvmv` :

ZvRnvU ej‡ZB g‡bi c`©vq †f‡m D‡V wZbwU Qwe | GK, ZvRnvU ivRcÖvmv`; `yB, gnvivRv †Mvcvj jvj ivq Ges wZb, dzUej hv`yKi mvgv‡`i bvg| wek¦L¨vZ dzUejvi mvgv‡`i †L‡jvqvox Rxe‡bi ïi“ GB ZvRnvU †_‡K| 1915 wLªóv‡ã ZvRnvU dzUej wUg MwVZ n‡j mvgv` GB `‡j †hvM †`b| ivRvevnv`yi †Mvcvjjvj ivq Zv‡K wU‡g Av‡bb| †KvPwenvi gv‡V AvB. Gd.kxj †Ljvq KjKvZvi weL¨vZ †gvnbevMv‡bi wei“‡× `y‡Uv †Mvj K‡i ZvR wUg‡K weRqx K‡ib| 1916-‡Z Bsj¨v‡Ûi mvgvi †mU dzUej `‡ji wei“‡× GKvB `yÕ‡Uv †Mvj K‡ib| 1926-G fviZxq GKv`‡ki K¨v‡Þb wbhy³ Ges `~icÖvP¨ mdi| 1962 †Z †cÖwm‡W›U cyi¯‹vi jvf Avi Ôhv`yKiÕ †LZvewU †c‡jb B‡›`v‡bwkqvi Rvfvq †Lj‡Z wM‡q| wZwb †jdU AvD‡U †Lj‡Zb| AevOvjx wQ‡jb| †kl Rxeb `vwi‡`ª¨i gv‡S Kv‡U| g„Zz¨ 1965-‡Z| mgvax cve©Zxcy‡i|

wØZxq wPÎ ZvRnvU gnvivRv †Mvcvjjvj ivq ¯^qs (Rb¥-1887wLª.) D”Pwkw¶Z †`k‡cÖwgK Ges µxov‡gv`x wQ‡jb †Mvcvjjvj ivq| iscyi †cŠimfvi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb 1914wLª÷vã †_‡K 1923wLªóvã ch©š— 9 eQi| iscyi Rwg`vi G‡mvwm‡qk‡bi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb cÖwZôvKvj †_‡K g„Zz¨i c~e© ch©š—| KvigvB‡Kj K‡jR cÖwZôvi mgq GKj¶ UvKv `vb| †mB UvKvq wbwg©Z QvÎvevmwUi bvg †Mvcvjjvj QvÎvevm| ms‡¶‡c wR.Gj ‡nv‡÷j| 1918 wLª÷v‡ã weªwUk miKvi Zv‡K ÔivRvevnv`yiÕ Dcvwa †`q| dzUej, wµ‡KU Ges †Uwb‡m GKRb my`¶  †L‡jvqvi wQ‡jb| wZwb DËie‡½i †Uwbm P¨vw¤úqb wQ‡jb| wk¶v we¯—vi, mvwnZ¨ Ges †Ljvayjvq  c„ô‡cvlKZv Ki‡Zb| AK…cY n‡¯— `vb Ki‡Zb| iscyievmx Zuv‡K AZ¨š— kª×v Ki‡Zb| m‡š^vab Ki‡Zb ivRvevnv`yi e‡j| †Kv_vq nvwi‡q †M‡jv, iscy‡ii ¯^Y©mš—vbwU| wZwb wPiw`‡bi Rb¨ nvwi‡q †M‡jb 1956 wLªóv‡ã| Zvui g„Zz¨UvI GKUv we¯§q| g„Zz¨i ci Avb›`evRvi cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ Le‡ii ïi“Uv wQj Gi“cÔ eyaevi wØcÖn‡i †KIovZjv k¥kvbNv‡U ZvRnv‡Ui (iscyi) †jvKvš—wiZ Rwg`vi †Mvcvjjvj iv‡qi A‡š—¨wówµqv m¤úbœ nq| wZwb Bó cvwK¯—vb †gj-G iscyi nB‡Z KwjKvZv Avwmevi Kv‡j †Uª‡b AK¯§vr ü`h‡š¿i wµqv eÜ nBqv g½jevi Aciv‡ü ci‡jvKMgb K‡ibÕ| ( †ccvi KvwUswU KjKvZv †_‡K cvwV‡q‡Qb Aiwe›` jvwnox)| Z…Zxq wPÎ, ZvRnvU ivRevox| Ac~e© my›`i cÖvmv`| A¶Z Ae¯’vq Av‡Rv `vwo‡q Av‡Q| evwni †_‡K hvuiv  iscyi åg‡Y Av‡mb, Zvu‡`i Rb¨ iscy‡i †`Levi g‡Zv wRwbm PviwU| GK, KvigvB‡Kj K‡jR, `yB, †KivgwZqv gmwR`, wZb, UvDb n‡ji i½g‡Âi bvUK, Ges Pvi, ZvRnvU ivRevox| Avi Dc‡fvM Kivi g‡Zv  `y‡Uv wRwbl cywói wgwó Ges iscy‡ii ms¯‹…wZgb, cÖMwZkxj, Amv¤cÖ`vwqK g‡bi gvbyl¸‡jvi ü`‡qi fv‡jvevmv| evwni †_‡K GLv‡b hvivB Av‡mb, Zviv GLvbKvi gvbyl‡`i AvwZ‡_qZvq gy» n‡q cÖdzj­ wP‡Ë N‡i wd‡i hvb| Z‡e mewKQy †`‡L ZvRnvU ivRevwo Ges Zvi †fZ‡i wgDwRqvgwU bv †`L‡j ågYUv n‡e Amgvß| g‡b n‡e A‡bK wKQyB †`Ljvg, ZviciI Kx †h‡bv †`Lv n‡jv bv| wgDwRqv‡gi KvóvwWqvb Ave`yj jwZd cÖvgvwbK| Zvui evox e`iMÄ,iscyi|

K_vq e‡j mv‡n‡ei Mvwo, gymjgv‡bi nvuwo, Avi wn›`yi evoxÕ| ZvRnv‡U Gj Zvi mZ¨Zv AvP Kiv hvq| GB evwowU bvbv BwZnv‡m mg„×| bvbv HwZ‡n¨ gwÛZ| †m¸‡jvi Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv c‡i AvmwQ| Zvi Av‡M Ab¨ wKQy K_v| iscyi ivRv-gnvivRvi †`k| `yÕ-wZbUv ev‡` mevB wQ‡jb wn›`y Rwg`vi| Zvu‡`i g‡a¨ me©‡kªô ZvRnvU gnvivRviv| iscyii 10Uv _vbv (Dc‡Rjv) QvovI Zvu‡`i Rwg`vix w`bvRcyi,e¸ov,RjcvB¸wo Ges wenv‡ii c~wY©qv ch©š— we¯Z…Z wQ‡jv| evwl©K ivR¯^ Avq wQ‡jv mv‡o wZb j¶ UvKv|  miKvix Rgv 67,296UvKv| eo Rwg`vi ; ZvB Gu‡`i evwo‡Z †Rvov nvwZ, †ivjm i‡qm Mvwo, †Nvov, bvbv kvb kIK‡Zi Aš— wQ‡jv bv| ZvB evwoUvI AmvaviY| hv‡K e‡j ivRcÖvmv`| iscyi kn‡i Av‡iv K‡qKUv ivRevwo my›`i| †hgb ¸i“cÖmbœ bvwnoxi Kvjxavg evwo (AvR knx` †gvm‡j DÏxb QvÎvevm), †Ucv ciMYvi Rwg`vi evwo (†mvbvjx e¨vsK),Ges av‡c wWgjvi Rwg`viewo jvjKzwV (AvR GKwU Mvjm© ¯‹zj) †`L‡Z `„wó b›`b| wKš‘ mevi †miv ivRewowUB ZvRnvU ivRevwo| bqb Ryov‡bv G ewo‡Z †`L‡Z n‡j iscyi †ij †ókb †_‡K 2wK.wg. c_ cvwo w`‡q ZvRnvU †h‡Z n‡e| GK ch©UK KvbvBjvj e¨vbvRx© iscyi †eov‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb| KjKvZv wd‡i wM‡q ÔAvgvi †`Lv iscyiÕ ågY Kvwnbx‡Z wjL‡jb, ZvRnvU ivRcÖvm‡`i AvmevecÎ, `iRv-Rvbvjv, †ejwRqvg Avqbv  G‡Zv bqbvwfivg †h, Kvkxi ivgbM‡ii ivRcÖvmv` †`‡LI Avwg G‡Zv gy» nBwb|

wKš‘ GB ivRcÖvmv` GKevi cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi wkKvi n‡jv| 1897 wLª÷v‡ãi f~wgK‡¤ú †f‡½ co‡jv| H mgq †Mvcvjjvj iv‡qi wcZv †Mvwe›`jvj ivq Qv` a‡m gviv hvb| c‡i G‡K cybtwbg©Y K‡i bZzb mv‡R mw¾Z Kiv nq| Rvbv hvq, 1917 wLª÷v‡ã GwU cybtwbwg©Z nq| ivRevwo GjvKvi Rwgi cwigvY 51 weNv|

GK mgq GB ivRevwoi mvg‡b `Õy‡Uv nvwZ euvav _vK‡Zv| ZLb GLv‡b wkqv‡`i †gjv em‡Zv, Avi ZvwRqv wgwQj †ei n‡Zv| wgwQ‡ji A‡MÖ nvwZi wc‡V e‡m †bZ…Z¡ w`‡Zb gyÝxcvovi `ya©l© Zi“b gKeyj Avjx| ivRvevnv`yi gKeyj Avjx‡K AZ¨š— স্নেহ Ki‡Zb।cvVK gKeyj Avwj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb gyKzUnxb mgªvU wk‡ivbv‡g|

GB nvwZ wb‡q GKevi GKU gRvi NUbv NU‡jv| ¸ßcvovi GK ¶z`ª Rwg`vi GKevi ZvRnvU gnvivRvi nvwZ †P‡q cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB wZwb Avmvg †_‡K GKwU nvwZi ev”Pv Lwi` K‡i G‡b gvûZ‡K ej‡jb, ÔZvRnvU ivRevoxi PZzw`©‡K nvwZwU‡K Nywo‡q Av‡bvÕ| G `„k¨ †`‡L †KŠZnj wb‡q Gi KviY Rvb‡Z PvB‡j, wZwb DËi w`‡jb,Ô gnvivRv‡K mvjvg †`qvi Rb¨ cvwV‡qwQjvgÕ| H mgq e¨vwióvi cÖfvZKzgvi gy‡Lvcva¨vq iscyi †Kv‡U© AvBb e¨emv Ki‡Zb (1903wLª.-1916wLª.)| wZwb mymvwnZ¨K wQ‡jb| Mí wjL‡Zb PgrKvi| †QvU Mí †jLvq wQ‡jb Abb¨| ZvB Zvu‡K evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i †gvcvmvu ejv n‡Zv| wZwb H mgq iscy‡i e‡m Av`wiYx bv‡g GKUv AmvaviY †QvU Mí wj‡LwQ‡jb| Av`wiYx M‡íi cÖavY PwiÎ wQ‡j GKwU nvwZ| †mB nvwZwUB ¸ßcvovi †QvU nvwZwU hvi Qvqv Aej¤^‡b †jLv|

ZvRnvU ivRevwo‡Z 1899 wLªóv‡ã Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb †`excÖmv` ivq †PŠayix| GUv Zvui gvgvievox| wZwb cieZx©Kv‡j fvi‡Zi †kªô fv¯‹i n‡q ÔcÙf~lYÕ ÔwW.wjU.Õ Dcvwa †c‡q †`ke‡iY¨ n‡qwQ‡jb| GB evwowU AvR miKvwi m¤úwË| 1957 wLª÷v‡ã K…wl wW‡c­vgv we`¨vjq ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj| Gikv‡`i Avg‡j n‡jv nvB‡Kv‡U©i wefvMxq Kvh©vjq| Avi AvR wgDwRqvg| †KD †M‡j K¨v‡giv wb‡Z f~j‡eb bv|

        Z_¨m~Î:

·        Ôiscyi †Rjvi BwZnvmÕ-gyn¤§` jyrdi ingvb|

·        Ôi½y‡ii cÖvPxb BwZnvmÕ (cÖ_gLÛ)-W.gyn¤§` gwbi“¾vgb|

·        Ôiscyi mw¤§jbx, KjKvZvÕ, ¯§viKcÎ|

                                                                                                 

5. Z¨v‡Mi gwngvq D¾¡j huvi bvg :

‡fvMx Avi Z¨vMx `Õy‡Uv ci¯úiwe‡ivax kã| †hgb Wvb Avi evg| ivRbxwZ‡Z huviv abZvwš¿K  ivRbxwZ K‡ib, Zvu‡`i AwaKvskB †fvMx| Avi huviv mvg¨ev`x ivRbxwZ K‡ib Zuviv Z¨vMx| †mB Z¨v‡Mi gwngvq D¾¡j GKwU bvg gwYK…ò †mb| wZwb D”Pwkw¶Z| 1925 wLª÷v‡ã KvigvB‡Kj K‡jR †_‡K we.G; 1929 wLª÷v‡ã KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Gg.G; we.Gj.cvk Ki‡jb| IKvjwZ cvk K‡iI wZwb Kv‡jv MvDb ci‡jb bv; †Kv‡U©I †M‡jb bv| wbt¯^, Mwie, me©nvi gvbyl‡`i Kj¨v‡Yi wPš—v K‡i evg ivRbxwZ‡Z Rwo‡q co‡jb| †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi Awemsevw`Z †bZv wn‡m‡e †bZ…Z¡ w`‡jb; †RvZ`v‡ii jvwVi AvNv‡Z gv_vI dvU‡jv| Avi K‡Zvevi †h †R‡j †M‡jb Zvui wn‡me †bB| wZwb 1938G KwgDwbó cvwU©‡Z †hvM †`b| GKUv K_v Av‡Q It is very hard to be a good communist.’ Avm‡j fv‡jv gymwjg nIqv †hgb KwVb, fv‡jv Kwgwb÷ nIqvI †Zgwb KwVb| wZwb abxi mš—vb| cxiMÄ Kvwejcy‡i ˆcZ…Kevwo, RwgRgv welq-m¯úwË †Kv‡bv wKPzB Zvu‡K AvKl©Y Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| cv‡iwb †Kv‡bv bvixI Zvu‡K Kv‡Q Uvb‡Z| ZvB AvRxeb wQ‡jb Kzgvi| MÖv‡gi evwo-Ni, RwgRgv meB gvbeZvi Kj¨v‡b `vb K‡i iscy‡ii ey‡K GK BwZnvm Ki‡jb| Kvwejcyi BDwbq‡bi weòzcy‡i cÖwZôv Ki‡jb wcZvi bv‡g †ewbgvae †mb D”Pwe`¨vjq; 36 weNv Rwg `vb K‡i gv‡qi bv‡g Ki‡jb cÖ‡gv`v my›`ix Kj¨vY Uªv÷| Uªv‡÷i Aax‡b wdª-wK¬wbK, gvZ…m`b †K›`ª, webvg~‡j¨ AvB‡bi myweav, †mjvB cÖwZôvb. Fb`vb cÖKí, wdª-wiwjd, QvÎ e„wË Av‡iv K‡ZvwKQy| †k‡l gyjvU‡j wkeK…ò febÕ evwowUI Kj¨vY Uªv‡÷ w`‡jb| ïay `vb Avi `vb| Z¨vM Avi Z¨vM|

88 eQi eq‡m Amy¯’ n‡q wPwKrmvi Rb¨ KjKvZv †M‡jb| †mLvb †_‡K †M‡jb wenv‡i| `vbvcyi K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U fvB‡qi †Q‡ji Kv‡Q| †mLv‡bB 28 A‡±vei, 1991†Z wZwb ci‡jvKMgb Ki‡jb| `ywbqv‡K †kl we`vq Rvbvevi  Av‡M fvB‡qi †g‡q‡K e‡j †M‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv Avgvi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv K‡iv, Avgvi hw` c~bR©b¥ nq, Zvn‡j †h‡bv iscy‡ii gvwU‡Z nqÕ|

          Z_¨m~Î :

·        KjvKvZv wbevmx iscyix ax‡ib fUªvPv‡h©i †mŠR‡b¨ cÖvß Ges Kg‡iW ksKi emyi mv¶vrKvi

                                                                                        

6. gyKzUnxb mgªvU :

mgªvU k‡ãi AvwfvavwbK A_© GKvwaK iv‡R¨i AwacwZ| mgªvU A_© ivRvwaivR, kvmK ev b„cwZ| Avi mgªvU kãUv wPš—v Ki‡j g‡bi c`©vq †f‡m I‡V GKRb mycyi“‡li Qwe, hvui g¯—‡K ivRgyKzU, ci‡b nxiv-gwY-gy³v LwPZ ivRKxh †cvkvK Avi †Kvg‡iI †Kvlveä Zievwi| wKš‘ Avgiv Ggb GKRb †kŠh©-exh©kvjx mgªv‡Ui K_v ej‡ev-whwb wekvj GK e¨w³‡Z¡i AwaKvix Ges  huvi iv‡R¨i cwiwa GKwU kni| †mB kn‡ii bvg iscyi| Zvui ¶y`ª iv‡R¨ AbvPvi n‡j, AZ¨vPvi n‡j GB Zievwi w`‡q wZwb Acivax‡K kv‡q¯—v Ki‡Zb| kixi i³v³ Ki‡Zb| Zvici ¶gv PvB‡j Ki‡Zb gvd| †mB PvKz‡Ki AvNvZ `ye©‡ji Ici  ïay co‡Zv bv; co‡Zv me‡ji DciI| Ggb Kx Bs‡iR mv‡ne wKsev gnv ¶gZvai †Rjv cÖkvm‡Ki DciI|

GLb cÖkœ, †K GB AmvaviY gvbyl? †K GB `ya©l hyeK| †K GB gyKzUnxb mgªvU? Zvui bvg gKeyj Avwj| wZwb weªwUk hy‡Mi gvbyl| Rb¥ 1906 wLªóv‡ã| iscyi kni gywÝcvovq| Rwg`vi es‡ki mš—vb| wcZv Avey `vD` gyn¤§` †gvRvnvi Avwj wQ‡jb ivRkvnx evNvi Rwg`vi| ˆeevwnK-m~‡Î wZwb iscy‡ii ¯’vqx n‡q hvb| we‡q Ki‡jb Avwjqv LvZzb bv‡g GK m¤£vš— eskxq Kb¨v‡K| cÖm½Z ej‡Z nq, GB Avwjqv LvZzb‡bi c~e©cyi“l‡`i IqvKd Kiv 96 kZK Rwgi Dci `vuwo‡q Av‡Q fviZe‡l©i Ab¨gZ Awj nhiZ gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjx ˆRbcyix (in.)-Gi m¯¿xK gvRvi I †KivgwZqv gmwR` gywÝcvovq| †KivgwZqv nvB¯‹zj, C`Mvn gvV, iscyi Mvj©m ¯‹zjI cÖwZwôZ Zvu‡`i Rwgi Dci| GB es‡ki mš—vbivB eskvbyµwgKfv‡e †KivgwZqv gmwR‡`i ZË¡veavqK ev †gvZvqvj­x| Avwjqv LvZzb ¯^qs GKmgq †gv‡Zvqvj­x wQ‡jb| c‡i wQ‡jb Zvui †RŠôcyÎ AvRvnvi Avjx| GB `vwqZ¡ wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb gKeyj Avwji †R¨ô¨cyÎ nvq`vi Avjx Ii‡d cvi‡fR| evsjv‡`‡ki mywcÖg‡Kv‡U©i cÖ_g cÖavb wePvicwZ Avey mv`Z gyn¤§` mv‡qg| Gu‡`i Nwbó AvZ¡xq| mv‡qg mv‡ne I gKeyj Avwj gvgv‡Zv-dzcv‡Zv fvB|

gKeyj Avwji kqbK‡¶ GKevi †XvKvi †mŠfvM¨ Avgvi n‡qwQj| Gevi †m ¯§„wZPviY| iscy‡ii BwZnvm †jLvi Rb¨ AvR †_‡K 10 eQi Av‡M Avgvi gb DËvj nq| Z_¨-Zj­vkxi Rb¨ H mgq Avwg cÖ‡Póv PvjvB| GKevi †QvU fvB `yjy (giûg)-‡K wb‡q †gvUi mvB‡K‡j P‡o bvbv HwZnvwmK ¯’vb cwi`k©b Kwi| 3 evi KjKvZv hvB cÖexY iscyievmx‡`i Kv‡Q| ZLbB jW© KvigvB‡K‡ji QweUv KjKvZv †_‡K G‡b iscy‡i Dcnvi †`B| hv AvR wewfbœ MÖ‡š’ Qvcv n‡”Q| Qwei mÜv‡b GKw`b Avwg wM‡q nvwRi nB gywÝcvovq| †mUvB gKeyj Avwji evwo| Zvui KwbôcyÎ (bvg g‡b †bB) ZLb evmvq wQ‡jb| Zvui wcZvi Qwe †bqvi AvMÖn cÖKvk Ki‡j wZwb mvb‡›` Avgv‡K evwoi †fZ‡i wb‡q hvb| Ges Zv †mvRv giûg gKeyj Avwji kvqb K‡¶| wekvj i“g| cyi‡bv Kv‡ji Avmevec‡Î mw¾Z| †`qv‡j UvOv‡bv ivYx GwjRv‡e_mn me eo eo ivRv-gnvivRv‡`i cÖwZK…wZ| ZviB gv‡S Dcw¯’Z gKeyj Avjx ¯^qs| Zvui QweUv †`qvj †_‡K wb‡q Avwg wfDdvBÛvi d‡UvózwWI †_‡K wi-d‡UvMÖvdx K‡i wbjvg|

N‡i hLb GK GK K‡i Qwe¸‡jv †`LwQjvg, nVvr `„wó wM‡q co‡jv KvuP‡Niv GKUv Kv‡Vi †d«‡g| GUv GKUv Awfb›`bcÎ| c‡o Zr¶Yvr e³e¨ †bvU K‡i wbjvg| †mLv‡b †jLv wQj-

eivei,

Aveyj dRb gyn¤§` gKeyj Avwj mv‡n‡ei KiKg‡j

AvR ïfw`‡b cig Ki“Yvgq Avj­vn ZvÕjvi AbyMÖ‡n Avgv‡`i Bmjvgx mgv‡Ri gyL D¾¡jKvix Aveyj dRj gyn¤§` gKeyj Avwj-whwb AvR ch©š— Ab~b¨ 40wU ˆbk gKZe Lywjqv Bmjvgx mgv‡Ri wnZmvab Kwiqv‡Qb Ges Kwi‡Z‡Qb| Zvunv‡K Avgiv Avš—wiK Awfb›`b Ávcb Kwi‡ZwQ Ges Avj­vn ZvÕjvi wbKU cÖv_©bv Kwi‡ZwQ †h, GB D¾¡j Zi“‡bi Dci Avj­vni Avkx©ev` ewl©Z nDK|

webxZ-

i½cyi †Rjv Zi“Y Bmjvgx msN

¸ovwZcvov,i½cyi|

13KvwË©K, 1337mb (1930wLªóvã)

          gvÎ 24 eQi eq‡m iscyi kn‡ii ¸ovwZcvovevmx‡`i KvQ †_‡K Zi“Y gKeyj Avjx GKwU cÖvYXvjv Awfb›`bcÎ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv mwZ¨B we¯§qKi|

1946 wLªóv‡ã KjKvZv Ges †bvqvLvjx‡Z wn›`y-gymwjg `v½v n‡jv| Gi †XD iscy‡i G‡m bv jvM‡jI wn›`yiv f‡q kswKZ n‡jb| ZLb wn›`y cvovq cvovq wM‡q gKeyj ej‡jb,Ôhw` †Kvb gymwjg Avcbv‡`i ¶wZ K‡i wKsev fq †`Lvq Zvn‡j ïay Zvui bvgUv Avgv‡K ej‡ebÕ| iscyi wPiw`bB mv¤cÖ`vwqK m¤cÖxwZi †`k| GLv‡b †gŠjev`x gymwj‡gi ¯’vb †bB| wn›`y-gymwjg GLv‡b cvkvcvwk fvB fvB wn‡m‡e evm K‡i| wn›`yi c~Rvq gymwjgiv Puv`v †`q, Avevi gymwj‡gi wgjv‡` Pvu`v †`q wn›`yiv| ïay ZvB bq, BwZnvm mv¶¨ †`q, ˆKjvkiÄb nvB¯‹z‡ji Kv‡Q ÔcuvPcx‡ii `iMvÕ wbg©v‡Y wn›`yi †`qv Pvu`vB wQ‡jv †ekx| wn›`y-gymwjg `v½vi †mB AvZw¼Z w`‡b gywÝcvovi KvRx gyn¤§` Bwjqvm, gymjxgjxM †bZv Lvbevnv`yi kvn Avãyi iDd, gyn¤§` Avgxb, gvnvZve Lvb DwKj mevB KwgwU K‡iwQ‡jb hv‡Z GKwU wn›`yi cÖvY bv hvq; GKwU wn›`yi ¶wZ bv nq| n‡j †mUv n‡e iscy‡ii AZxZ HwZ‡n¨i ¯’v‡b GKwU KjsKRbK BwZnvm| Avi GB Kv‡R me‡P‡q †ekx f~wgKv whwb †i‡LwQ‡jb, ZvuiB bvg gKeyj Avjx|

gKeyj Avwj wQ‡jb Amxg mvnmx| wZwb KvD‡K fq Ki‡Zb bv| eis Zvu‡K fq Ki‡Zv mevB| kª×v-fw³I Ki‡Zv mevB Zvu‡K| wZwb wQ‡jb mr, Cgvb`vi, Ges b¨vqev`x gvbyl| Ab¨vq wZwb KLbI ei`vkZ Ki‡Zb bv| `ye©‡ji Ici me‡ji AZ¨vPvi, AwePvi wPiw`‡bi ixwZ| wZwb `ye©‡ji c‡¶ me©`v wQ‡jb cÖwZev`x kw³| †h kw³i Zzjbv nq bv| ZLb weªwUk Avgj| Bs‡iRiv G-‡`‡ki kvmK| Zvu‡`i Avbv‡Mvbv iscyi kn‡i| gKey‡ji Kv‡Q Lei G‡jv, KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri GK QvÎxi m‡½ Akvjxb AvPiY K‡i‡Q GK Bs‡iR mv‡ne| Avi †Kv‡bv K_v bq, †eZ w`‡q †cUv‡Z †cUv‡Z †mB mv‡ne‡K wZwb i³v³ Ki‡jb| `„k¨Uv whwb ¯^P‡¶ †`‡L‡Qb, †mB Aiwe›` jvwnox AvR KjKvZvq| Zvui evmvq LvIqvi †Uwe‡j iscy‡ii cÖm½ G‡j H NUbvwUi K_v wZwb Avgv‡K e‡jb|

Z‡e gKeyj Avi GKUv AmvaviY Kg© K‡i H hy‡M weL¨vZ nb| Zv n‡jv, †Kv‡bv GKUv Ab¨v‡qi Rb¨ ZrKvjxb wWw÷ª± g¨vwR‡÷ªU‡K †eÎvNvZ| †mB g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui bvg m¤¢eZ Gm.†K.†mb. AvB.wm.Gm.| Zvu‡K PvKzK †g‡i wZwb cvwj‡q hvb †mvRv KjKvZv| 17, RvDZjv ÷ªxU| ZLb †k‡i evsjv G.†K.dRjyj nK evsjvi cÖavbgš¿x| Zvui evmfe‡b wM‡q me NUbv Ly‡j e‡jb| c‡i Zvui wKQyB nqwb| Gm.†K.†mb‡K Ab¨‡Î e`jx Kiv nq|

iscy‡ii wewkó BwZnvm M‡elK Wv. gwZDi ingvb embxqv KvPvwi evRv‡i Zvui ÔiIkb †nvwgI KzwUiÕ-G gKeyj cÖm‡½ K_v DV‡j Avgv‡K e‡jb, gKeyj wQ‡jb iscy‡ii gyKzUnxb mgªvU| Zvui gy‡Li GKUv AbygwZ bv n‡j iscy‡i †Kv‡bv mfv-wgwUs wKsev hvÎv-mvKv©m n‡Zv bv|

ZLb Avwg ejjvg, Ô‡mUv †Kgb K_v| GUvi Rb¨ †Zv †Rjv cÖkvm‡bi AbygwZB h‡_óÕ| wZwb ej‡jb, †Rjv cÖkvm‡bi h‡ZvB AbygwZ _vK, Zvui †gŠwLK GKUv AbygwZ jvM‡Zv| bB‡j wec`Õ|

ZLb KjKvZv wbevmx Aiwe›` jvwnox`vi ejv Avi GKUv K_v Avgvi g‡b co‡jv| GKevi fviZe‡l©i weL¨vZ ÔKgjvmvKv©m G‡jv iscy‡i| Kv‡j±ixi gv‡V weivU Av‡qvRb| Zvuey LvUv‡bv n‡jv gvB‡K †NvlYv †`qv n‡jv| ˆn ˆn KvÛ, ˆi ˆi e¨vcvi| G‡Zv eo mvKv©m †h, nvwZ-‡Nvov-evN-fvj­y‡Ki wn‡me †bB|

iscy‡i c`vc©Y K‡iB mvK©‡mi g¨v‡bRvi mgªv‡Ui bvg Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb| Ges Rvb‡jb Zvui cÖfve-cÖwZcwËi K_v| GK bRi †`L‡jbI †mB ZvjcvZvi †mcvB‡K| †`‡L Zvui wKQyB g‡b n‡jv bv| ¯’vbxq †jvKRb ej‡jb, ÔAvcwb mvKv©m ïi“i Av‡M gKey‡ji m‡½ †`Lv Ki“bÕ| ZLb wZwb g‡bi †Pv‡L nvjKv cvZjv †Pnvivi gKeyj‡K †`L‡jb| H †Pnvivq Zvui Kv‡Q AwZ bMY¨ GKwU gvbyl g‡b n‡qwQj| ZvB wZwb AeÁvi ¯^‡i ej‡jb,Ô Idon’t care Mukbel,

K_vUv cÖPvi n‡q †Mj| cÖ_g iv‡Z mvKv©m Pj‡jv| wKš‘ c‡ii w`b iv‡Z hLb mvK©vm ïi“ Ki‡eb, †`‡Lb Zvui K‡qKUv †Nvov g‡i †M‡Q| ZLbB Zvui UbK bo‡jv| wZwb †mvRv wM‡q nvwRi n‡jb gnvivRvi Kv‡Q| webxZfv‡e ej‡jb, Ôm¨vi Avgv‡K evuuPvb|Õ

gKeyj wKQyB eyS‡Z cvi‡jb bv| me Ly‡j ej‡j, gKeyj ej‡jb, ÔAvR Avcbvi †Nvov g‡i‡Q, Kvj nvwZ gi‡e, G-Rb¨ Avwg Kx Ki‡Z cvwi|Õ Avm‡j G NUbv wZwb Rvb‡Zb bv| Zvui †Pjviv Nv‡m wel wgwk‡q G ANUb NwU‡q‡Q| Zvuiv mgªv‡Ui cÖwZ Akvjxb gš—e¨ Ô Idon’t care Mukbel mn¨ Ki‡Z cvwiwb| g¨v‡bRvi gvd †P‡q mvKv©m †`Lvi Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡jb|

iv‡Z gKeyj wM‡q †`‡Lb mvg‡bi mvwi‡Z GKUv ivRKxq †Pqvi Zvui Rb¨ ivLv n‡q‡Q| mgªvU †mB †Pqv‡i e‡m mvK©vm †`L‡jb| Gici Avi †NvovI g‡i bv , nvwZI g‡i bv| `xN© GK gvm a‡i mvK©vm Pj‡jv|

bvU¨Kvi wn‡m‡eI gKeyj Avwj iscy‡i cwiwPwZ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvui iwPZ  ÔcvwU©k‡bi c‡iÕ bvUKwU hLb g¯’ n‡jv, ZLb iscyi UvDb n‡j †jv‡K †jvKviY¨ n‡qwQj| ˆn ˆP c‡o wM‡qvwQj mviv kn‡i| G‡Zv wecyjmsL¨K †jvK B‡Zvc~‡e© †Kv‡bv bvU¨vbyôv‡b nqwb| Zvui iwPZ Aci GKwU bvU‡Ki bvg Ô‡cÖ‡gi RvcwjbÕ|

GB AmvaviY gvbylwU 66 eQi eq‡m 1972 wLªóv‡ã B‡š—Kvj Ki‡jb| Zvui g„Zz¨ msev` ï‡b mviv iscyi kn‡i †kv‡Ki Qvqv †b‡g Av‡m| RvbvRvq nq †jv‡K †jvKviY¨| gvby‡li kª×v, fw³ I fv‡jvevmv wb‡qB wZwb `ywbqv‡K wPi we`vq Rvbv‡jb| Zvu‡K `ya©l©,B¯úvZ-KwVb g‡b n‡jI Zuvi ü`qUv wQ‡jv †Kvgj| Avi ag©fxi“ GKRb fv‡jv gymwjg wQ‡jb e‡jB g„Zz¨i Av‡M wbR WvBixi cvZvq wj‡L †M‡jb GKwU G¨vwcUvd-

ÔRxe‡b K‡iwQ A‡bK wKQy, nq‡Zv Kwiwb †Lv`vi KvR

       ‡Zvgiv Avwmqv Kwiev †`vqv, nvk‡i †h‡bv cvBbv jvRÕ|

          Z_¨m~Î

·        giûg gKeyj Avwji †R¨ôcyÎ nvq`vi Avwj (cvi‡fR)Gi mv¶vrKvi

7. wec­ex iwY ingvb :

cÖL¨vZ BwZnvmwe` bxnviiÄb ivq e‡j‡Qb, Ôevsjvi ey‡K gvbe mf¨Zvi cÖ_g D‡b¥l N‡U DËie‡½|Õ nq‡Zv ZvB Kx mvwn‡Z¨, Kx m½x‡Z, Kx mv¤cÖ`vwqK Rbc‡`i gvbyl ¯^vaxb‡PZv Ges Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev‡` gyLi †mB Avw`Kvj †_‡K| AZ¨vPvix Rwg`vi‡`i wei“‡× wec­‡ei eû BwZnvm Zvi bxie mv¶x| ivRv wØZxq gnxcv‡ji wei“‡× we‡`ªvn K‡iwQj, iscy‡ii ˆeZ© K…lKiv 1071wLª÷v‡ã| AZ¨vPvix †mB ivRv‡K nZ¨v K‡i Zviv ivR¨ †K‡o wb‡qwQj| AZ¨vwaK LvRbvi Rb¨ ivRv gvwbKP‡›`ªi cZb NwU‡qwQ‡jv iscy‡ii wec­ex RbZv GKv`k kZvãx‡Z| 1773 wLªóv‡ã dwKi gRby kv‡ni †bZ…‡Z¡ †h gnvwec­e N‡U †M‡jv weªwUk iv‡Ri wei“‡×, †mUvI ¯’vb iscyi| Zvi 10 eQ‡ii gv_vq AZ¨vPvix Rwg`vi †`exwms‡ni wei“‡× Avi GKUv AvKvk evZvm Kvcv‡bv we‡`ªvn n‡jv beve b~i“Ïxb gyn¤§` ev‡Ki R½, ivRv fvevbx cvVK, †`ex‡PŠayivYx cÖgyL wec­ex‡`i Øviv; hvi bvg K…lK cÖRv we‡`ªvn| Ôiscyi we‡`ªvnÕ bv‡gI mgvwaK cwiwPZ| Gi Av‡M 9 †deª“qvix, 1760-G Bs‡iR evwnbxi m‡½ GKUv wekvj hy× n‡jv iscyi wgVvKzKzi Dc‡Rjvaxb gvwmgcy‡i; hv dvwm© ÔgyZvLLvwiYÕ bv‡gi MÖ‡š’ Ôe¨vUj Ae gvwmgcyiÕ bv‡g L¨vZ| GB hy‡× knx` n‡jb w`wji Luv I AvmjZ Luv bvgK `yB †mbvcwZ| Zv‡`i cvKv mgvwa Av‡Rv we`¨gvb e`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvaxb AvivRx w`jvjcyi MÖv‡g| AvivRx A_© †mbvcwZ| Avi w`wji Lvi Acåsk i“c w`jvjcyi| GB we‡`ªv‡n gymv kvn dwKi wQ‡jb eKmx| eKmx A_© †mbva¨¶| ZviB bv‡gi ¯§„wZ e`iM‡Ä eKmxMÄ| †mLv‡b gymv kvn eKªxi eskaiMY Av‡Rv eKmx c`ex bv‡g †g‡L eKmxM‡Ä emevm mi‡Qb| gymv kv‡ni ¯§„wZ‡Z wK‡kviMÄ Dc‡Rivq Av‡Q gymv bv‡g GKwU †gŠRv|

Gici G‡jv 1857 wLªóv‡ã wmcvnx wec­e hy×, weªwUk‡`i wei“‡×| Gi †K›`ªwe›`y wQ‡jv w`wj­ †mB we‡`ªv‡n AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ iscy‡ii wec­exiv w`wj­ wM‡qwQ‡jv| Avmv` Dj­vn Lvu Mvwje ÔD`-B-wn›`Õ MÖ‡š’i 82c„ôvq wj‡L‡Qb, Zvwjqvi Lvui `yB cyÎ Z¼ (ZbLv) †_‡K G‡mwQj †eov‡Z| we‡`ªvn NUv‡Z| Zvuiv Avi wd‡i †h‡Z cv‡iwb| Zvu‡`i ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q AvR|Õ G Z¼ n‡jv wgVvcyKz‡ii ZbLv MÖvg| wmcvnx hy‡×i BwZnvm MÖ‡š’ iRbxKvš— ¸ß wj‡L‡Qb, i_Mo ga¨ fviZe‡l©i GKwU cªvPxb wMwi `yM©| dvwRj Lvu bvgK GK e¨w³ gy‡›`k¦‡ii beveÕ Dcvwa aviY c~e©K †mB `y‡M© weªwUk MfY©‡g‡›Ui cÖwZc‡¶i cwiPvjK n‡qb| 1858 A‡ãi Rvbyqvix gv‡m m¨vi wnD‡ivR `yM© AvµgY K‡ib| cÖwZc‡¶i AwaKvsk cjvqb K‡i| dvwRj Luv a„Z n‡qb| `y‡M©i cÖavb Øv‡ii wbKU Bnvi dvuwm nq| GB dvwRj LvuI iscy‡ii mš—vb| ZbLv MÖv‡gi wec­ex Lvu es‡ki †`k‡cÖwgK mš—vb| ZvuiB bv‡gi ¯§„wZ‡Z fv¯^i iscyi m`‡i dvwRj Lvu MÖvg| GB hy‡× dzj‡PŠwKi bvwmi“Ïxb w`wj­‡Z †Mvj›`vR evwnbxi cÖavb wQ‡jb| ZvB H hy‡Mi MÖvg¨ Kwe wj‡LwQ‡jb-     

          ¸o–g ¸o–g Kvgvb `v‡M bvwmi cv‡jvqvb

       gv Rbwb Avwgi“b Kq nvI‡i mveavb|Õ

wmcvnx wec­e hy‡× civRq n‡j, bvwmi“Ïx‡b duvwm nIqvi K_v| wKš‘ gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjx ˆRbcyix (in.) Gi †P÷vq bvwmi“Ïxb cÖvY wf¶v cvq| G es‡k Av‡iv A‡b‡K knx` nb| Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ Iqvjx`v` gyn¤§` Ab¨Zg| iscyi kn‡i mv‡jK gUim †c‡Uªvj cv‡¤úi Kv‡Q †gBb †iv‡Wi Dci Zvi cvKv mgvwa| dzj‡PŠwKi GB wec­exiv wQ‡jb w`wj­i †gvMj ivRes‡ki mš—vb Ges beve byi“Ïxb gyn¤§` ev‡Ki R‡½i Aat¯—b eskai| GB byi“Ïxb‡K wb‡qB ˆmq` kvgmyj nK wjL‡jb Ôbyi“Ïx‡bi mvivRxebÕ Kve¨bvU¨| we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡Z n‡j Ôcjvkx hy‡×vËi Avhv`x msMÖv‡gi cv`cxVÕ MÖš’wU co–b|

1921 wLª÷v‡ã weªwUk iv‡Ri wei“‡× ÔMvBevÜvq ¯^vaxb cjvkevwo †÷UÕ Ges †Wvgv‡i ¯^vaxb †Wvgvi †÷U †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jv iscy‡ii gvbyl| Gici cvwK¯’vb Av‡›`vjb, fvlv Av‡›`vjb me¸‡jv‡ZB we‡kl fywgKv †i‡L‡Q| Zvi Av‡M †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡biI cÖvY‡K›` wQj iscyi| ZviI Av‡M ¶yw`iv‡gi m½x wec­ex cÖdzj­ PvKx ˆkkeKvj †_‡K iscy‡ii gvbyl| weªwUk we‡ivax mš¿vmx Av‡›`vj‡bi knx` cÖdzj­P›`ª PµeZx©I iscy‡ii †MŠie| †mB †MŠi‡ei mvwii Avi GK bvg knx` iwY ingvb| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i mgq iscy‡ii gvbyliv †h jvwV †mvUv Zxi abyK wb‡q K¨v›Ub‡g›U AvµgY K‡iwQ‡jv, †mUv we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m GK Abb¨ NUbv| †m¸‡jiv Ici we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kivi AeKvk GLv‡b †bB| Avgv‡`i gyL¨ Av‡jvPbvi welq iscy‡ii GK Abb¨ mvnmx †`k‡cÖwgK mš—vb iwb ingvb| huvi bv‡g GB MÖ¯’ DrmM© Kiv n‡jv|

iwY ingvb GKwU bvg| bvg GK D¾¡j Zi“‡Yi | 23 eQi eq‡mi hyeK| dvBbvj Bqvi we.G. K¬v‡mi QvÎ| †`L‡Z my`k©b| bvbv ¸‡Yi AwaKvix| fv‡jv MxUvi evRv‡Zb| bvU‡K Abe`¨ Awfbq Ki‡Zb| Mvb Ki‡Zb| wkLv msm` mn bvbv bvU¨ msMVb I eû mvs¯‹…wZK †Mvwôxi mwnZ RwoZ wQ‡jb| Avi m½x‡Zi msMVb ÔkZvãxi AvnevbÕ Gi wQ‡jb KY©ai| Gi m`m¨ msL¨v wQ‡jv 650Rb| Zvui mvsMVwbK kw³ wQ‡jv AmvaviY| Avi wQ‡jb †`k‡cÖwgK I `y`©vš— mvnmx| Zvi ¸‡bi K_v h‡ZvB ejv hvq, Z‡ZvB Kg| wZwb ivRbxwZi evg avivi mg_©K I wjWvi| QvÎ BDwbqb (†gbb) Ki‡Zb|

e½eÜzi 6 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi †XD G ZLb mviv c~e©cvwK¯’vb c­vweZ| cvwK¯—vbx kvmK‡Mvôxi Abgbxq g‡bvfve,fy‡Uªvi ¶gZvi †jvf 6 `dv Kg©m~wP‡K evbPvj K‡i w`‡jv| Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi m‡½ e½eÜzi wgwUs‡qi ci wgwUs Pj‡Q| ZL‡bv 7B gvP© Av‡mwb| †Nvo‡`Š‡oi gq`v‡b e½eÜz e‡jbwb, ÔGev‡ii msMÖvg gyw³i msMÖvg,Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvgÕ| gIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbxI cëb gq`v‡b cwðg cvwK¯’vbx kvmK‡`i Avmmvjvgy AvjvqKzg Rvbvbwb| Qv·bZv Av.m.g Avãyi i‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq K¨v¤ú‡m ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKvI ˆZix nqwb| Zvi Av‡M iscy‡ii GK Zi“Y wbR `vwq‡Z¡ †cÖmK¬v‡ei (eZ©gv‡b †mLv‡b gy³ cvqiv fv¯‹h© ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|) Zvi Qv‡` kZ kZ †jv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ‡Z exi weµ‡g ¯^vwabZvi cZvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi gva¨‡g †NvlYv Ki‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv| †mUv wQj iscy‡ii ey‡K GKUv AwMœMf© NUbv| Avi w`bwU wQ‡jv 21 †deª“qvix,1971|

wKš‘ ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡i wZwb wec‡` c‡o ‡M‡jb| K¨v›Ub‡g›U †_‡K U¨vsK-evwnbx G‡m cZvKv bvwg‡q †dj‡jv| Avi †MÖdZvix c‡ivqvbv Rvwi Ki‡jv 81Rb Qv‡Îi wei“‡×| iwY ingv‡bi wei“‡× Rvwi n‡jv ûwjqv, aiv co‡j ivó‡`ªvnxZvi Aciv‡a wbN©vZ duvwm| g„Zz¨`Û| wKš‘ iwY ingvb AZ †evKv bb| ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡i Pv`i gywo‡q N‡i e‡m _vK‡eb| †Kv‡bv wec­ex Zv K‡ib bv| wZwb Mv XvKv w`‡jb| AvZ¥‡Mvcb Ki‡jb| iscyi †Q‡o P‡j †M‡jb Kzwóqv| †mLv‡b Zvui fMœxi we‡q n‡q‡Q Ges †RŠôåvZv Rvby ingv‡bi k¦ïievwo| †mB m~‡Î †mLv‡b Mgb| wKš‘ †mB hvIqv Zvui †kl hvIqv| wZwb Avi wd‡i Av‡mbwb, Zvui ˆkke-‰Kk‡ii ¯§„wZweRwoZ kni iscy‡i|

Gevi ejv n‡e †mB Kvwnbx| AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi †mB ¯^Y©jx BwZnvm| Kzwóqv wM‡q wZwb Pzc K‡i e‡m _vK‡jb bv| Zv Kx wZwb cv‡ib? wZwb †h wec­ex| gnvwec­ex| Zvui ü`‡q AwMœwkLv Avi Aš‘‡i ¯^vaxbZvi wccvmv| Kzwóqvi QvÎ †bZv‡`i m‡½ wg‡k †M‡jb| A‡bK Zvu‡K fvi‡Z hvIqvi civgk© w`‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ wZwb ivwR nbwb| e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôwb‡Ri †`‡ki †fZi †_‡KB gyw³hy× Ki‡evÕ| wVK Uv½vB‡ji evNv Kv‡`i wmwÏKxi g‡Zv| 22 eQ‡ii hyeK Kv‡`i wmwÏKx †`‡ki Af¨š—‡i †_‡KB gyw³hy× K‡i XvKv gqgbwms‡ni weivU GjvKv gy³ K‡iwQ‡jb| ZvB Zvui Dcvwa nq ÔevNvÕ|

Gevi nvZ‡evgv ˆZixi cwiKíbv| wKš‘ gvj gmjv ˆK? wec­ex eÜz‡`i wb‡q iv‡Zi Avav‡i Zvjv fvs‡jb Kzwóqvi GKwU wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi| XyK‡jb j¨ve‡iUix‡Z| im` †c‡q †M‡jb| ˆZix n‡jv †evgv| GLb cÖkœ n‡jv, cvwK¯’vbx ˆmwbK‡`i Mvwo‡Z †evgvwU gvi‡eb †K? †bZvRx myfvlP›`ª e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv Avgv‡K i³ `vI, Avwg †Zvgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv †`‡evÕ| wKš‘ iwY ingvb A‡b¨i KvQ †_‡K i³ PvB‡jb bv| wZwb wb‡RB i³ †`evi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z n‡jb| AwZ mš—c©‡Y DV‡jb ÔwbRvgZzj­vn msm` Gi Qv‡`Õ| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨ Zuvi| †evgvwU Qyuo‡Z cv‡ibwb| Zvi Av‡MB cvK ˆmwb‡Ki R‰bK †Rvqvb Zvu‡K †`‡L †d‡j Mvwo †_‡K| Pvjvq ¸wj| Zvici hv nevi ZvB n‡jv| wZwb jywU‡q co‡jb Qv‡`| nvwi‡q †M‡jb wPiw`‡bi Rb¨| †Kvievbx Ki‡jb dz‡ji g‡Zv GKwU mRxe cÖvY| n‡q †M‡jb knx`| w`bwU wQ‡jv 27 gvP©,1971| Zvui knx` nevi Lei Ô¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`Õª †_‡K ciw`b cÖPvwiZ n‡jv| AvKvkevYx KjKvZv †_‡KI LeiUv co‡jb †`e`yjvj e‡›`vcva¨vq| Zv‡K Kzwóqv †cŠimfv †Mvi¯’v‡b mgvwnZ Kiv n‡jv| iwY ingvb wQ‡jb e„nËi Kzwóqvi cÖ_g knx`| Zvui cyiv bvg †`Iqvb wgRvbyi ingvb| wcZv iscyi †Rjv ¯‹z‡ji wk¶K ‡`Iqvb †gv¯—vwdRyi ingvb| iscyi kn‡i Ôknx` iwY ingvb ¯§iYxÕ ZvuiB bv‡gi ¯§„wZ| Gu‡`i Avw` wbevm-MÖvg;KvwÂevwo, Dc‡Rjv;my›`iMÄ, †Rjv: MvBevÜv|

Z_¨m~Î:

·        iwY ingv‡bi †RŠôåvZv Rvby ingv‡bi mv¶vrKvi

·        weeÜÔgyw³hy‡×i Kzw÷qvÕ-mbrb`x|

A_©t gš¿x mgvPvi

GKUz `~i †_‡KB ïi“ Kwi| cÖvPxbKv‡j ivRv ev`kvivB †`k ev iv‡R¨i gvwjK wQ‡jb| kvmKI wQ‡jb Zviv| huviv Rwg‡Z dmj djv‡Zv Zvuiv cÖRv, Avi hvuiv cÖRv‡`i †`qv LvRbvi UvKvq ivRZ¡ Ki‡Zv Zviv ivRv| ZLb †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi cÖRv‡`i wQ‡jv bv| MYZš¿ ev RbZ‡š¿i aviYvI ZLb gvby‡li Av‡mwb|

wKš‘ mg‡qi AveZ©‡b mewKQyi cwieZ©b nq| ivRZš¿ D‡o wM‡q cÖwZwôZ nq MYZš¿| Avgv‡`i cvK-fviZ-evsjv Dcgnv‡`‡ki ivRZš¿ D‡”Q‡`i Av‡M cÖwZwôZ n‡jv weªwUkZš¿| weªwUkiv e¨emvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cvwbi Rvnv‡R P‡o G †`‡k G‡m Q‡j e‡j †KŠk‡j †`kUv `Lj K‡i wbj| ïi“ n‡jv Zv‡`i ivRZ¡| `xN© †cŠ‡b `yÕkZ eQi a‡i Zvuiv Avgv‡`i Dci cÖfyZ¡ Ki‡jv|

wKš‘ G †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvwcqvmx gvbyl Zv‡`i Dci cÖfyZ¡ g‡b cÖv‡b †g‡b †bqwb| hy‡M hy‡M Kv‡j Kv‡j bvbv Av‡›`vjb K‡i‡Q, K‡i‡Q wec­e I msMÖvg| c‡i ax‡i ax‡i weªwUkiv G‡`kevmx‡`i wKQy wKQy ivR‰bZxK AwaKvi †`q Ges MYZ‡š¿i ¯^c‡¶ Av‡m| d‡j, fvi‡Zi ey‡K MwVZ nq ivR‰bwZK `j Ks‡MÖm (1885wLª.) Aek¨ GB Ks‡MÖmB fvi‡Z ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi AMÖ`~Z| Ks‡MÖmB wn›`-ygymwjg Dfq RvwZi msMVb| wKš‘ bvbv Kvi‡Y 1906 wLªóv‡ã XvKvq beve mwjgyj­vni †bZ…‡Z¡ MVb Kiv n‡jv gyjwjgjxM| g~jZ gymwjg m¤cÖ`v‡qi ¯^v_© i¶v KivB gymwjjxgjx‡Mi gyL¨ KvR| GuivB cieZx©Kv‡j Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g gymwjg‡`i Avjv`v Avevmf~wg cvwK¯—vb cÖwZôv Ki‡jv| †mUv Av‡iK BwZnvm|

MYZ‡š¿i g~jv¨vqb K‡i ivRbxwZi aviv Pvjy n‡j evsjvi ey‡K A‡bK ivR‰bwZK `‡ji m„wó nq| †k‡i evsjv G.†K.dRjyj nK MVb K‡ib K…lK cÖRv cvwU© 1929 wLªóv‡ã| Gi Av‡M 1923 wLªóv‡ã ¯^ivR¨`j MVb K‡ib †`keÜz wPËiÄb `vk (1870wLª.-1925wLª.)| Zvic‡iI A‡b‡K ivR‰bwZK `j MVb K‡ib †mB weªwUk hy‡M| Avgiv †m Av‡jvPbvq hv‡ev bv| 1935 wLª÷v‡ã fviZ kvmb †gvZv‡eK wØK¶-wewkó AvBb cwil` MVb Kiv n‡jv| hvi GKwU ivR¨ cwil` Ges AciwU AvBb cwil`|

AvBb cwil‡`i m`m¨MY RbM‡bi cÖZ¨¶ †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ n‡Zb| Zvu‡`i ejv n‡Zv Gg.Gj.G (Member of Legislative Assembly) Avi ivR¨ cwil‡`i m`m¨ g‡bvbxZ n‡Zb D”Pwkw¶Z Ges AwfhvZ eskxq‡`i g‡a¨ †_‡K Gu‡`i ejv n‡Zv (Member of legislative Council).

mviv esjvq ZLb AvBb cwil‡`i m`m¨ wbe©wPZ n‡Z 250 Rb| H mgq cÖavbgš¿xmn cwil‡`i m`m¨ wQ‡jb gvÎ 11Rb| cÖavbgš¿x ev‡` Aci gš¿x‡`i 5Rb wQ‡jb wn›`y Ges 5Rb gymwjg| †hgb-

gš¿x	c`	wbe©vwPZ
1. ‡k‡i evsjv G.†K.dRjyj nK	cÖavbgš¿x	K…lK cÖRv cvwU©
2. bwjbxiÄb miKvi	A_©gš¿x	eY© wn›`y
3. m¨vi LvRv bvwRgyÏxb	¯^ivóªgš¿x	gymjxg jxM
4. weRq cÖmv` wmsn ivq	ivR¯^gš¿x	eY© wn›`y
5. beve LvRv nvweeyj­vn	K…wl I wk¶vgš¿x	gymjxg jxM
6. gnvivRv kªxkP›`ª b›`x	‡hvMv‡hvMgš¿x	eY© wn›`y
7. †nv‡mb kwn` †mvnivIqv`x©	evwYR¨ I kªggš¿x	gymjxg jxM
8. beve †gvkvid ‡nv‡mb	wePvi I AvBbgš¿x	K…lK cÖRv cvwU©
9. ‰mq` bI‡ki Avwj	Rb¯^v¯’¨ I ¯’vbxq miKvi gš¿x	K…lK cÖRv cvwU©
10. cÖmbœ‡`e ivqKU	eb I AveMvix gš¿x	Zdwmjx wn›`y
11. gyKz›`wenvix gwj­K	mgevq I MÖvgxY FYgš¿x	Zdwmjx wn›`y

         

Dc‡iv³ gš¿xmfv wQ‡jv †k‡i evsjv G.†K.dRjyj n‡Ki Mov †RvU miKvi| 1937 wLª÷v‡ã mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi ci| GB gwš¿mfv Avgiv iscy‡ii †Kv‡bv gš¿x‡K ‡`LwQ bv| Z‡e KvwkgevRv‡ii (gywk©`vev‡`i) gnvivRv kªxkP›`ª b›`x‡K Avgiv wKQyUv iscy‡ii gš¿x ej‡Z cvwi| KviY hw`I wZwb iscyi evm K‡ibwb, Zey&I wZwb iscy‡ii Rwg`vi wQ‡jb| KzwoMÖv‡gi evnvie›`, wfZie›` I Mqvevwo ciMYvi gvwjK wQ‡jb wZwb| Zv‡`i Rvwg`vixi †nWAwdm wQ‡jv Dwjcyi| iscy‡i GKevi G‡mwQ‡jb kªxkP›`ª b›`xi wcZv gnvivRv gbx›`ªP›`ª b›`x| H mgq wZwb 1j¶ UvKv `vb K‡ib KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡R| (1916wLª.)| †mB UvKvq wbwg©Z QvÎvevmwUi bvg KvwkgevRvi QvÎvevm (ms‡¶‡c †K.we.†nv‡÷j) Dwjcy‡i G‡`i eû KxwZ© Av‡Q|

gyj cÖm‡½ †div hvK Gevi| 1937-Gi wbe©vP‡b gymwjgjxM cvq 40wU Avmb, K…lK-cÖRv cvwU© 38wU, Ks‡MÖm 60wU, ¯^Zš¿ 41wU Ges evKx¸‡jv cvq eY©wn›`y I Zdwmjx wn›`y| wKQy Avmb BD‡ivcxq‡`i g‡a¨ P‡j hvq| †hûZz H hy‡M Gg.Gj.G. Ges G.Gj.wm.iv AZ¨š— mb¥vbx I bvgx `vgx e¨w³ wQ‡jb Ges Zvu‡`i B‡gR AvRKvjKvi gš¿x‡`i †P‡qI †ekx wQ‡jv, ZvB Zvu‡`i Ici hrmvgvb¨ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv `iKvi|

1937 wLª÷v‡ã e½xq e¨e¯’vcK cwil‡`i wbe©vP‡b iscyi m`i gnKzgv †_‡K Gg.Gj.G wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb `yÕRb G¨vW‡fv‡KU| `w¶Y iscyi †_‡K G¨vW‡fv‡KU Lvbevnv`yi kvn Avãyi iDd| Zvi evwo cxiMÄ Dc‡Rivi gwKgcyi| wZwb cÖ‡dmi †iRv kvn, fv¯‹i AbxK I mvs¯‹…wZK ¯^vwË¡K kvni c~e©cyi“l| Avi DËi iscyi †_‡K G¨vW‡fv‡KU nvRx QwdiDÏxb kvn (Avgvi wcZvgn)| GB wbe©vP‡b MvBevÜv †_‡K wbe©vwPZ nb G¨vW‡fv‡KU Avey †nv‡mb miKvi| Zvi evwo mv`yj¨vcyi Dc‡Rjvi †LvÏ©‡Kvgicyi MÖv‡g| Ges MvBevÜvi Aci Gg.Gj.G-i bvg G¨vW‡fv‡KU Avng` †nv‡mb| H w`‡K eªþcy‡Îi Zx‡i Dwjcyi †_‡K Gg.Gj.G.-wbe©vwPZ nb Rwg`vib›`b wgqv Avãyj nvwdR| H mgq DËie‡½i e¨vNÖ bv‡g L¨vZ aijv cv‡ii K…wZmš—vb KvRx Bg`v`yj nK n‡jb Gg.Gj.wm (Ks‡MÖm)                 

Avevi wbe©vPb G‡jv 1946 wLªóv‡ã| GB wbe©vP‡b bxjdvgvix RjXvKv †_‡K Gg.Gj.G wbe©vwPZ n‡jb gvÎ 26 eQi eq‡mi GK D¾¡j Zi“b KvRx Avãyj Kv‡`i| Ks‡MÖm cÖv_x©‡K civwRZ K‡i wZwb Rqgvj¨ cwiavb Ki‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb gymwjgjx‡Mi cÖv_x©| H eQi KzwoMÖvg †_‡K gymwjgjx‡Mi cÖv_x© cwbiDÏxb Avng` Gg.Gj.G.nb| Avi MvBevÜv †_‡K nb Avng` †nv‡mb| H wbe©vP‡bi ci †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©i †bZ…‡Z¡ gwš¿mfv MwVZ n‡j G‡Z K…wl-eb-grm¨ Ges cïcvjb gš¿Yvj‡qi gš¿x n‡jb Avng` †nv‡mb| Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q, e„nËi iscyi †Rjvq cÖ_g gš¿x nIqvi †MŠie AR©b Ki‡jb MvBevÜv mvNvUv Dc‡Rjvaxb RvjvjZvBo MÖv‡gi nx‡ii UzKiv mš—vb Avng` †nv‡mb|

Gi c‡ii BwZnvm †Zv fviZ fvM Ges cvwK¯—vb bv‡gi GKwU bZzb iv‡óªi Rb¥| hvi `ywU Ask cwðg cvwK¯—vb Ges c~e© cvwK¯—vb| cvwK¯—v‡bi ivRbxwZ‡Z ïi“ †_‡K †uMvRvwgj Avi Akvwš—| †h gymjwgjxM cvwK¯—vb Avb‡jv, Av‡M Av‡M mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v| wn›`y-gymjgv‡b LybvLywb| A‡bK wKQyB N‡U †Mj evsjvi gvwU‡Z| †h gymwjg Ges wn›`yiv cvkvcvwk fvB fvB wnmv‡e evm Ki‡Zv kZ kZ eQi a‡i| Zviv n‡q †M‡jv G‡K Ac‡ii kµ| Z‡e iscy‡ii gvbyl G iKg nxbgb¨Zvq KL‡bv Mv fvmvqwb| wn›`y Ges gymwjg `v½v nqwb| G‡Ki cÖwZ Ac‡ii wek¦vm,kª×v,fw³ Ges fv‡jvevmvI nvivqwb| †m HwZn¨ Av‡Rv we`¨gvb|

cvwK¯—vb cÖwZôvi ci gymwjgjxM Zvi fveg~wZ© a‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡jv bv| d‡j, Gi wec‡¶ GKwU bZzb ivR‰bZxK `‡ji Rb¥ n‡jv 1949 wLªóv‡ã| cÖ_‡g Gi bvg wQ‡jv AvIqvgx gymwjgjxM| c‡i gymwjg kãwU Zz‡j w`‡q Kiv n‡jv AvIqvgxjxM| 1947 wLª÷vã †_‡K 1954 wLªóvã ch©š— c~e©evsjvq gymjxg jx‡Mi kvmb Ae¨vnZ wQ‡jv| H mgq KwgDwbó‡`i Pv‡c 1951 wLª÷v‡ã 15B b‡f¤^i Zvwi‡L c~e©e½ †_‡K Rwg`vix cÖ_v D‡”Q` AvBb cvk n‡jv|

1954 wLª÷v‡ãi mvaviY wbe©vP‡b gymwjgjx‡Mi fivWywe n‡jv| cÖv‡`wkK AvBb-mfvq 309wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ gymwjgjxM †c‡jv gvÎ 9wU| RqRqKvi n‡jv hy³d«‡›Ui| AvIqvgx jxM, K…lK-cÖRv cvwU© Ges †bRv‡g Bmjvg I MYZš¿x `j wb‡q MwVZ n‡qwQj hy³d«›U| Gi eo eo †bZviv n‡jb †nv‡mb kwn` †mvnivIqv`x©, gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx Ges †k‡i evsjv G.†K.dRjyj nK| m‡½ wQ‡jb †kL gywReyi ingvbI|

wbe©vP‡bi ci †k‡i evsjv G.†K dRjyj nK n‡jb g~L¨gš¿x, iscy‡ii Avey †nv‡mb miKvi n‡jb A_©gš¿x Ges Abb¨ wefv‡Mi huviv gš¿x n‡jb Zvuiv Ab¨vb¨ †Rjvi †jvK| Z‡e GB gwš¿mfvi ¯’vwqZ¡Kvj wQ‡jv gvÎ 57 w`b| H eQi cvwK¯—v‡bi †K›`ªxq cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb e¸ovi gyn¤§` Avwj| wZwb KwgDwbó `g‡b e¨_©Zvi ARynvZ †`wL‡q hy³d«‡›Ui gwš¿mfv evwZj K‡i 92(K) aviv Rvwi K‡i MfY©‡ii kvmb Pvjy Ki‡jb

c~e©cvwK¯—v‡b|

1955 wLª÷v‡ãi 3 Ryb 92(K) aviv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv n‡jv| ZLb 6Ryb, 5 m`m¨wewkó gwš¿mfv MVb Ki‡jb iscyi-b›`b Avey †nv‡mb miKvi| wZwb n‡jb gš¿x‡`i gš¿x gyL¨gš¿x| GB gwš¿mfvq iscy‡ii Av‡iv GKRb gš¿x wQ‡jb| ZvuiB bvg Avng` †nv‡mb| A_©vr wZwb wØZxq ev‡ii g‡Zv gš¿xi c` Aj¼„Z Ki‡jb| n‡jb K…wl-eb-grm I cïcvjb wefv‡Mi gš¿x| GB mgq Avey †nv‡mb miKvi RvZxq A‡bK¸‡jv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wm×vš— wb‡jb| Zv n‡jv, GKz‡k †ceª“qvix‡K knx` w`em wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ `vb; †K›`ªxq knx` wgbv‡ii wfwËcÖ¯—i ¯’vcb; ea©gv‡bi Rwg`vievwo ea©gvb nvDR-G evsjv GKv‡Wgxi D‡Øvab; c‡njv ˆekvL‡K evsjv beel© wn‡m‡e miKvix QywU †NvlYv BZ¨vw`|

1956wLªóv‡ã nVvr †`‡k Lv`¨ msKU †`Lv w`‡jv Ges `ªe¨g~‡j¨i DaŸ©MwZ n‡jv| Gi cÖwZev‡` XvKvi ivRc_ DËß n‡jv| Lv‡`¨i `vwe‡Z f~Lv-wgwQj n‡jv| wgwQ‡j cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z wKQy †jvK AvnZ n‡jv| G‡Z cÖ‡`wkK cwil‡`i wKQy m`m¨ `j Z¨vM Ki‡jv| d‡j, 1eQi 3 gvm ¶gZvq _vKvi ci 30 AvMó Avey †nv‡mb miKv‡ii gwš¿mfv c`Z¨vM Ki‡jv|

c~e© evsjvq Avevi Rvwi Kiv n‡jv MfY©‡ii kvmb| MfY©i n‡jb †k‡i evsjv| 1956 wLªóv‡ãi gv‡P©| wZwb weÁ ivRbxwZwe` XvKv avgivB‡qi ¯^Y©mš—vb AvZvDi ingvb Lvb (1907-1991)-‡K gwš¿mfv MV‡bi `vwqZ¡ w`‡jb| Lvb mv‡ne gwš¿mfv MVb Ki‡jb| wZwb n‡jb g~L¨gš¿x| iscyi †_‡K wZwb LqivZ †nv‡mb‡K wb‡jb| Zv‡K w`‡jb K…wl-Lv`¨ grm¨ I cïcvjb `dZi| LqivZ †nv‡mb GKRb fv‡jv †bZv wQ‡jb mviv DËie‡½i g‡a¨| ivRbxwZ K‡ib wZwb QvÎRxeb †_‡KB| KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡R QvÎ-msm‡`i wZwb cÖ_g gymwjg fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U (wf.wc) wQ‡jb| eo †RvZ`v‡ii †Q‡j wQ‡jb e‡j wb‡j©vf I mr ivRbxwZK wQ‡jb| wZwb 1940 wLªóv‡ã gymwjgjx‡Mi cÖwZwbwa n‡q jv‡nvi Awa‡ek‡b †hvM`vb Ki‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb 1940 wLªóv‡ã wZwb bxjdvgvixi cÖ_g gš¿x| 2 eQi wZwb gwš¿Z¡ K‡ib|

B‡Zvg‡a¨ c~e©evsjvi ivR‰bZxK A½‡b †`Lv w`‡jv `y‡hv©‡Mi NbNUv| ïi“ n‡jv Kjn-weev` Avi msNvZ| GB MÛ‡Mv‡ji †fZi Avey †nv‡mb miKvi Av‡iv `yevi gwš¿mfv MVb Ki‡jb| wKš‘ Zv ¯’vqx n‡jv bv| evwji ev‡ai g‡Zv †f‡½ †M‡jv| †k‡l cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i mfvq †Pqvi w`‡q gvivgvwi n‡jv mvsm`‡`i g‡a¨| G‡Z †WcywU ¯úxKvi kv‡n` Avwj AvnZ n‡q c‡i nvmcvZv‡j †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM Ki‡jb|

MYZ‡š¿i GB `yive¯’vq 8 A‡±vei 1956wLªóv‡ã cvwK¯’vb †mbvevwnbxi cÖavb †Rbv‡ij AvBDeLvb ¶gZvq G‡jb| bvbv †KŠk‡j wZwb 10 eQi ivRZ¡ K‡ib| GB mgq KzwoMÖv‡gi Aveyj Kv‡kg wQ‡jb †WcywU ¯úxKvi| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy× PjvKvjxb wZwb gymwjgjxM †bZv wn‡m‡e cvwK¯’v‡bi c¶ †bb Ges H mgq A_©gš¿x nb| Z‡e AvBDe Lv‡bi Avg‡j iscyi †_‡K K…wl-L¨v`¨-eb-grm¨ I mgevq gš¿x nb bxjdvgvixi Avãyj Kv‡`i| ZLb c~e©cvwK¯—v‡bi MfY©i Avãyj †gvbv‡qg Lvb (wK‡kviMÄ) | AvBDe Lv‡bi mgq gymwjgjxM `yÕfv‡M fvM n‡q †M‡jv| Kb‡fbkb gymwjg jxM I KvDwÝj gymjxgjxM| KvRx Avãyj Kv‡`i wQ‡jb AvBDe Lv‡bi Kb‡fbkb gymwjgjx‡Mi c‡¶| A_©vr KvDwÝj gymwjgjx‡Mi c‡¶|

iscy‡ii gš¿x‡`i g‡a¨ KvRx Avãyj Kv‡`i wQ‡jb LyeB mvnmx Ges `ya©l© cÖK…wZi| ï‡bwQ, wZwb bvwK QvÎRxeb †_‡KB wQ‡jb Wvbwc‡U; gviwc‡U I¯—v`| wZwb KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri QvÎ| ZvB gš¿x n‡qB wRbœvn Uzwc gv_vq w`‡q wZwb K‡jR cwi`k©‡b G‡jb| Avwg ZLb wRjv ¯‹z‡j cwo beg †kªYx‡Z| 1962 wLªóv‡ã| gš¿xi cÖZ¨vkv wQ‡jv, QvÎiv Zvu‡K dz‡ji gvjv w`‡q eiY Ki‡e| wKš‘ Dëv NUbv NU‡jv| mvgwiK kvmK AvBDe Lv‡bi wZwb mv‡cvU©vi Ges Zvi g‡bvbxZ gš¿xi Kvi‡Y QvÎiv we‡¶vf cÖ`k©b Ki‡jv| GB Acgvb wZwb mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| m‡½ m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡jb ˆmq`cy‡i| Mvwo fwZ© ¸Ûvewnbx G‡m †M‡jv| †÷kb †iv‡W QvÎiv ZLb wgwQj wb‡q GwM‡q hv‡”Q RvnvR †Kv¤úvbx w`‡K| †Ucv Rwg`v‡ii evwoi (eZ©gvb †mvbvwj e¨vs‡Ki) Kv‡Q wgwQjUv Avm‡ZB we`yr †e‡M Mvwo †_‡K †b‡g wenvix ¸Ûviv †jvnvi †PBb w`‡q Qv·`i †cUv‡Z jvM‡jv| `„k¨Uv Avwg ¯^P‡¶ †`Ljvg| H gyû‡Z© Avwg ILv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQjvg| Hw`b KvRx mv‡ne UvDb n‡j GKwU wgwUs Ki‡jb| ‡KŠZznj wb‡q AvwgI UvDb n‡j †Mjvg; ‡`wL Kv‡jv i‡Oi KzrwmZ †Pnvivi wenvix¸Ûviv mfvq †cQ‡bi w`‡K emv| Hw`b Ry¤§vcvovi BDmyd ¸Ûvi QywiKvNv‡Z GK e¨w³ AvnZ n‡qwQ‡jb| eû eQi ci GK mv¶vrKvi †bqvi mgq H NUbvUvi K_v IV‡j, mv‡jK gUim †c‡Uªvj cv‡¤úi gvwjK kvn Avvãym mv‡jK mv‡ne Avgv‡K e‡jb, AvnZ f`ª‡jvK Avgvi fvqiv| wZwb ILv‡b `vwo‡q wgwQj †`LwQ‡jb| QvÎ g‡b K‡i Zv‡K QywiKvNvZ Kiv nq|

KvRx mv‡nie iscy‡i G ai‡bi GKUv NUbv NwU‡qwQ‡jb iv‡Mi gv_vq| ZvB e‡j †h, wZwb iscyi Ges iscy‡ii gvbyl‡K fv‡jvevm‡Zb bv, Zv wVK bq| iscy‡ii eû †eKvi †Q‡j‡`i wZwb PvKwi w`‡q‡Qb; Avw_©K mnvqZvI K‡i‡Qb cÖPzi| iscy‡i ‡gwWK¨vj K‡jR ¯’vc‡b Zvi h‡_ó Ae`vb| wZwb bxjdvgvixi `v‡ivqvbx †UKªUvBj wgj ¯’vc‡b D‡`¨Mx f~wgKv †bb| †mB mgq XvKvq iscy‡ii gvbyl Kg wQ‡jv| wPwKrmv wKsev K‡jR wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡Z Amyweav n‡j wZwb m‡½ m‡½ mvnv‡h¨i nvZ evov‡Zb| †dvb K‡i wi‡Kv‡qó Ki‡Zb| wK‡iv‡qó bv ïb‡j Kx Ki‡Zb, Zvi GKUv D`vniY †`‡ev Gevi| bxjvdvgvixi †Ucv `wjiv‡gi cÖL¨vZ †RvZ`vi cvnvox KvjUzi bvwZ Avãyj AvwRR XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q evsjvq Abv‡m© fwZ© n‡q mwjgyj­vn gymwjg n‡j wmU cvw”Q‡jb bv| ZLb wZwb wUKvUzwj nvU‡Lvjv †iv‡W gš¿xi evmvq wM‡q Dcw¯’Z| gš¿x Zvi c~e© cwiwPZ| GK GjvKvi gvbyl| Avmvi KviY Rvb‡Z PvB‡j AvwRR mv‡ne ej‡jb, PvPv n‡j wmU cvw”Q bv| wZwb n‡ji cÖ‡fv‡ói †dvb b¤^i m‡½ K‡i wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| KvRx mv‡ne b¤^i wb‡q cÖ‡fvó‡K †dvb Ki‡jb| cwiPq w`‡ZB mvjvg w`‡jb, wKš‘ n‡j wmU †bB e‡j AcviMZvi K_v Rvbv‡jb| wKš‘ GB wmsn †Zv bv ïb‡Z Af¨¯— bb; m‡½ m‡½ M‡R© DV‡jb, Avi ej‡jb, Avgvi fvwZRvi GKUv wm‡Ui Rb¨ hw` mwjgyj­vn gymwjg n‡ji wewìs evov‡Z nq, Z‡e ZvB Ki“bÕ| G K_v e‡j †dvb †i‡L w`‡jb| c‡i AvwRR fvB wVKB wmU †c‡q †M‡jb| MíUv AvwRR fvB‡qi †QvUfvB †Rjv ¯‹z‡j Avgvi mncvVx I wewkó eÜz Avãyi ingv‡bi KvQ †_‡K †kvbv|

Avi G K_vI wVK 1964 wLªóv‡ã gva¨wgK cvk K‡i Avwg hLb XvKv K‡j‡R fwZ© n‡Z ‡Mjvg, ZL‡bv H mgm¨vq cojvg| mviv c~e©cvwK¯—v‡b †gavex Qv·`i wfo| Avwg fwZ© n‡Z cvi‡ev e‡j g‡b n‡jv bv| 2Uv †jUvi wb‡q cÖ_g wefv‡M cvk K‡iI Avgvi GB Ae¯’v| Avgvi PvPv‡Zv fMœxcwZ gvndzR Avng` ZLb XvKvq dzW wWcvU©‡g‡›U PvKwi K‡ib| Zvi wcZv KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡R Aviwe-dvwm©i cÖ‡dmi wQ‡jb| e`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvi ivavbM‡ii weL¨vZ gyn¤§` †nv‡mb| KvRx mv‡ne Zvi Avg‡ji QvÎ| †mB m~Î a‡i †Mjvg wUKvUzwj‡Z KvRx mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q| mvjvg w`‡q cwiPq w`‡ZB mgm¨v Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| ï‡bB wej¤^ bq, †dvb Ki‡jb wcÖwÝcvj RvjvjDÏxb Avng`‡K| (eZ©gvb-ivóªcwZ wRj­yi ingv‡bi k¦ïi wQ‡jb wcÖwÝcvj RvjvjDÏxb Avng`|) c‡i hLb Avwg wcwÝcv‡ji mv‡_ †`Lv Kijvg, wZwb Avgvi KvMRcÎ gvK©wmU †`‡L ej‡jb †Zvgvi †iRvë †Zv ev‡jvB, gš¿xi Kv‡Q wM‡qwQ‡j †K‡bv ? KvRx mv‡ne bvbv Pv‡c gš¿xi c` Z¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb c‡i| Zvi eû KivY| cÖ_g KviY, Zvi GjvKvq wbe©vPbx cÖwZØ›Øx wjeywgqv KZ©„K gvgjv Ges MfY©i †gvbv‡qg Lv‡bi m‡½ g‡Zi Miwgj| MfY©i †gvbv‡qg Lvb wQ‡jb AvBDe Lv‡bi LyeB wek¦¯— Ges wcÖqcvÎ| Zvi mv‡_ †U°v w`‡Z wM‡q wZwb Kzjv‡Z cvi‡jb bv| Avi †jey wgqvi gvgjvi aKjUvI †ek eo| wbe©vP‡bi mgq miKvwi Mvwo e¨envi Ges miKvwi cÖkvmb‡K e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ †jey wgqv gvgjv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges gvgjvi ivqI Zvi c‡¶ hvq nvB‡Kv‡U©| d‡j, KvRx mv‡ne c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| Z‡e wZwb eo Ab¨vqUv K‡iwQ‡jb MfY©i †gvbv‡qg Lvb‡K _vài †g‡i|

gwš¿Z¡ nviv‡jI Zv‡K cieZx©Kv‡ji me miKv‡ii gš¿xiv fw³ Ki‡Zb Ges mb¥vb Ki‡Zb| †KD wec‡` c‡o Zvi Kv‡Q †M‡j wZwb †dvb Ki‡j KvR n‡Zv| g„Zgš¿x n‡jI RxweZ gš¿xi g‡Zv Zvi †dv‡b KvR n‡Zv| wZwb Rxe‡bi ïi“ †_‡KB gymwjgjxM K‡i‡Qb| ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i mgq Rq evsjv †k­vMv‡bi m‡½ myi †gjv‡Z cv‡ibwb| †`k ¯^vax‡bi mgq wZwb cvwK¯’v‡b wQ‡jb| A_© wKsev c‡`i †gv‡n wZwb KLB bxwZåó nbwb| GB e„×wmsn 82 eQi eq‡m 2002 wLª÷v‡ã XvKvi ¸jkv‡bi wbR evmfe‡b B‡š—Kvj Ki‡jb| g„Zz¨i c‡iI †i‡L †M‡jb fv‡jv g›` bvbv BwZnvm, bvbv Kvwnbx|

Avey †nv‡mb miKvi wQ‡jb Lye mr Ges Rb`i`x gvbyl| ivRbxwZ‡K m¤^j K‡i wZwb KL‡bv RbM‡bi UvKv jyUcvU K‡ibwb| GKev Zvi mvgbv mvgwb nIqvi my‡hvM n‡qwQ‡jv Avgvi| †mUv 1965 wLª÷v‡ã| ZLb Avwg XvKv K‡j‡R cwo| iscy‡ii wKQy bexb I cÖexY wg‡j Avgiv iscyi †Rjv RbKj¨vY mwgwZ MVb Kijvg| K‡qKRb wg‡j Avgiv iscy‡ii bvgx `vgx e¨w³‡`i Kv‡Q †Mjvg wKQy Pvu`vi cÖZ¨vkvq| Avey †nv‡mb miKvi mv‡nie ZLb avbgwÛ‡Z wbR evmvq _vK‡Zb| Zv‡K †`‡L Avgv‡`i g‡b n‡jv, eq‡mi fv‡i wSwg‡q cov GK K¬vš— evN| Zvi m‡½ †ek wKQy K_vevZv© n‡jv| Zvici wRbœvni QweIqvjv 5UvKvi GKwU †bvU Avgv‡`i w`‡jb| Avi ej‡jb, Avwg g‡i †M‡j Puv`v Zz‡j †Zvgiv gvwU w`I| K_vUv ZLb ï‡bwQjvg, wKš‘ Mfxi fv‡e wPš—v Kwiwb| GLb Zv‡K wb‡q wjL‡Z e‡m fvewQ, Avm‡jI †kl Rxe‡b wZwb A_© msK‡U wQ‡jb| Avi A‰eafv‡e wKQy K‡ibwb e‡jB Zvi mš—vbiv RxweKvi Rb¨ wb‡Ri _vKv evwoUvi †`vZjv AvR PvBwbR †ióz‡i‡›Ui Rb¨ fvov w`‡jb|

Avng` †nv‡mb AZ¨š— mr ivRbxwZK wQ‡jb| wb‡Ri ‡P‡q RbM‡bi K_v †ekx fve‡Zb| wZwb GKRb avwg©K I Cgvb`vi gymwjg wQ‡jb| gwngvM‡Ä iscyi myMvi wgjm wj. cÖwZôv Kiv GKUv eo KvR| gwngvMÄ Rv‡g gmwR` wZwb bvbvi m¤úwË wewµi UvKv w`‡q GKKfv‡e K‡ib| wZwb g„Z¨Kv‡j 14(†PŠÏ) Rb mš—vb mš—wZ †i‡L †M‡Qb| ej‡Zb Avj­vn cvK I‡`i †ndvRZ K‡ib|

          Z_¨m~Î : i½cy‡ii e‡iY¨ e¨w³Z¡Õ cÖKvkK-i½cyi M‡elYv cwil`Õ - 2007|

Z‡e cvwK¯—vb Avg‡j ivRbxwZ K‡i e„nËi iscy‡ii †h e¨w³ abvX¨kvjx n‡q‡Qb, Zvi bvg Aveyj Kv‡kg| Avgiv c~‡e© D‡j­L K‡iwQ, KzwoMÖv‡gi Aveyj Kv‡kg cwKw¯—v‡bi RvZxq cwil‡`i †WcywU ¯úxKvi wQ‡jb Ges A_©gš¿xi c`I Aj¼„Z K‡ib| wKš‘ wecyj †fvU †c‡q RvZxq cwil‡`i m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡jI wZwb RbM‡Yi Rb¨ hrmvgvb¨B K‡i‡Qb| Rbwn‰Zlx Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ GKwU n‡jv, KzwoMÖvg ‡_‡K wPjgvix ch©š— †ijjvB‡bi we¯—vi | dzjevwo, f~i“½vgvix Ges †iŠgvix‡Z †UwjMÖvd I †Uwj‡dvb jvBj ¯’vcb BZ¨vw`| i½cy‡ii e‡iY¨ e¨w³Z¡ MÖ‡š’ KzwoMÖv‡gi e‡iY¨ e¨w³‡`i g‡a¨ ivRbxwZwe` wgqv Avãyj nvwdR (1893wLª.-1976wL.) Gi ¸‡Yi eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q Aveyj Kv‡kg m¤ú©‡K †jLv n‡q‡Q wgh©v Avãyj nvwdR e¨vw³MZ fv‡e mr Rxebhvcb Ki‡Zb| wZwb Zvi `xN© ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡b mvsm` wn‡m‡e wecyj weË ˆefe m„wói my‡hvM‡K D‡c¶v K‡i‡Qb| c~e©cyi“‡li A_©we‡Ë Rxeb wbe©vn K‡i‡Qb| mgmvgwqK ivRbxwZwe` Aveyj Kv‡kg (mv‡eK †WcywU ¯úxKvi I A_©gš¿x)| ¶gZv e¨envi K‡i hLb wecyj A_© I wk‡íi (Kv‡kg †UKªUvBj wg‡ji) gvwjK nb, ZLb wgqv Avãyj nvwdR mg¯— my‡hvM‡K D‡c¶v K‡i RbZvi Rb¨ RbvZvi KvZv‡i wQ‡jb| Avevi †iŠgvix ivwRecy‡ii mwbœK‡U SMovPi MÖv‡g (Avmv‡gi †Mvqvjcvov †Rjvi Aš—M©Z gvbKviPi _vbvaxb|) Ges †iŠgvix I ivwRecy‡i Zvi eû AvZ¡xq ¯^R‡bi evm; m‡e©vcwi wZwb G AÂj †_‡K wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwa whwb †`‡k cwiPvjbvq GKwU DPz Avm‡b AwawôZ, ZvB Zvi Kv‡Q G A‡ji RbM‡bi cÖZ¨vkv wQ‡jv A‡bK ‡ewk| ZvQvov wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb †gavex QvÎ, gvbKviPi nvB¯‹z‡ji †PŠKk wk¶K, Zx¶è eyw×`xß AvBbÁ, RvZxq ivR‰bZxK †bZv, Kgbxq †Pnviv I gvwR©Z e¨w³‡Z¡i AwaKvix| Zvi cÖwZ gvby‡li Av¯’v I cÖZ¨vkv ¯^vfvweK Kvi‡bB ‡ekx wQj| eis evi evi Zv‡`i‡K ïay nZvk K‡i‡Qb, ‡evKv evwb‡q‡Qb| Avi ivRbxwZ‡K gyjab K‡i wekvj wkí-KviLvbv K‡i gvC`yj Avi gvCbyj cy·`i Rb¨ Avivg Av‡q‡ki e¨e¯—v K‡i †M‡Qb| Z‡e cieZx©Kv‡j Zvi cyÎ gvC`yj Bmjvg gyKzj gš¿x n‡q A‡bK Rb‡mevg~jK KvR iscyievmx‡`i Rb¨ K‡i‡Qb| we‡kl K‡i wZ¯—v e¨viR cÖK‡íi KvRwU gš¿x gvC`y‡ji D‡`¨v‡MB beRxeb jvf K‡i| †m BwZnvm Avgiv we¯—vwiZ wj‡LwQ Ki‡Zvqv-w·mªvZv-‡jvwn‡Z¨i †`k wk‡ivbv‡g|

evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡jv 1971 wLªóv‡ã| cvwK¯’v‡bi †Rj †_‡K gy³ n‡q e½eÜz †kL gywRei ingvb evsjv‡`‡k wd‡i G‡jb| bZzb †`k| bZzb fv‡e ïi“ Ki‡Z n‡”Q mewKQy| e½eÜz GKwU gwš¿mfv MVb Ki‡jb| G‡Z e„nËi iscyi †Rjv †_‡K hviv ivóª cwiPvjbvq wewfbœ `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi my‡hvM †c‡jb, Zvuiv n‡jb evsjv‡`k MY-cwil‡`i ¯úxKvi MvBevÜvi †Mvwe›`MÄ Dc‡Rjvaxb ¸gvbxMÄ BDwbq‡bi djmx MÖv‡gi mš—vb kvn Avãyj nvwg` (1900-1972wLª÷vã)| wZwb wQ‡jb evsjv‡`k MY-cwil‡`i cª_g ¯úxKvi| µxovwe`, msMVb, bvU¨Kvi Ges mgvR‡mex wn‡m‡e wZwb wQ‡jb MvBevÜvi mevi wcÖq e¨w³| wKš‘ `yfv©M¨,1972 wLª÷v‡ã wZwb gviv †M‡jb|

e½eÜzi gwš¿mfvq iscy‡ii Aci gš¿x wQ‡jb jvjgwYinv‡Ui wiqvR DÏxb Avng` (1923wLª.-1997wLªóvã)| wZwb †fvjv wgqv bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ| e½eÜzi gwš¿mfvq wZwb eb,grm¨ I cïcvjb gš¿Yvj‡qi gš¿x wQ‡jb| cieZx© Kv‡j wZwb wRqvDi ingv‡bi `‡j †hvM`vb K‡i we.Gb.wc (evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j) Gi gwš¿mfvqI gš¿x nb| ZviI c‡i û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gikv` hLb ¶gZvq G‡jb, ZLb †mLv‡b bv G‡m cvi‡jb bv| KviY Gikv` mv‡n‡ei gv gwR`v LvZzb Zvi PvPv‡Zv †evb| †mB wn‡m‡e gvgv G‡m fvMœvi gwš¿mfvq †hvM`vb Ki‡jb| wiqvRDÏxb Avng` †fvjv wgqv Zvi Rxe‡b cvPevi cvj©v‡g›U †g¤^vi Ges Pvievi gš¿x nb| †WcywU w¯úKvi I nb GKevi| Zvi GB evisevi `j e`j Kivi Rb¨ GKevi GK Kg©x Zv‡K cÖkœ K‡ib, ÔAvcwb G‡Zv Nb Nb `j e`j K‡ib †Kb? Dˇi wZwb bvwK e‡jwQ‡jb, ‡h `j ¶gZvq hvq, †m `‡j hw` Avwg bv hvB, Zvn‡j †`‡ki KvR Ki‡ev wK fv‡e| wZwb KzwoMÖvg Ges jvjgwYinv‡Ui RbM‡bi Kj¨v‡Y D‡j­L‡hvM¨ wKQy K‡i‡Qb e‡j bwRi †bB|

bxjdvgvix †_‡K e½eÜzi mg‡q ûBc n‡qwQ‡jb cÖL¨vZ Qv·bZv Avãyi iDd| wZwb 1969 wLªóv‡ã c~e©cvwK¯—vb QvÎjx‡Mi †K›`ªxq KwgwUi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb Ges AvBDe-we‡ivax 11`dv QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡b 10Rb kxl© †bZvi GKRb wQ‡jb| (gwZqv MÖ“c) †bZv mvgmy‡ÏvnvI wQ‡jb| mvgmy‡Ïvnv cieZx© Kv‡j cvjv©v‡g›U †g¤^viI n‡qwQ‡jb|

e½eÜz gwš¿mfvq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© c‡` iscy‡ii †h ivRbxwZK gwš¿Z¡ K‡ib, Zvi bvg gwZDi ingvb| gwZDi ingv‡bi evwo iscyi cxiMÄ Dc‡Rjvi imyjcyi MÖv‡g | Zvi ivR‰bwZK K¨vwiqvi QvÎRxeb †_‡KB| 1949 wLªóv‡ã iscy‡ii hLb AvIqvgx gymwjgjx‡Mi AvnevqK KwgwU MVb Kiv n‡jv, ZLb GB KwgwUi Ab¨Zg m`m¨ wQ‡jb gwZDi ingvb| e½eÜz Zv‡K MYc~Z© I M„nms¯’vb `dZ‡ii gš¿x Ki‡jb| gš¿x n‡q wZwb avbgwÛi 3b¤^i †iv‡Wi ïi“‡Z XvKv g¨vP d¨v±ixi gvwj‡Ki cwiZ¨³ evwowU‡K Avevm Ki‡jb| wekvj Gwiqv wb‡q ˆZwi Avwjkvb †`vZjv evwo| mvg‡b †Lvjv‡gjv PZ¡i| †mB PZ¡‡i GKevi iscyievmx‡`i wZwb WvK‡jb| †jv‡Ki wfo †V‡j AvwgI wM‡q nvwRi| ILv‡bB iscyi †Rjv mwgwZ (e„nËi iscyi) MVb Kiv n‡jv| Gi mfvcwZ n‡jb mvËvi RyU wg‡ji gvwjK jvjgwYinvU †gvMjnv‡Ui Avãym mvËvi Ges †Rbv‡ij †m‡µUvix iscyi m`¨tcy¯‹wiYxi wgqv Avãyi iDd (†Kvwnbyi)| Avi mvs¯‹…wZK m¤úv`K kvn Avãyj gwR` eyjy| mwgwZ †_‡K cÖ_‡g gš¿x‡K GKUv msea©bv †`qv n‡jv| Zvici mwgwZi gva¨‡g Rb‡mevg~jK A‡bK KvR Kiv n‡jv| iscy‡ii A‡bK †eKvi hye‡Ki PvKwii e¨e¯’vI Kiv n‡jv| wiwjd IqvK© Kiv n‡jv KzwoMÖv‡g BZ¨vw`|

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c‡i w`b ¶Y wVK K‡i c~Z© gš¿Yvj‡qi GKUv njy` i‡Oi m`¨‡Kbv Mvwo‡Z  ON-TEST jvwM‡q Avgiv iIbv njvg 4Rb - Kwe mywdqv Kvgvj, Avqkv Rvdi, Avby ingvb Ges Avwg| ZLb iscy‡ii wWwm i“ûj Avwgb nvIjv`vi Avi G.wW.wm †gv¯—vwdRyi ingvb| Avgv‡`i Mvox hLb av‡c mvwK©UnvD‡m †cŠQ‡jv ZLb ivZ 8Uv | †`wL, mvwK©UnvD‡mi eviv›`vq G.wW.wm mv‡ne `vov‡bv| gwZDi fvB Av‡MB †dvb K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB Avgv‡`i _vKv LvIqv Ges Af¨_©bvi me e¨e¯’v n‡q Av‡Q| iv‡ZB wWwmi evs‡jv‡Z †Mjvg| wg‡m nvIjv`v‡ii m‡½ cwiPq n‡jv| ciw`b iscyi-K-1 wWwm mv‡n‡ei Rx‡c P‡o †Mjvg cvqive›`| †mUv Ryb gvm| wSi wSi e„wó| Avi KuvPv iv¯—v e‡jB wWwm mv‡ne RxcLvbv w`‡jb| Avby fvex 100UvKvi GKUv †bvU Avgv‡K w`‡jb wgwó †Kbvi Rb¨| b„‡c‡bi wgóvbœ fvÛvi †_‡K gwZP~‡oi jvÇy wKbjvg| GUv wgjv‡`i †ZveviK| cvqive‡›` wM‡q wgjv` cvV K‡i ¯§„wZdjKwU emv‡bv n‡jv| wZwb wW.wm mv‡ne BU, wm‡g›U, evjy Ges wgw¯¿i me e¨e¯’v K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| †k¦Zdj‡K †jLv wQj-

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wKš‘ Avgiv hLb ¯§„wZdjKwU emvjvg, ZLb wQ‡jv 18Ryb, 1972| cieZx©Kv‡j Avby invgv‡bi D‡`¨v‡M Ges gš¿xi mn‡hvMxZvq A‡bK Dbœqbg~jK KvR nq cvqive‡›`| ï‡bwQ, Svowewkjvq Kwe †nqvr gvgy‡`i gvRviwUiI ms¯‹vi K‡ib gš¿x gwZDi ingvb| AvR cvqiv›` GKwU RvuKRgKc~Y© ¯’vb| MÖvg cwiYZ n‡q‡Q kn‡i| wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q †iónvDmI| GB †iónvD‡mi ¯’cwZ Avqkv Rvd‡ii KY¨v Iqv‡R`v Rvdi ie| wZwb eZ©gv‡b Av‡gwiKvq|

c‡i e½eÜzi Avg‡jB gwZDi ingvb cj­x Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿x n‡jb| †mUv 1974 wLªóv‡ã| cÖej g½v †`Lv w`j iscy‡i| Lv‡`¨i Afve | Kg©nxb gvbyl‡`i nvnvKvi| gš¿x iscy‡i G‡jb| IV‡jb mvwK©U nvD‡m| nvRv‡iv fyLv-bvOv gvbyl G‡m Rgv n‡jv mvwK©U nvD‡mi mvg‡b| mevi gy‡L GKwU K_v, Lv`¨ PvB, evuP‡Z PvB| G‡Zv eo mgm¨vi mgvavb gš¿x Kxfv‡e Ki‡eb? †f‡e Kyj wKbviv †c‡jb bv| mviv iscyi Ry‡o `ywf©¶| `‡j `‡j gvbyl k~b¨ _vjv nv‡Z wb‡q wgwQj Ki‡Q| ZLb RbZvi †bZv RbZvi mvwi‡Z wM‡q `vov‡jb| wgwQ‡ji A‡MÖ wM‡q wb‡RB †bZ…Z¡ w`‡jb wgwQ‡j| ciw`b G Lei wewfbœ cÎ cwÎKvq djvI K‡i Qvcv n‡jv| LeiUv e½eÜz&I co‡jb| wZwb †i‡M Av¸b| Avi †Kv‡bv K_v bq, c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z ej‡jb gwZDi ingvb‡K| wZwb ZvB Ki‡jb| m‡½ m‡½ ¶gZvai gš¿x n‡q †M‡jb ¶gZvnxb cvewjK| Avi †LZve †c‡jb we‡`ªvnx gš¿x|

gwZDi ingv‡bi c`Z¨v‡Mi K_vUv †kvbvgvÎ Avgvi ¯§„wZi `iRvq G‡m nvwRi n‡jv wePvicwZ mv‡qg mv‡n‡ei ejv GKwU K_v| Zvn‡j cÖm½µ‡g †m NUbvUv ewj| XvKv¯’ iscyi mwgwZi mfvq wmÜvš— n‡jv, mv‡qg mv‡ne‡K cÖavb AwZw_ Kiv n‡e| C` c~bwg©jbx Abyôv‡b| Zvi m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM Kivi fvi Avgvi Ici co‡jv| wZwb Avgvi c~e© cwiwPZ| ZvB avbgwÛi 32 b¤^i †iv‡W Zvi evmvq †Mjvg| e½eÜz evmvi Kv‡QB evmv| GKUz c‡i Kwe mywdqv Kvgv‡ji evmv| GK স্নিগ্ধ we‡K‡j †Mjvg mv‡qg mv‡n‡ei evmvq| iscy‡ii gvbyl wZwb| gywÝcvovq evwo| ZvB iscyievmx‡`i Abyóv‡b LyeB AvMÖn wb‡q Avm‡Z PvB‡jb| ej‡jb, Avgvi †g‡q wbMviI hv‡e| wbMvi Zvi GKgvÎ mš—vb| ZLb XvKv †gwWK¨v‡j c‡o| cwiPq n‡jv| my`k©bv †g‡q| my›`i e¨envi| iscy‡ii cÖwZ †ek Uvb| K‡qKwU K_v n‡jv| Gici Pv‡qi Kv‡c PzgyK w`‡Z w`‡Z iscyii gš¿x wb‡q K_v DV‡ZB mv‡qg mv‡ne `ytL K‡i ej‡jb iscy‡ii gvbyl gš¿x nq wVKB, wKš‘ gwš¿Z¡ a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| G K_vUv ejvi A_© Avey †nv‡mb miKvi wQ‡jb wZb w`‡bi gš¿x| KvRx Avãyj Kv‡`i c`Z¨vM| Gevi GKB NUbv NU‡jv gwZDi ingv‡bi e¨vcv‡iI| Kv‡RB mv‡qg mv‡ne K_vUv h_v_©B e‡jwQ‡jb| Gi c‡iI Avgiv û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gikv‡`i Avg‡j †`‡LwQ kwdKzj Mwb ¯^cb ivócwZi †ivlvb‡j c‡o c`Z¨vM K‡i gwš¿Z¡ nvivb|

e½eÜz mcwiev‡i wbnZ n‡jb 1975 wLª÷v‡ã| m‡½ m‡½ ivócwZi Mw`‡Z L›`Kvi †gv¯—vK Avng` em‡jb| Zvi gwš¿mfvq iscy‡ii †Kvb gš¿x wQ‡jv bv| Gici bvbv NUbv `y©NUbv ci †Nvjv R‡j grm¨ wkKvi Ki‡jb D”Pvwfjvmx ˆmwbK wRqvDi ingvb| wZwb DËie‡½i gvbyl| e¸ovi mš—vb| wZwb ¶gZv `Lj K‡i mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi Ki‡jb| mywcÖg‡Kv‡U©i cÖavb wePvicwZ Aveymv`Z gyn¤§` mv‡qg †K wbhy³ Ki‡jb ivócwZ| cÖvq †`o eQi ivóªcwZ wQ‡jb mv‡qg mv‡ne| wZwb wQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki 6ó ivóªcwZ| c‡i wRqvDi ingvb me©gq ¶gZvq AwaKvix n‡jb Ges c‡i MVb Ki‡jb evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j (we.Gb.wc) bv‡g GKwU ivR‰bZxK `j| †m Av‡iK Kvwnbx|

ivócwZ n‡q mv‡qg mv‡ne iscy‡ii Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wKQy Kiv qvq wK-bv Zv wb‡q ¯’vbxq †bZv‡`i m‡½ K_vevZ©v ej‡jb| iscyi mZiwÂi †`k| GB wkí jyß n‡Z e‡m‡Q| G‡K cybi“¾xweZ Kivi cÖKí nv‡Z †bqvi Rb¨ wewmK‡K wb‡`©k †`b| †mB wb‡`©‡k 33 kZK Rwg µq K‡i wewmK 50© dzU´28© dzU  GKwU AvuavcvKv Ni wbg©vY K‡i mZiw cÖK‡íi KvR ïi“ K‡i| H mgq mv‡qg mv‡ne e`iMÄ hvb wcZvi Kei wRqviZ Ki‡Z| Zvi wcZv Avãyi ikx` mve-‡iwRóvi _vKvi mgq e`iM‡Ä gviv hvb| g„Zz¨i Av‡M mv‡qg mv‡ne Zvui mg¯— AvB‡bi eB iscyi evi jvB‡eªix‡Z `vb K‡ib|

wRqviD ingvb mvgwiK AvBb Zz‡j wbev©P‡bi gva¨‡g Rb cÖwZwbwa‡`i nv‡Z ¶gZv Zz‡j †`hvi A½xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Zv Ki‡jb wVKB, wKš‘ ¶gZvq wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ †h ivR‰bwZK `j MVb Ki‡jb, Zv‡Z bvbv `j g‡Zi †bZv‡`i †U‡b Avb‡jb| Zvi eo cÖwZØ›`x AvIqvgxjxM| ZvB wb‡Ri `j‡K kw³kvjx Kivi Rb¨ wZwb gymwjgjx‡Mi evwZj n‡q hvIqv, ¯^vaxbZvi wec‡¶i †bZv‡`i wbR`‡j wfov‡jb| ZLb Dwjcyi KzwoMÖv‡gi gymwjgjxM †bZv Aveyj Kv‡k‡gi cyÎ gvC`yj Bmjvg gyKzj G‡m we.Gb.wc‡Z †hvM w`‡q WvK,Zvi I †Uwj‡dvbgš¿x n‡jb| H w`‡K PUªMÖv‡gi cÖL¨vZ gymwjgjxM †bZv dRjyj Kv‡`i †PŠayixi cyÎ mvjvnDÏxb Kv‡`i †PŠayixI wRqvDi ingv‡bi `‡j Gjb| bxjdvgvixi gwkDi ingvb hv`y wgqv †`L‡jb GUv‡Zv myeY© my‡hvM| ZvB wbR `j b¨vkbvj AvIqvgxcvwU© (fvmvbx) †K wejyß K‡i,cyiv `j-ej mn we.Gb.wc Gi m‡½ wg‡k †M‡jb| cyi¯‹vi ¯^i“c ¶gZvi wnm¨vI †c‡jb| wb‡R n‡jb †ijgš¿x Ges Zvi `‡ji evgc¯’x †bZv‡`i A‡b‡K gš¿x n‡jb Ges A‡b‡K n‡jb cvj©v‡g›U †g¤^vi| H mgq e`iMÄ †_‡K cvj©v‡g›U †g¤^vi n‡jb (j~ß b¨v‡ci) Kgx© G¨vW‡fv‡KU gyn¤§` Bwjqvm (1979)| hv`ywgqv c‡i wmwbqi gš¿x bv‡g AwfwnZ n‡jb| 1979 Gi wbe©vP‡b we.Gb.wc †K †RZv‡bvi †cQ‡b hv`ywgqvi Abb¨ fywgKv wQ‡jv| wKš‘ wRqvDi ingvb Zv‡K cÖavbgš¿x bv K‡i kvn AvwRRyi ingvb‡K cÖavbgš¿x Ki‡jb| G‡Z hv`ywgqv gg©vnZ n‡jb Gici †Zv wZwb nVvr gviv †M‡jb| gwš¿Z¡ Ki‡jb gvÎ mv‡o `k gvm| Zvi g„Zz¨i ci 1979 G Zvi Avm‡b Dcwbe©vP‡b mvsm` n‡jb †R¨ócyÎ kwdKzj Bmjvg Mwb ¯^cb|

Gici 30†g, 1981 †Z PUªMÖv‡g wRqvDi ingvb wbnZ n‡j ivóªcwZ n‡jb wePvicwZ Avãym mvËvi| wZwbI †ewkw`b _vK‡Z cvi‡jb bv| A¯¿e‡j †mbvcÖavb û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gigv` ¶gZv `Lj Ki‡jb 24†k gvP© 1982-‡Z| cieZx© Kv‡j wRqvDi ingv‡bi c`v¼ AbymiY K‡i Gikv` mv‡ne RvZxq cvwV© MVb K‡i †Uvc w`‡q eowk‡Z gvQ aivi g‡Zv A‡bK bxwZnxb ivRbxwZK‡K Zvi `‡j †U‡b Avb‡jb| ZLbB we.G.wc Z¨vM K‡i RvZxq cvwU©‡Z †hvM w`‡jb mwdKzj Mwb ¯^cb| m‡½ m‡½ gš¿xI n‡jb `vwqZ¡ †c‡jb MYc~Z© gš¿Yvj‡qi | H mgq Avwg GKUv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †M‡j wZwb mvb‡›` Avgvi KvRUv K‡i †`b| A‰ea ¯’vcbv †f‡½ iv¯—v PIov K‡ib| wWAvBwUi bZzb bvgKiY K‡i ivRDK| A_©vr ivRavbx Dbœqb KZ…©c¶| wKš‘ Zv‡K KvR Ki‡Z †`qv n‡jv bv| ¯^v_©v‡š^lx gnj Zvui Kv‡Ri we‡ivwaZv Kiv ïi“ Ki‡jv| wKš‘ wZwb Zvi wm×v‡š— wngvj‡qi g‡Zv AUj | GK mv¶vrKv‡i wZwb mvsevw`K‡`i ej‡jb, Avwg Avgvi KvR Ki‡ev| I don’t care anybody hw` gwš¿Z¡ hvq, Zv‡Z wKQy hvq Av‡m bv| Gi wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨B wZwb Avi _vK‡jb bv| c`Z¨vM Ki‡jb| GLb e¨emv wb‡q e¨¯—|

jvjgwYinvU KvjxM‡Äi wPiKzgvix K…wZKb¨v W. mvwdqv LvZzb‡K û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gikv` mv‡ne 1983 wLª÷v‡ã LvZzb‡K û‡mBb gynv¤§` Gikv` mv‡ne 1983 wLª÷v‡ã mgvRKj¨vY I gwnjvwelqK gš¿Yvj‡qi Dc‡`óv wb‡qvM K‡ib| Z‡e mvwdqv LvZzb iscy‡ii cÖ_g gwnjv gš¿x bb| Zvi Av‡M ivóªcwZ wRqvDi ingv‡bi Avg‡j iscyi †_‡K †h gwnjv bvixwelqK gš¿xi c‡` AwawôZ n‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi bvg Zmwjgv Av‡e`| W. mvwdqv LvZzb ivRbxwZi A½‡bi †g‡q wQ‡jb bv| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb Av`k© wk¶vwe`| Z‡e µxov‡gv`x wQ‡jb| evsjv‡`k nwK ms‡Ni mfv‡bÎx Ges Gwkqvb nwK ms‡Ni mn-mfv‡bÎx wQ‡jb| wZwb 62 eQi eq‡m B‡š—Kvj Ki‡jb 1993 wLª÷v‡ã|

Gikv` mv‡n‡ei mgq fywg cÖwZgš—x n‡jb KzwoMÖv‡gi ZvRyj Bmjvg †PŠayix| Avi jvjgwYinvU †gvMjnv‡Ui wkícwZ mvËvi RyU wg‡ji gvwjK| Avãym mvËvi n‡jb cvUgwš¿ Ges c‡i Pxd ûBc| ûBciv n‡jb †QvU Lv‡Uv gš¿x| gš¿x‡`i g‡Zv Mvwo evwo, PvKi evKi meiKg my‡qvM myweav †c‡q _v‡Kb| MvBevÜvi G¨vW‡fv‡KU dR‡j iveŸx †fjy I ûBc n‡qwQ‡jb| Avi e½eÜzi Avg‡j bxjdvgvixi cÖL¨vZ QvÎjxM †bZv Avãyi iDd ûBc n‡qwQ‡jb| G K_v Avgiv Av‡MI e‡jwQ|

G hver evsjv‡`‡k GK bvMv‡o me©vwaK 9eQi (24gvP©, 1982 †_‡K- 6 wW‡m¤^i,1990) ¶gZvq wQ‡jb ivóªcwZ û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gikv`| wZwbI iscy‡ii mš—vb| †mbcvov evwo| Zvi mgq mviv evsjv‡`‡k iv¯—vNv‡Ui mxgvnxb DbœwZ nq| AmsL¨ eªxR, cyj, KvjfvU© wbwg©Z nq| _vbv‡K Dc‡Rjv Ges gnKzgv‡K †Rivq DbœxZ K‡ib wZwb| GK digvb Rvwii gva¨‡g Bs‡iRx Dacca evbvb‡K wZwb K‡ib Dhaka, Zvi †`Lv‡`wL cwðge½ miKvi c‡i weªwUk‡`i †`qv Calcutta evbvb‡K Kolkata K‡i| Gikv` mv‡ne iscy‡ii A‡bK KvR K‡ib| Zvig‡a¨ KvPvwievRv‡i AvBbRxex mwgwZ feb, cvewjK jvB‡eªix feb, wPwoqvLvbv, Gikv` wkï m`b (GwZgLvbv) Ab¨Zg| Z‡e Zvi Øviv iscy‡ii me‡P‡q eo KvRwU n‡jv wZ¯—v e¨v‡iR cÖK‡íi KvR mgvß Kiv| wKš‘ 6 wW‡m¤^i, 1990‡Z GK Mb Afy¨Ìv‡b wZwb ¶gZv †_‡K m‡i hvb| m‡½ m‡½ we‡ivax c¶ mZ¨ wg_¨v eû gvgjv w`‡q Zv‡K †Rje›`x K‡i iv‡L| wZwb `xN© 6 eQi Kviv cÖvPx‡ii Aš—iv‡j wbtm½ Rxeb KvUvb| ZvB wb›`yKiv e‡j _v‡Kb 9 eQ‡ii ivRv 6 eQ‡ii mvRv| Kvivgy³ n‡q wZwb Avevi ivRbxwZ‡Z mwµq n‡q‡Qb| †mbvcÖavb †_‡K ivRbxwZ‡Z G‡m Gikv` mv‡ne cj­xeÜz †LZve jvf K‡ib| GLb Zvi `j wQ&bœ wfbœ| Avi Zvi eqm eZ©gvb 85Gi Dc‡i| Gikv‡`i Avg‡j iscyyi †_‡K Av‡iv GKRb gš¿x n‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi bvg W.wU.AvB.Gg dR‡j iveŸx †PŠayix| MvBevÜvq Zvi evox|

ivócwZ Gikv` mv‡n‡ei miKv‡ii cZ‡bi ci wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g ¶gZvq G‡jb evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j (we.Gb.wc)| ZLbB ivócwZ kvwmZ miKvi‡K gwš¿cwil` kvwmZ miKv‡i i“cvš—wiZK‡i miKvi cÖ`v‡bi bvg n‡jv cÖavbgš¿x| cÖavbgš¿x n‡jb wRqvDi ingv‡bi ¯¿x Lv‡j`v wRqv| wZwb 5 eQi ivRZ¡ Ki‡jb| Zvi mgq MvBevÜv †_‡K gš¿x n‡jb W.Avi.G.MwY| Gici 1996 Gi wbe©P‡b weRqx n‡jv AvIqvgxjxM| GB mgq iscyi †_‡K wZwb `yB Rb‡K cÖwZ gš¿x K‡ib| †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZ gš¿x nb e`iM‡Äi elx©qvb ivRbxwZK Rbve Avwbymj nK †PŠayix Ges cwi‡ek I eb cÖwZgš¿x nb wgVvcyKz‡ii GBP.Gb. AvwkKzi ingvb| cÖavbgš¿x n‡jb e½eÜz Kb¨v †kL nvwmbv| wZwb my›`ifv‡e †`k Pvjv‡jb 5eQi| `ªe¨gyj¨ wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡jb| Gici RvZxq wbe©vP‡b Avevi ØxwZq ev‡ii g‡Zv Lv‡j`v wRqv cÖavbgš¿x n‡jb| GeviI wZwb 5eQi ¶gZvq _vK‡jb| Gi c‡ii NUbv Ab¨iKg| †mbvevwnbxi mnvqZvq ZË¡veavqK miKvi MVb Kiv n‡jv Ges cÖavb Dc‡`óv n‡jb W.dKi“Ïxb Avng`| Avi `ybx©wZi Awf‡hv‡M bvbv †gvKÏgvq †d‡m wM‡q `yB ¶gZvai cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv Ges Lv‡j`v wRqv †M‡jb †R‡j| ms‡M Av‡iv A‡bK eo eo gš¿x Ges e¨emvqxI KvivcÖvPx‡ii Aš—iv‡j| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM gš¿x e¨vwi÷vi bvRgyj û`v, AvBbgš¿x e¨vwi÷vi gI`y` Avn‡g`, mgevq I cj­x Dbœqbgš¿x Avãyj gvbœvb f~Bqv, Lv‡j`v wRqvi `yB cyÎ Zv‡iK ingvb I AvivdvZ ingvb (†Kv‡Kv), Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx cvwU©i Avgxi wkígš¿x gwZDi ingvb wbRvgx; AvIqvgxjx‡Mi †Rbv‡ij †m‡µUvix bIMvi Avãyj Rwjj, AvIqvgx jx‡Mi ¯^ivógš¿x wmivRM‡Äi gyn¤§` bvwmg, wkícwZ mvjgvb Gd.ingvb Ges Av‡bK ivNe‡evqvj| †m GK Av‡jvob m„wóKvix NUbv| †`‡k ZLb Ri“ix AvBb ejer | 9 Rb AivR‰bwZK e¨w³ Dc‡`óv wnmv‡e A¯’vqxfv‡e †`k Pvjvb| Zv‡`i j¶¨,AvMvgx‡Z mr, Ges wb‡jv©f e¨w³ †h‡bv ¶gZvq Av‡m| †`‡ki m¤ú` †h‡bv gš¿xiv jyUcvU bv K‡i          

Gici 28 wW‡m¤^i 2008-G RvZxq wbe©vPb n‡jv| wecyj msL¨K Avmb †c‡q Rqjvf Ki‡jv AvIqvgxjxM| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv| iscyi †_‡K ch©Ub I wegvbgš¿x n‡jb wR.Gg.Kv‡`i (Gikv` mv‡n‡ei †QvU fvB)

হিরণ্ময় ঐতিহ্য  খচিত স্কুল রংপুর জিলা স্কুল

iscyi †Rjv ¯‹zj iscy‡ii GKwU HwZn¨ LwPZ wk¶v½| 1862 wLª÷v‡ã miKvixKiY nIqvi ci Gi bvg †Rjv ¯‹zj n‡jI Gi hvÎv Avi¤¢ nq Zvi 30 eQi Av‡M 1832 wLª÷v‡ã| ZLb Gi bvg wQj ÔRwg`vi‡`i ¯‹zjÕ| bvgB e‡j w`‡”Q GB ¯‹zjwUi cÖwZôvZv iscy‡ii Rwg`viiv| wk¶v½b cÖwZôvq iscy‡ii Rwg`vi‡`i Ae`vb wk‡ivbv‡g Gi Ici we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

GLb †h, wekvj cvKv wewìswU Avgiv †`LwQ GUv wbwg©Z nq eû c‡i 1883 wLª÷v‡ã| Gi ga¨eZx© mg‡q ¯‹z‡ji K¬vm nq wewfbœ ¯’v‡b| ïi“‡Z †h L‡oi N‡i Gi hvÎv ïi“ nq, Zv cy‡o †M‡j 1857 wLª÷v‡ã Gi Ae¯’v nq Ki“Y| ZLb †Kivbxcvovq GKwU †emiKvwi evwo‡Z K¬vm P‡j| †mLvb †_‡K ¯‹zjwU P‡j Av‡m †KvPwenvi fe‡b| ZviI ci K¬vm P‡j GKwU †ikg ¸`v‡g| c‡i GKwU AvUPvjv N‡i ¯’vbvš—wiZ n‡h †mLv‡b K¬vm P‡j 5eQi| †k‡l evsjvi †jd‡Ub¨v›U MfY©i m¨vi G¨vm‡j B‡W‡bi e`vb¨Zvq 1883†Z eZ©gvb wewìswU ˆZwi n‡jv| GB n‡jv †Rjvi †kªô wk¶v½b, iscyi †Rjv ¯‹z‡ji AZxZ Rxe‡bi myL `yt†Li Kvwnbx| (Z_¨m~Î: Ôevsjv‡`k †Rjv †M‡RUxqvi iscyiÕ-1990| (c„.283|)

GB ¯‹z‡ji A‡bK QvÎ †`ke‡iY¨ n‡q ¯‹z‡ji mybvg e„w× K‡i‡Qb| Zvu‡`i A‡b‡Ki cwiwPZ AvR nvwi‡q †M‡Q| Avgv‡`i Rvbv g‡Z K‡qKR‡bi bvg Avgiv Gevi D‡j­L Ki‡ev| ewikv‡ji wKse`š—x cyi“l eªR‡gvnb K‡j‡Ri cÖwZôvZv Awk¦bxKzgvi `Ë (Rb¥-1856wLª.g„Z¨-1923wLª.) iscyi †Rjv ¯‹zj ‡_‡K cÖ‡ewkKv cvk K‡i 1870wLªóv‡ã| wbtm‡›`‡n wZwb †ik‡gi ¸`v‡g wKsev AvUPvjv M„‡n K¬vm K‡iwQ‡jb| KjKvZv nvB‡Kv‡U©i AcÖwZØ›`x AvBbRxex I bw›`Z mvwnwZ¨K AZzj P›`ª ¸ß (1884-1961)iscyi †Rjv ¯‹zj †_‡K  cÖ‡ewkKv cvk K‡ib 1901 wLªóv‡ã| evsjv‡`k mywcÖg‡Kv‡U©i cÖ_g cÖavb wePvicwZ G.Gg.mv‡qg GB wk¶v½b †_‡K 1931 wLª÷v‡ã g¨vwUª‡K Z…Zxq ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri cÖ_g iscyix Aa¨¶ wgVvcyKz‡ii bvwmg DÏxb Avng` 5wU welq †jUvi wb‡q óvi gvK©mn g¨vwUªK cvk K‡ib 1938 wLª÷v‡ã| gš¿x KvRx Avãyj Kv‡`iI †Rjv ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ wQ‡jb| cieZx©Kv‡j †Rjv ¯‹z‡ji †h mg¯— QvÎ bvgKiv e¨w³ n‡q‡Qb, Zviv n‡jb cigvYy weÁvbx W.Gg.G.Iqv‡R` wgqv (‡kL nvwmbvi ¯^vgx), †mbvcÖavb †Rbv‡ij gyn¤§` gy¯—vwdRyi ingvb exiweµg, †gRi †Rbv‡ij †K.Gg.Iqv‡n`, gyn¤§` AvwbQyi ingvb exiweµg, †gRi †Rbv‡ij G.Gg.Iqv‡n`, gyn¤§` Avwbmyi ingvb wm.Gm.wc. gyn¤§` mwn`yj Avjg wm.Gm.wc| mwn`yj Avjg Avgv‡`i mg‡qi wmwbqi QvÎ| wZwb g¨vwUª‡K †ev‡W© ó¨vÛ K‡iwQ‡jb| h‡Zv`yi g‡b c‡o 14Zg ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| Z‡e iscyi †Rjv ¯‹z‡ji me©Kv‡ji me©‡kªó †gavex b„‡c›`ªbv_ PµeZx©| ZLb mviv c~e©cvwK¯—v‡b GKwU †evW© wQ‡jv XvKv †evW©| XvKv †ev‡W© wZwb 1957wLª÷v‡ã g¨vwUª‡K cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| ZLbB ¯‹z‡j (Honours Bord) †gavex Qv·`i bvg †jLv ïi“ n‡jv| Gici Avgv‡`i g‡Zv Pz‡bvcywUiv hLb e„wË-wUwË †cjvg, Avgv‡`i bvgI †ev‡W© †jLv n‡jv| Gevi wKQy ¯§„wZPviY|

Avgv‡`i mgq (1959-19644)†Rjv ¯‹z‡ji cÖavb wk¶K wQ‡jb ZeviK †nv‡mb| wZwb wU.†nv‡mb bv‡gB cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| AZ¨š— kvš—, å`ª,big gvbyl| wKš‘ cÖLi e¨w³Z¡m¤úbœ| wk¶K wU‡gi Ag~j¨iZœ wQ‡jb me©Rbve †Mvjvg ieŸvbx, †`Iqvb †gv¯—vwdRyi ingvb, Kwe L›`Kvi Avãyj MwY(cxiMÄ),†Zvdv¾j ‡nv‡mb (KzZzecyi-e`iMÄ), gKmy`vi ingvb(bxjdvgvix),Avãyj Mwb (ivavej­e)mvLvIqvZDj­vn, LwZeDÏxb Avn¤§`, Avãyj AvwRR, Avãyj Kv‡`i gÛj, kixiPP©v wk¶K †KveŸv` m¨vi,kªx wbg©‡j›`y jvwnox, kªx w؇R›`ªjvj PµeZx© cÖgyL| wn›`y wk¶K `yÕRbB wQ‡jb|

Avãyj Kv‡`i gÛj m¨vi †Rbv‡ij BwZnvm cov‡Zb| K¬v‡m GKw` m¨vi‡K ejjvg,m¨vi †Rbv‡ij BwZnv‡m †jUvi cvIqv hvq bv? wZi¯‹v‡ii ¯^‡i DËi w`‡jb,Ô‡K‡bv cvIqv hv‡e bv| Zzwg GKUv cv‡e, myRv GKUv cv‡e, wmwÏK GKUv cv‡e, †Zvgiv mevB GKUv K‡i †jUvi cv‡eÕ| ï‡b evZvmnxb †ejy‡bi g‡Zv gbUv Avgvi Pzc‡m †M‡jv| 1964 wLªóv‡ãi e¨vP Avgiv| Gm.Gm.wm. cix¶vi hLb †iRvë †ei n‡jv, ZLb cwÎKvi cvZvq †`Lv †M‡jv ivRkvnx †ev‡W© GKwU gvÎ QvÎ †Rbv‡ij BwZnv‡m †jUvi b¤^i †c‡q‡Qb| †mB QvÎ GB †jLK| Kv‡`i gÛj m¨vi, ¸i“M¤¢xi gvbyl| nvm‡Zb bv KL‡bv| wKš‘ †jUvi cvIqvi ci m¨v‡ii mvg‡b hLb `vovjvg, Zvi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvKv‡ZB Ggb GKUv wgwó nvwm w`‡jb, g‡b n‡jv Zvi g~j¨ GK‡KvwU UvKv| kirkkxi DQ‡j cov Av‡jvi g‡Zv †mB স্নিগ্ধ nvwm; Zvi k¥kÖ“-gwÛZ gy‡L D™¢vwmZ n‡q DV‡jv| Avwg Abyfe Kijvg GK ¯^Mx©q myL|

¯‹z‡ji g~j ivRKxq fe‡bi †cQ‡bi wewìsUv H mgq ˆZix n‡jv| w`b ivZ wgw¯¿iv KvR Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| Gi K›Uªjvi wQ‡jb weL¨vZ ivRbxwZK gwkûi ingvb (hv`ywgqv)| wZwb gv‡S gv‡S GKUv Rx‡c P‡o Avm‡Zb| dmv© iO, ci‡b †c‡kvqvix †cvkvK Avi nv‡Z K¨vc÷vb wmMv‡iU| `yi †_‡K kª×vi `„wó‡Z Avgvi Zvi w`‡K ZvKvZvg| Zvi †R¨ôKb¨vi bvg gyw³| H wewìs Gi cÖwZwU B‡U gyw³ bvgwU †Lvw`Z K‡i‡Qb wZwb| K¬vm ïi“i Av‡M ¯‹z‡ji Db¥ y³ gv‡V Avgiv muvwie×fv‡e `vovZvg| ci‡b mv`v cvqRvgv, Avi †MÖ Kvjv‡ii kvU©| BDwbdig †cvkvK| †KveŸv` m¨vi AvOy‡ji Bkvivq 4wU †Q‡j‡K WvK‡Zb| Zviv myi K‡i MvB‡e RvZxq m½xZ| Zv‡`i mv‡_ mevB‡K| G‡Z Dc‡ii K¬v‡mi `xN©‡`nx wbfx©K †h ‡Q‡jwU memgq †bZ„Z¡ wQ‡jb, wZwbB AvR‡K evsjv‡`k KwgDwbó cvwU©i kxl©‡bZv gÄyi“j Avnmvb Lvb| Avgiv MvBZvg-                                                                  ÔcvKmvi Rwgb mv`ev`

          ‡K‡kvqv‡i nvwmb mv`ev`

          Zz wbkv‡b AvR‡g Avwjkvb

          Avi‡R cvwK¯—vb|

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ZvRnvU gnvivRv †Mvcvjjvj ivq 1j¶, †Ucv ciMYvi Rwg`vi Abœ`v‡gvnb ivq‡PŠayix 1j¶ Ges iscyi,MvBevÜv,KzwoMÖvg Ges bxjdvgvix GjvKvi Rwg`vi I eo eo e¨emvqxiv GK wgwUs‡qB Pvu`v w`‡jb 4j¶ UvKv| GLb K‡jR bv n‡q hv‡e †Kv_vq| Avi †¯^”Qvq Avb›`wP‡Ë Rwg `vb Ki‡jb KzÛx ciMbvi Rwg`viiv| G‡Z my‡i›`ªP›`ª ivq‡PŠayix Ges gbx›`ªP›`ª ivq‡PŠayix fvZ…Øq w`‡jb 419weNv Ges KzÛxi Aci kwi‡Ki Rwg`vi g„ZzÄq ivq‡PŠayix (Z…wß ivq †PŠayixi wcZvgn) w`‡jb 525 weNv| †gvU 844 weNv Rwg Puv`v wnmv‡e G‡m †M‡jv K‡j‡Ri Rb¨| Avi miKvi †`q 90 nvRvi UvKv|

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Aa¨¶ AvmKvi Avwj 1956-1961 ch©š— 5 eQi KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri Aa¨¶ wQ‡jb| Zvui evox bvivqYM‡Äi i“cMÄ| wZwb GKRb e¨vwióviI e‡U| LyeB `¶ Ges RbwcÖq Aa¨¶ wQ‡jb| Zvui QvÎ-QvÎxiv GL‡bv Zvui cÖksmvq cÂgyL| Zvui GK K…wZQvÎx XvKv wm‡×k¦ix Mvj©m ¯‹z‡ji cÖwZôvZv Aa¨¶ ˆmq`v kvg‡mAviv †nv‡mb KvigvB‡K‡ji ¯§„wZPviY Ki‡Z wM‡q wjL‡jb, ÔAa¨¶ wnmv‡e †c‡qwQjvg Rbve AvmKvi Avwj‡K| wZwb cÖw_Zhkv, weÁ Ges wb‡ew`ZcÖvY wk¶K wQ‡jb| Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwR K¬vm wb‡Zb| K‡j‡Ri 900weNvi cÖv½b Ry‡o wQ‡jv Zvi Z`viwK `„wó| K‡jR Rxe‡bi wfbœZi cvV¨welq wewa e¨e¯’vcbvi m‡½ KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri cÖvš—i Ry‡o _vKv bvbv Rvbv-ARvbv e„¶ivwRi mRxeZv Avgvi wPš—v fvebv‡K cÖvYgq K‡i Zzj‡Zv| Rxe‡bi my›`i c_ mÜv‡b cv‡_q n‡q Av‡Q GB we`¨vcx‡Vi wnib¥q ¯§„wZ| gvZ…mg Avgvi D”P wk¶vi cÖ_g †mvcvb KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri Kv‡Q Avwg wPiFYx|

Aa¨vcK Avey Zvwje Lyjbv †_‡K iscy‡i G‡mwQ‡jb Aa¨vcbv Ki‡Z| KvigvB‡K‡j evsjv cwo‡q‡Q 1954 †_‡K 1964 ch©š— 10eQi| Zvi ¸Ygy» eû QvÎ AvR †`ke‡iY¨| iscyi‡K wZwb fv‡jvevm‡Zb g‡bcÖv‡Y| GKRb M‡elK wn‡m‡eI wZwb bw›`Z| iscy‡ii eû cÖvPxb c~w_ msMÖn K‡i wZwb Zvi Ici Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb Zvi iwPZ ÔDËie‡½i mwnZ¨ mvabvÕ MÖ‡š’| e`iM‡Äi w`jvjcyi †_‡K Kwe †Mvjvg im~j iwPZ imyj weRq bvgK MÖš’wU D×vi Zvi GKwU D‡j­L‡hvM¨ NUbv|

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KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡R cÖ_g iscyix Aa¨¶ ivbxcyKz‡ii bvwmgDÏxb Avn‡g` (1966-1977)| Gici Av‡iv K‡qKRb iscy‡ii K…wZmš—vb Aa¨‡¶i c` Aj¼„Z K‡ib| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg wPjgvix KzwoMÖv‡gi W.gyn¤§` †iRvDj nK (1990-1991),MvBevÜv †LvÏ© ‡KvgicyKz‡ii cÖ‡dmi gyn¤§` iwdKzi ingvb †PŠayix (1997), †nv‡mbcyi e`iM‡Äi cÖ‡dmi gyn¤§` b~i“bœex †PŠayix| (2003-2008) cÖgyL D‡j­L‡hvM¨|

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KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri eû K…wZQvÎ ¯^xq I †hvM¨Zvi e‡j †`k weL¨vZ n‡q‡Qb| Zv‡`i ZvwjKv A‡bK eo| GLv‡b Avgiv K‡qKwU bv‡gi D‡j­L Ki‡ev Gevi| Zviv n‡jb-1. evsjv‡`k MYcwil‡`i cÖ_g ¯úxKvi MvBevÜvi kvn Avãyj nvwg` (1900-1972); 2. AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi iscyi kvLvi cÖwZôvZv mfvcwZ bxjdvgvixi `weiDÏxb Avng` (1902-1993); 3. iscy‡ii Awemsevw`Z evgcw¯’ ivRbxwZwe` Kg‡iW gwYK…ò †mb (1903-1991); 4. DËie‡½i cÖ_g gymwjg we.we.Gm. (Bengal Civil Service) Awdmvi KywoMÖv‡gi cvbvDj­vn Avng`| (1905-1969), 5. bxjdvgvixi gš¿x LqivZ †nv‡mb (1909-1972); 6. evsjv‡`k mywcÖg‡Kv‡U©i cÖ_g cÖavb wePvicwZ I lô ivóªcwZ gywÝcvov, iscy‡ii Avey mv`Z gyn¤§` mv‡qg (1926-1997); 7. RjXvKv, bxjdvgvixi gš¿x KvRx Avãyj Kv‡`i (1920-2002); 8. gywÝvovi G¨vW‡fv‡KU KvRx gyn¤§` Gwnqv (1920-2003); 9. c~e©cvwK¯—vb †¯úvU©m †dWv‡ik‡bi †Rbv‡ij †m‡µUvix gywÝcvovi ˆmq` Aveyj gnmxb (1920-1971); 10. ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© MvBevÜvi gKeyjvi ingvb miKvi (1928-1985); 11. e`iM‡Äi gš¿x Avwbmyj nK †PŠayix (1932); 12. GKz‡ki c`K AR©bKvix wk¶vwe` wgVvcKz‡ii Aa¨vcK b~i“j Bmjvg (1933-2005); 13. The Morning News. Gi GwWUi bxjdvgvwii AvjnvR¡ kvgm-Dj-û`v (1936-1992);14. PviY mvsevw`K †gvbvRvZDÏxb (1945-1995) GQvovI B‡ËdvK m¤úv`K I ivóª`~Z wgVvKz‡ii AvLZvi Dj Avjg; cxiM‡Äi gš¿x gwZDi ingvb KvigvB‡K‡j c‡o‡Qb| LqivZ †nv‡mb wQ‡jb KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri cÖ_g gymwjg wfwc Ges KvRx gyn¤§` Gwnqv wQ‡jb QvÎ msm‡`i cÖ_g gymwjg †Rbv‡ij †m‡µUvwi|

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60/70 eQi Av‡M GB GjvKvUv Mfxi R½‡j Ave„Z wQ‡jv| evN,eb¨ïqi, k„Mvj cÖf„wZ wnsmª Rš‘ evm Ki‡Zv| ZLb †KD f‡q R½‡ji av‡ii Kv‡QI ‡h‡Zv bv| gmwR`wUI Kv‡iv `„wó‡Z co‡Zv bv| H mgq GB GjvKvi Avi GKwU A‡jŠwKK NUbv NU‡Zv| Kv‡iv evwo‡Z we‡q kv`xi Abyôvb n‡j, bvw›`qvi `xwNi `w¶Y c~e© †Kv‡Y wM‡q †jv‡K Rj‡`ex‡K ej‡Zv, Avgvi 50wKsev 100Lvbv _vjv jvM‡e| ciw`b †mLv‡b †M‡j †mB cwigvY _vjv cvIqv †h‡Zv| wKse`š—xi g‡Zv K_vUv †jvK gy‡L P‡j Avm‡Q| GB NUbv¸‡jv Avgv‡K KvM‡R wj‡L Rvwb‡q‡Qb †Mvcvjcyi BDwbq‡bi cÖv³b †Pqvig¨vb exi gyw³‡hv×v eÜzei Avãym mvËvi|

Gevi Avmv hvK cieZx©Kv‡j| ‡gvMj Avg‡j| mgªvU AvKei Kvgi“c weR‡qi Rb¨ hLb ivRv gvbwmsn‡K †mbvevwnbx wb‡q evsjvq cvVv‡jb, ZLb GB GjvKvUv LyeB AÜKvi I AbybœZ wQj| Ggb Kx ˆmb¨ Ges A‡k¦i cvwb cvb KiviI e¨e¯’v wQj bv| ZvB †Mvcvjcy‡ii Aí wKQy `y‡I †mbvevwnbxi Rjcv‡bi Rb¨ Aí mg‡q GKwU cyKzi Lbb Kiv‡jv| †mB cyKziUvi bvg n‡jv m`¨tcy¯‹wiYx| A_©vr GBgvÎ (m`¨) Lbb Kiv cy¯‹wiYx| ZLbB nVvr gvbwms‡ni ivRcyZ cy‡ivwnZ gviv †M‡jb| c~Rvi bR¨ cy‡ivwnZ `iKvi| hy‡× Mg‡bi mgq gš¿ Zš¿ cv‡Vi Rb¨I cy‡ivwnZ jv‡M| ZvB wZwb GKRb evOvjx cy‡ivwnZ wb‡qvM Ki‡jb| bvg ksKijvj gy‡Lvcva¨vq| evwo ea©gv‡bi Kv‡Uvqv| Zuvi cyΠ †KkeP›`ª gy‡Lvcva¨vqI m‡½ wQ‡jb| w`wj­‡Z wd‡i hvIqvi mgq gvbwmsn KzÛx ciMYvi Rwg`vix cÖ`vb K‡i †M‡jb ksKvijvj gy‡Lvcva¨vq‡K| Zuvi g„Zz¨i ci 1606 wLª÷v‡ã †KkeP›`ª Rvwg`vi n‡jb| wZwb H mgq ev`kvnx digv‡bi gva¨‡g Ôivq‡PŠayixÕ Dcvwa jvf Ki‡jb| ZLb Lywk n‡q wZwb Zuvi Rwg`vwi‡Z 4Uv †gŠRvi bvg ivL‡jb mgªvU AvKe‡ii AwffveK ˆeivg Luvi bv‡g ˆeivgcyi (e`iM‡Ä), wcZvi bv‡g ksKicyi (e`iMÄ e›`‡ii DcK‡Ú,) ivRv gvbwms‡ni bv‡g gvbwmsncyi (e`iM‡Äi ivavbMi BDwbq‡b) Ges ¯^xq bv‡g †Kkecyi (iscyi m`‡i|) HwZnvwmK ‡mB bvg ¸‡jv ejer Av‡Q AvRI|

GB Rwg`vi es‡ki ivRevwo m`¨tcy¯‹wiYx MÖv‡g| Z‡e evwoi Aw¯—Z¡ GLb †bB| GLb ay ay gvV I avb cv‡Ui †¶Z| Gu‡`i GK kwiK GKUz m‡i G‡m ivRevwo evbvq †Mvcvjcy‡i| wekvj ivRevox| Gi mvg‡b GKwU weivU cyKzi| Gi PZz©w`‡K 4Uv cvKv NvU| Pvicv‡o Zvj †LRy‡ii MvQ| evwo I cKzi GL‡bv A¶Z Ae¯’vq Av‡Q| evm K‡ib ¯’vbxq GK awb e¨w³| GB evoxi †kªô mš—vb KvjxP›`ª ivq‡PŠayix| KvjxP›`ª ivq †PŠayix †mB AÜKvi hy‡M GB MÖvgwU‡K Av‡jvwKZ K‡i Ggb wKQy BwZnvm m„wó K‡i †M‡Qb, hv AvR iscy‡ii gvby‡li M‡e©i ab Ges iscy‡ii BwZnvm iPbvi g~j¨evb Dcv`vb|

ïay iscyi bq, DËie½ bq, eis mgMÖ c~e©e‡½i cÖ_g cwÎKv cÖKvk nq GB †Mvcvjcyi †_‡K| ZviB bvg Ôi½cyi evZ©venÕ| Gi c„ô‡cvlK wQ‡jb Kwe KvjxP›`ª ivq‡PŠa~ix| cwÎKv cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ wZwb 1847 wLªóv‡ã gy`ªYhš¿ ¯’vcb Ki‡jb †Mvcvjcy‡i| mvßvwnK cwÎKv| cÖPvi msL¨v 100| evwl©K wewbgq g~j¨ mWvK 6 UvKv| AwMÖg w`‡j 4UvKv| m¤úv`bv Ki‡Zb ¸i“PiY ivq| ¯^vaxb gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ cwÎKvwU miKv‡ii †ivlvb‡j c‡o †M‡jv| GK wWµx e‡j cwÎKvwU eÜ K‡i †`q 1857 wLªóv‡ã|

we`¨vbyivMx KvjxP›`ª Abyfe Ki‡jb GKwU RvwZ‡K ev GKwU †`k‡K DbœZ Ki‡Z n‡j bvixwk¶v Ri“ix| H hy‡M bvixwk¶v mgv‡R wbw›`Z wQ‡jv| gymwjg Ges wn›`y Dfq mgv‡Ri wPÎ GKBi“c| 1809wLªóv‡ã Wv.eyKvbb n¨vwgjUb mv‡ne hLb iscy‡i G‡jb, G‡mB Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb †Kv‡bv bvix hw` †jvLvcov †k‡L Zvn‡j Zuvi ¯^vgx AKv‡j gviv hv‡e | ZvB weave n‡q ¯^vgxi wPZvq givi f‡q †Kv‡bv bvix †jLvcov Kivi K_v wPš—v I Ki‡Zv bv| wKš‘ mgv‡Ri GB AÜvKvi wbq‡gi ce©Zmgvb evav‡K KzVvivNvZ Ki‡jb KvjxP›`ª| wZwb †Mvcvjcy‡i GKwU evwjKv we`¨vjq ¯’vcb Ki‡jb| GLb mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡jv QvÎx cv‡eb †Kv_vq? ZLb wZwb wbR evwoi †g‡q‡`i w`‡q Gi hvÎv Avi¤¢ Ki‡jb H 1847 wLªóv‡ã| ZL‡bv †eMg †iv‡Kqvi Rb¥ nqwb| cvqiveÜ MÖv‡g †iv‡Kqvi Rb¥ n‡jv Gi 33 eQi ci 1880wLªóv‡ã|

cª_g evsjv †gŠwjK bvU‡Ki Rb¥I GB jvj gvwUi MÖvg †Mvcvjcy‡i| GiI D‡`¨v³v KvjxP›`ª ivq‡PŠayix| Avgiv mvaviYZ g‡b Kwi `xbeÜz wg‡Îi Ôbxj`c©YÕ-B evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g bvUK| Avm‡j Zv mwVK bq| bxj`c©Y `xbeÜz wgÎ wjL‡jb 1860wLª÷v‡ã| Avi ÔKyjxbKzjme©¯^Õ bvUKwU KvjxP›`ª ivq‡PŠayixi c„ô‡cvlKZvq iwPZ n‡jv 18570wLª÷v‡ã| GB bvUKwU iPbvi cy‡e© wZwb Ôi½cyi evË©venÕ cwÎKvq weÁvcb w`‡q 50UvKv cyi¯‹vi †Nvlbv K‡iwQ‡jb| ZLb ivbvbvivqY ZK©iZœ bv‡g GK cwÛZ bvUKwU wj‡L cyi¯‹vi jvf Ki‡jb| H eQi bvUKwU KjKvZvq Rqivg emvK bv‡g GK e¨w³i evwo‡Z AwfbxZ n‡qwQj|

Avgiv Rvwb, w`wj­i 6 eQ‡ii ev`kvn (1539-1545) †ki kvn msev` Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †Nvovi wc‡V GK¯’vb †_‡K Aci ¯’v‡b WvK PjvPj e¨e¯’v K‡iwQ‡jb| †mB ixwZ cieZx©Kv‡j-G Pvjy wQ‡jv| we‡kl K‡i 1879 wLªóv‡ãi c~e© ch©š— †NvovNv‡Ui m‡½ iscyii WvK PjvPj n‡Zv Nvovi Wv‡K| Ôb`©vb †e½j †ijI‡qÕ Zvi kvLv iscyi ch©š— we¯—vi Ki‡jv 1879 wLªóv‡ã| ZLb †_‡K †Uª‡b WvK Avbv †bIqv ïi“ n‡jv| wKš‘ iscy‡i WvKNi ¯’vwcZ n‡jv 1850 wLª÷v‡ã| Gi me©cÖ_g kvLvwU ‡Lvjv n‡jv †h ¯’v‡b, †mUvI GB †Mvcvjcyi| GLb Aek¨ †Mvcvjcy‡i WvKNi †bB| ¯’vbvš—wiZ n‡q G‡m‡Q k¨vgcy‡i|

Ôevsjv GKv‡Wgx PwiZvwfavbÕ-G KvjxP›`ª ivq‡PŠayix bvg msw¶ß AvKv‡i †jLv n‡q‡Q| Zuvi Rb¥ I g„Zz¨i ZvwiL D‡j­L †bB| wKš‘ wZwb †h GKRb Kwe I †jLK wQ‡jb Zv Rvbv †M‡jv PwiZvwfavb c‡i| Zvi iwPZ 2wU MÖ‡š’i bvgÔ¯^fve `c©YÕ I Ô†cÖgvimvóKÕ|

Dc‡i D‡j­wLZ bvbv Z_¨ DcvË Ges HwZnvwmK NUbv¸‡jvi¸i“Z¡ Ges cÖvPxb‡Z¡i Av‡jv‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †MvcvjcyiB iscy‡ii me©‡kªó HwZnvwmK ¯’vb| Avi KzÛxi Rwg`vi es‡ki Av‡jvwKZ mš—vb KvjxP›`ª ivq †PŠayix †mB †Mvcvjcyi‡K K‡i‡Qb Av‡iv HwZn¨ gwÛZ|

KzÛxi Rwg`v‡ii Avi GK K…wZgvb cyi“l my‡i›`ªP›`ª ivq‡PŠayix| 1876 wLªóv‡ã wZwb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| ms¯‹zwZgb¯‹, we‡`¨vtmvnx I cÖRvermj Rwg`vi wQ‡jb wZwb| 1905 mv‡j DËie½ mvwnZ¨ cwil‡`i kvLv Ôiscyi mvwnZ¨ cwilrÕ Gi AvZ¥cÖKvk NU‡j wZwb H cwil‡`i cÖwZôvZv m¤úv`K, i½cyi Rwg`vi G‡mvwm‡qk‡bi cÖwZôvZv m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb| KvigvB‡Kj K‡jR ¯’vc‡b wZwb 419 weNv Rwg `vb K‡ib| GQvovI i½cyi Rwg`vix e¨vsK cÖwZô, iscyi †Rjv‡ev‡W©i m`m¨ I c‡i fvBm †Pqvig¨vb wbe©vwPZ n‡h eû RbwnZKi KvR K‡i‡Qb| i½cyi mvwnZ¨ cwilr cwÎKvq Zvi eû g~j¨evb Z_¨c~Y© cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| i½cy‡ii mvwnZ¨ mvs¯‹…wZi weKvk mva‡b wZwb AvgiY KivR K‡i †M‡Qb| mvwnZ¨cÖvY my‡i›`ªP›`ª ivq †PŠayix 1946 wLªóv‡ãi 24 Rvbyqvix gviv hvb|

‡Mvcvjcy‡ii †mB †RŠjym GLb Avi †bB| fx‡gi MowUI jyß n‡Z P‡j‡Q| Mo †K‡U †jv‡K Rwg †ei K‡i Nievwo Ki‡Q| GLv‡b GKUv †QvUª nvU Av‡Q| Avi Av‡Q wKQy wn›`y Kzgvi m¤cÖ`v‡qi gvbyl| Giv nvwo-cvwZj, Kjm, gUKv ˆZwi K‡i| Kwe †iv‡gbv †PŠaix, cÖL¨vZ dzUejvi mv›Uz, W. ˆmKZ AvmMi, Aa¨vwcKv AvLZvi evby †ejy cÖgL GB GjvKvi K…wZmš—vb G-Kv‡j| Avi cvk¦©eZx© m`¨tcy¯‹wiYx MÖv‡gi Abb¨ mgvR‡mex, Z¨vM wPiKygvix Kb¨v Z…wß ivq †PŠayix-whwb iscy‡i I myweL¨vZ wQ‡jb| wUcvB w` KzÛx ciMYvi Rwg`vi KY¨v|

          Z_¨m~Î

          * Ôi½cy‡ii cÖvPxb BwZnvmÕ: gyn¤§` gwbi“¾vgvb-1988

          * i½cyi evËv©enÕ: W.iZb jvj PµeZx© I mykvš— P›`ª Lvu-2001, KjKvZv|

          Zv‡`i m¤úvw`Z evË©ven msKj‡bi f~wgKvq 1854 mv‡j Ôi½cyi evË©venÕ cwÎKvwU eÜ   n‡q hvq|

 

wk¶v½b cÖwZôvq iscy‡ii Rwg`vi‡`i Ae`vb

Bs‡iRx fvlvi AvMg‡bi m‡½ m‡½ Avgv‡`i †`‡k ¯‹zj, K‡jR, BDwbfvwm©wU kã ¸‡jv G‡mv †M‡jv| Gi Av‡M †gvNj Avg‡j Ges ZviI Av‡M wk¶v c×wZ Ges wk¶v½‡bi bvg¸‡jv wQj Ab¨iKg| wn›`y‡`i cÖv_wgK wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi bvg wQ‡jv †Uvj| †Uv‡j ms¯‹…Z cov‡bv n‡Zv| Avi †e`,e¨vKiY,Kve¨ I `k©b †h mg¯— wk¶vcÖwZôv‡b cov‡bv n‡Zv Zv‡K ejv n‡Zv PZz¯úvwV| Z‡e gymwjg‡`i wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi bvg wQj Ô`imÕ| `i‡mB eZ©gvb bvg gv`ªvmv|

iscy‡i cÖ_g ¯‹zj cÖwZôv n‡jv 1832 wLª÷v‡ã| bvg Rwg`vi‡`i ¯‹zj| ¯‹zjwUi D‡Øvab Ki‡jb jW© DBwjqvg †ew›UK ¯^qs iscyi G‡m| ïi“‡Z GUv wQj L‡oi Ni wQ‡jv| GB ¯‹zj cÖwZôvq miKvi ïay wdZv †K‡U D‡Øvab Ki‡jb, wKš‘ UvKv w`‡jb bv| ïi“‡Z 25nvRvi UvKv Puv`v w`‡jb iscy‡ii eo eo Rwg`viiv| 1857 wLª÷v‡ã ¯‹zjwU miKvwi mvnvh¨ cÖvß cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ n‡jv| Avi 1862 wLª÷v‡ã †Rjv ¯‹zj bv‡g miKvixKiY n‡jv| 1883 wLªóv‡ã evsjvi ZrKvjxb †j. MfY©i m¨vi A¨vm‡j B‡Wb KZ…©K eZ©gvb fe‡bi wfwËcÖ¯’i ¯’vwcZ n‡jv| ZLb †_‡KB †Rjv ¯‹zjwU †Rjvi mKj †kªYxi RbM‡bi wk¶vi Pvwn`v c~i‡Y mg_© n‡jv| weÁvb K¬vm Pvjy n‡jv| weÁvb K¬vm Pvjy n‡jv 1904 wLª÷v‡ã| gdt¯^j †_‡K Avmv Qv·`i Rb¨ cÖ_‡g wn›`y †nv‡÷j wbwg©Z n‡jv 1919 wLªóv‡ã| GB n‡jv iscy‡ii cÖ_g ¯‹zjwUi †cQ‡bi msw¶ß Bwne„Ë| G cÖm‡½ iscyi †Rjv ¯‹zj As‡k we¯—vwiZ ejv n‡q‡Q|

dvwm©‡K weZvwoZ K‡i Bs‡iRx fvlv Awdwmqvjx Pvjy n‡jv 1836 wLªóv‡ã| H eQ‡i KzÛx ciMYvi we`¨vbyivMx Rwg`vi ivR‡gvnb ivq‡PŠayix wbR A‡_© GKwU iscyi kn‡i Bs‡iRx D”P we`¨vjq ¯’vcb Ki‡jb| evnvie›` ciMYvi †K›`ªwe›`y Dwjcy‡i c‡i KvwkgevRv‡ii Rwg`vibx ¯^xq bv‡g cÖwZôv Ki‡jb gnvivYx ¯^Y©gqx nvB ¯‹zj(1868) wLª÷v‡ã| ZzlfvÛvi Rwg`viiv ZzlfvÛv‡i Áv‡bi cÖ`xc R¡vjv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU nvB ¯‹zj Pvjy Ki‡jb| ZvRnvU gnvivRv †Mvwe›`jvj ivq 1890wLª÷v‡ã cÖwZôv Ki‡jb ZvRnvU nvB¯‹zj| Zuvi my‡hvM¨cyÎ gnvivRv †Mvcvjjvj ivq cieZx©Kv‡j KvigvB‡Kj K‡jR cÖwZôvi mgq w`‡jb 1j¶ UvKv| KvwKbvi Rwg`viivI wk¶vbyivMx wQ‡jb| KvwKbvq ¯‹zj cÖwZôv Kiv QvovI iscyi kn‡i ¯’vcb Ki‡jb ˆKjvkiÄb nvB¯‹zjwU| ˆKjvkiÄb wQ‡jb KvwKbvi Rwg`vi k¤¢yivq †PŠayixi cyÎ| AKv‡j ˆKjvkiÄb gviv †M‡j wcZv LyeB `ytL cvb| ZLb wZwb cÖqvZ cy‡Îi bvgwU ¯§iYxq Kivi Rb¨ wbR A‡_© wbgv©Y Kiv‡jb ˆKjvkiÄb nvB¯‹zj| c‡i wZwb `ËK wb‡jb gwngviÄb‡K| iscy‡ii BwZnv‡m gwngviÄb GKwU D¾¡j bvg| wZwb ‡`k‡cÖwgK,ms¯‹…wZgbv, mvwnZ¨‡mex Ges `vbexi Rwg`vi wQ‡jb| KvwKbvq Zvi GKwU wekvj jvB‡eªix wQ‡jv| cieZx©Kv‡j H jvB‡eªixi AwaKvsk MÖš’ wZwb `vb Ki‡jb KvigvB‡Kj K‡jR MÖš’vMv‡i| KjKvZv-‡Kw›`ªKe½xq mvwnZ¨ cwilr Gi cÖ_g kvLv 1905 wLª÷v‡ã hLb iscy‡i †Lvjv n‡jv, Gi cÖwZôvZv mfvcwZ n‡qwQ‡jb gwngviÄb ivq‡PŠayix| AvR iscy‡ii †kªô mvwnZ¨ I mvs¯‹…wZK A½b UvDb nj-Gi we¯—xY© PZ¡i| GLv‡b AvR wewfbœ mvwnZ¨, m½xZ I m½xZPP©v Ges mvwn‡Z¨i Avmi e‡m| n‡ji g‡Â AbywôZ nq bvbv g‡bvig Abyôvb| †mB UvDb njwU `uvwo‡q Av‡Q gwngviÄb ivq‡PŠayixi `vb Kiv Rwg‡Z| cÖm½Z ej‡Z nq, GB ivRes‡ki †kl Rwg`vi wQ‡jb gwngvićbi cyÎ g‡n›`ªiÂb| GB `yB evc †eUvi bv‡gi ¯§„wZ‡Z fv¯^i iscy‡i g‡n›`ªbMi Ges gwngvMÄ †ij †÷kb `ywU| KvDwbqv I kvš—vnv‡ii c‡_ iscyii fywg‡Z †kl †ij †÷kb gwngvMÄ MvBevÜvq| KvDwbqv Dc‡Rjvq †Ucv ciMYvi Rwg`vi Abœ`v‡gvnb ivq‡PŠayix wk¶vbyivMx Rwg`vi wQ‡jb| wQ‡jb D`vi g‡bi gvbyl| †Ucvq ga¨ Bs‡iRx ¯‹zj ¯’vcb Ki‡jb| KvigvB‡Kj K‡jR cÖwZôvi mgq `vb Ki‡jb 1j¶ UvKv| iscy‡i Mvjm© ¯‹zj cÖwZôvI Zuvi Ae`vb h‡_ô| iscyi †_‡K MvBevÜvi c‡_ KvDwbqvi Rsk‡bi c‡ii †ij †÷kb Abœ`vbMi, GB weL¨vZ Rwg`v‡ii bv‡g DrmMx©K…Z| bxjdvgvixi wWgjvi Rwg`vi‡`i `vb Ae`v‡bi †Zv Zzjbv nq bv| iscyi †cŠimfv `vwo‡q Av‡Q ivRv RvbKxej­‡fi evMvbevoxi Rwg‡Z| Zvi gv‡qi bv‡g Lbb Kiv cÖYvjx k¨vgvmy›`ix Lvj| Avi KzÛx ciMYvi Rwg`vi‡`i mgvR‡mevgyjK Kv‡Ri †Zv †Kv‡bv mxgv †bB| mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZi A½‡bI Gu‡`i c`PviYv mevi Dc‡i| i½cyi mvwnZ¨ cwilr Gi cÖwZôvZv KzÛxi Rwg`vi my‡i›`ªP›`ª ivq †PŠayix| GB es‡kiB †`ke‡iY¨ mš—vb †Mvcvjcy‡ii KvjxP›`ª ivq‡PŠayix| Zvi Dci wek` Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ôiscy‡ii me©‡kªô HwZnvwmK ¯’vb †MvcvjcyiÕ wk‡ivbv‡g| Avi KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri eY©bvq DËie‡½i AKª‡dvW© KvigvB‡Kj K‡jR wk‡ivbv‡g Avgiv e¨³ K‡iwQ, Avevi ejwQ, KzÛxi Av‡jvKwZ Rwg`vi g„Zz¨Äq ivq‡PŠayix me©cÖ_g iscy‡i GKwU cÖ_g †kªYxi K‡jR cÖwZôvi ¯^cœ †`‡Lb| c‡i K‡jR cÖwZôvi Rb¨ 425 weNv Rwg `vb K‡ib| KzÛxi Aci kix‡Ki Rwg`vi my‡i›`ªP›`ª ivq‡PŠayix I gbx›`ªP›`ª ivq‡PŠayix åvZ„Øq w`‡jb 419 weNv| Hw`‡K KzwoMÖv‡gi cv½v ciMbvi Rwg`viYx ivYx j¶xwcÖqv †`exI Pzc K‡i e‡m _v‡Kb wb| 1887 wLªóv‡ã cv½vq wZwb GKwU ga¨-Bs‡iRx ¯‹zj cÖwZôv K‡i BwZnv‡mi cvZvq wb‡Ri bvgUv †jLv‡jb| ZLb bvix wk¶vi AMª`~Z †eMg †iv‡Kqv ZLb 7 eQ‡ii evwjKv|

‡eMg †iv‡Kqv KjKvZvq 17 jW© wmbnv †iv‡W 1911 wLª÷v‡ã ¯^xq ¯^vgxi bv‡g mvLvIqvr †g‡gvwiqvj Mvj©m ¯‹zj cÖwZôv K‡i Agi n‡q iB‡jb| mymvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡eI wZwb bvg Ki‡jb| wKš‘ Zvi c~e©cyi“l cvqive‡›`i Rwg`vi‡`i mgvR‡mevgyjK Kv‡Ri †Kv‡bv wPü Avgiv iscy‡ii †Kv_vI †`L‡Z cvB bv| dzj‡PŠwK weL¨vZ b~i“Ïxb gyn¤§` ev‡Ki R½ Gm‡wQ‡jb w`wj­ †_‡K evsjvi beve n‡Z| ZvB bv‡gi Av‡M AwMÖg beve †hvM Ki‡jb| 9†deª“qvix, 1760 wLªóv‡ã Bs‡iR evwnbxi m‡M Zvi evwnbxi hy× n‡jv; wgVvcyKz‡ii gvwmgcy‡i| GUv ivRvi m‡½ ivRvi hy×| ¶gZvi jovB| ivRvwmsnvm‡b e‡m ivRgyKzU civi cÖqvm| c‡i GKB D‡Ï‡k¨ K…lK cÖRv we‡`ªv‡n †bZ…Z¡ w`‡jb| dzj‡PŠwK‡Z ivRavbx K‡i ivRevwo evbv‡jb| nxi-gwY-gy³vi K‡Zv eY©bv Avgiv †`L‡Z ‡cjvg Ôcjvkx hy‡×vËi Avhv`x msMÖv‡gi cv`cxVÕ MÖ‡š’| Zvi cyÎ KvgvjDÏxb wQ‡jb KjKvZvi b¤^i Iqvb weËkvjx e¨emvqx| wZwb iscy‡i Kvkvbv (KuvPwbwg©Z cÖ‡gv`M„n) evbv‡jb| Avevi GB eOgn‡ji †fZi bvPMvb Ges Bs‡iR mv‡ne‡`i wb‡q jvj cvwbi Avm‡i welhy³ g` cv‡b gvivI †M‡jb| nvq`vi Avwj †PŠayix wj‡L‡Qb kie‡Zi m‡½ wel wgwk‡q KvgvjDÏxb‡K nZ¨v K‡i Bs‡iRiv| iOgn‡j evCRx bv‡Pi Abyôv‡b ivRv-gnvivRviv Avi Bs‡iR mv‡eiv Kx KL‡bv kieZ cvb K‡i? MÖv‡gi GKRb Awkw¶Z g~L©I eyS‡e GUv kieZ wQ‡jv, bv g`? GUv †fv‡Mi BwZnvm | Z¨v‡Mi bq| _vK †m K_v| GUv Avgv‡`i Av‡jvP¨ welq bq| G‡Zv eo GKRb weËevb Rwg`vi iscy‡ii ey‡K GKwU cyj, ¯‹zj wKsev wPwKrmvjq ¯’vcb K‡i RbM‡bi †bZv n‡q RbZvi †mev K‡i‡Qb e‡j Avgv‡`i Rvbv †bB|

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*   Ôiscyi †Rjvi BwZnvm-2000wLª.

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*   ÔjvjgwYinvU †Rjvi BwZnvmÕ: Avkivdz¾vgvb gÛj (meyR)-2007|

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H mgq 1943 wLªóv‡ã gnv`ywf©¶ n‡jv| nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl bv †L‡q gviv †Mj| ZLb iscyi wgDwbwmc¨v‡jwUi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb G¨vW‡fv‡KU AZzjK…ò ivq| AZzjK…ò iv‡qi cyÎ webqK…ò ivq Ges Kb¨v †iev ivq ZLb iscyii bvgKiv ms¯‹…wZ Kgx©| web‡qi †jLv Ôg¨vq f~Lv ûÕ bvUKwU UvDb n‡j AwfbxZ n‡jv Avi Ô†mvbvi evsjv k¥kvb n‡jv, GK mv‡_ †Zviv Pj MvbwU g‡Â MvB‡jb D¾¡j Zi“bx †iev ivq| †iev iv‡qi MvIqv †mB Mvb iscyievmx eûw`b fyj‡Z cv‡iwb|

Abyôv‡bi KvW© wKwµi UvKv me©`jxq wiwjd KwgwU‡Z `vb Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| iscyi †Rjv wiwjd KwgwUi mfvcwZ n‡qwQ‡jb Ks‡MÖm mfvcwZ wR‡Z›`ªbv_ PµeZx© Ges mvaviY m¤úv`K Kg‡iW gwYK…ò †mb| ejv evûj¨, wR‡Z›`ªbv_ PµeZx©I eskaiMY eZ©gv‡b ¯’vqx n‡q‡Qb †gv¤^vB kn‡ii †P¤^y‡i|

webq Ges †iev Hmgq MYbvU¨ Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ `yB fvB‡evb †gv¤^vB Mgb K‡ib| cieZx©Kv‡j †iev ivq‡PŠayix Abb¨ mvaviY MYbvU¨ e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e fviZ weL¨vZ nb| ZviIci we¯—vwiZ ‡jLv n‡q‡Q ÔcÂWv‡ji cvwiRvZÕ MÖ‡š’| wk‡ivbvg Ô†mvbvi evsjvi †mvbvi †g‡qÕ|

Gevi Avgiv iscy‡ii iZœ-mš—vb webq m¤ú‡K© wKQy ej‡ev| webq hLb †gv¤^vB‡Z wM‡q AvB-wc-wU Gi mvaviY m¤úv`K n‡jb, ZLb GB MYbvU¨ ms‡Ni mwnZ fviZe‡l©i eû cÖw_Zhkv e¨vw³ RwoZ wQ‡jb| Zvu‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨gg iwek¼i, D`qk¼i, weL¨vZ Awf‡bÎx kvevbv AvRgxi wcZv KvBwd AvRgx, KvwiYv Kvcy‡ii cÖwcZvgn c„w_¡ivR Kvcyi, w`jxcKzgvi, cvÄv‡ei ejivR kvnvbx, evsjvi †ngš— gy‡L¨vcva¨vq, mwjj †PŠayix, mywPÎv wgÎ, mvabv †mb, mywcÖqv, c‡_i cvPvjx L¨vZ KwiYv e¨vbvRx©, †iev ivq‡PŠayix, ¸Riv‡Ui Rqv, MvBevÜvi cvby cvj cÖgyL|

Rqv‡K we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb webq| webq c‡i ¯¿x Rqv‡K wb‡q 1948 wLªóv‡ã Mvwo w`‡jb †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqv| g‡¯‹v †cuŠ‡Q webq beRvMi‡Yi Mvb¸‡jv‡K Qwo‡q w`‡jb mviv we‡k¦| bvbv fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡jv †mBme Mvb| ivwkqvi †Kv‡Y †Kv‡Y web‡qi †m Kx mgv`i| ivwkqvi weL¨vZ KÚwkíx ZLb Zvgvi Lvbyg| web‡qi KvQ †_‡K iscyix ev‡n fvlvi Mvb wkL‡jb wZwb

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Av‡iv wkwL‡qwQ‡jb, m~h© A¯— †nv †Mqv MvbwU| webq ïay Mvb Avi bvUK wb‡qB _v‡Kb wb| m‡½ Pvwj‡q hvb †jLvcov| i“k fvlv †k‡Lb| Ôwe‡eKvb‡›`i mgvR I ivR‰bwZK `„wóÕ bvgK w_wmm wj‡L jvf K‡ib wc.GBP.wW wWwMÖ| c‡i w`wj­‡Z wd‡i cwÛZ RInijvj †b‡ni“ BDwbfvwm©wU‡Z Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| wKš‘ `yfvM©ekZ iscy‡ii cÖwZfvai GB MYbvU¨ e¨w³Z¡ webqK…ò ivq GK moK `yN©Ubvq g‡¯‹v‡Z cÖvY nviv‡jb 3 RyjvB, 1975| ZLb Zvui eqm n‡qwQj 57 eQi|

MvBevÜv bjWv½vi Rwg`vi b›`b Zzjkx jvwnox (1897-1959) wQ‡jb bvU¨RM‡Zi ivRv -waivR| wZwb wQ‡jb GKvav‡i Awf‡bZv, bvU¨Kvi, myiKvi, m½xZ cwiPvjK Ges KjKvZvq Pjw”PÎ cwiPvjK| Ô`ytLxi CgvbÕ (1947) Ges Ô†QuovZviÕ (1950) Zvui iwPZ †kªô bvUK| `yÕwU bvU‡KB wZwb iscy‡ii `ytLx `wi`ª K…lK mgv‡Ri myL-`ytL Ges Avkv AvKv•Lvi wPÎ wbcyYfv‡e A¼b K‡i‡Qb| ‡QovZvi iscyi UvDb n‡j g¯’ n‡j `vi“Y Av‡jvo‡bi †XD †Zv‡j| Ô†QovZviÕ g¯’ n‡qwQ‡jv 1956wLªóv‡ã| GwU iscy‡ii ev‡n fvlvq iwPZ|

iscy‡ii Avi GK weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨K iex›`ªbv_ ˆgÎ| AmvaviY cÖZfvi ‡jLK| Ôgbgqx Mvj©mÕ ¯‹zj Zuvi †kªô iPbv| ïay iscyi UvDb n‡j bq, KjKvZvi ÷vi i½g‡Âi Ôgvbgqx Mvj©m ¯‹zjÕ g¯’ nq| GwU GKwU e¨½agx© K‡gWx bvUK| iex›`ªbv_ ˆgÎ emš— †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡q gvÎ 36 eQi eq‡m gvwnM‡Ä gviv hvb| Zuvi Ôgvbgqx Mvj©m ¯‹zjÕ c‡i Pjw”P‡Î i“c †`Iqv n‡qwQj KjKvZvq| wZwb gviv hvb 1932wLªóv‡ã|

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iscy‡ii bvU¨wf‡bZv wZZz gyÝx †Kej iscy‡iB bq, KjKvZv AvU© w_‡qUv‡i ÔkvnRvnvbÕ bvU‡K mgªvU kvnRvnv‡bi Awfbq K‡i KjKvZvevmx‡`i gy» K‡iwQ‡jb| Ges GUvI cÖgvY K‡iwQ‡jb iscy‡ii bvU¨wkíxiv †kªô| †mKv‡ji †kªô Awf‡bZv‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg fy‡gb ivq, iwe ivq, Zzjkx jvwnox, Drcj †mb, bxwZk gyLvRx©, KvRx gyn¤§` Bwjqvm, cÖ‡eva gyLvRx© QvovI Av‡iv A‡b‡K Av‡Qb|

bvix Pwi‡Î Awfb‡qi Rb¨ Pwj­‡ki `k‡K †Kv‡bv gymwjg †g‡q‡K cvIqv hvq wb| ZLb cyi“livB bvix †m‡R bvixi Awfbq Ki‡Zv| Kx w_‡qUvi, Kx hvÎvMvb| wn›`y †g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ huviv iscyi UvDb n‡j bvUK Ki‡Z GwM‡q G‡jb, Zviv n‡jb Kvwj›`x `vk¸ßv, gxiv ivq, gvbmx Ges wPÎv `vm ¸ßv| c`©v mwi‡q AvaywbKZvi †Quvqv †j‡M cÂv‡ki `k‡K 4wU gymwjg †g‡q bvU‡K Awfbq Ki‡Z G‡jv| Giv n‡jb AvjgbM‡ii K¨v‡Þb Wv. BCgDÏxb Avng‡`i `yB Kb¨v Wwj I WwR (KvRx gyn¤§` Bwjqv‡mi fvMbx) av‡ci Wv.Gg.G nvwg‡`i Kb¨v BivYx Ges †mbcvovi G¨vW‡fv‡KU gKeyj †nv‡m‡bi Kb¨v †eex| BivYxi cyiv bvg ˆmq`v kvg‡mAviv †nv‡mb| wZwb eZ©gv‡b XvKvi wm‡×k¦ix Mvj©m ¯‹z‡ji wcÖwÝcvj|

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iscy‡ii AvÂwjK fvlvh iwPZ Ôb~i“j`x‡bi mvivRxebÕ XvKv I KvjKvZvi i½g‡Â `k©K-‡kªvZv‡`i gy» K‡i Gcvi Icvi `yB evsjvq Av‡jvob m„wó Ki‡jv| Gi iPwqZv iscyi KzwoMÖv‡gi nx‡ii UzKiv mš—vb me¨mvPx †jLK bv‡g L¨vZ ˆmq`kvgmyi nK| Avi Abe`¨ Awfbq K‡i whwb †kªô bvU¨wf‡bZvi ¯^v¶i AveviI ivL‡jb, †mB k¥kÖ“gwÛZ Avmv`y¾vgvb b~i I iscy‡ii Av‡jvwKZ mš—vb| bxjdvgvixi †MŠie| b~‡ii K‡Ú GB bvU‡Ki †kªô Wvqv‡jvM Ô‡Kvb‡U ev‡n Rv‡Mv mevqÕ AvR mevi gy‡L gy‡L|

1966 wLªóv‡ã wkLv msm` bv‡g GKwU bvU¨ msMVb iscy‡ii bvU¨v½‡K cÖùzwUZ †Mvjv‡ci myiwf‡Z †gvwnZ Ki‡jv| ZLb AvBDe Lv‡bi ivRZ¡Kvj| Avi c~e©cvwK¯—v‡bi MfY©i wK‡kvi-M‡Äi Avãyj †gvbv‡qg Lvb| †gvbv‡qg Lvb wQ‡jb GKRb †Mvov gymwjg| 1965†Z fviZ cvwK¯—vb hy‡×i ci wZwb G‡Zv wn›`y we‡Ølx n‡q DV‡jb †h, iex›`ªbv_‡K eR©b Kivi K_v †NvlYv Ki‡jb| †iwWI, wUwf †_‡K iex›`ªm½xZ cÖPvi eÜ Ki‡jb| Avi Kwe mvwnwZ¨K‡`i †W‡K gy‡L©i g‡Zv ej‡jb, ÔAvcbviv iex›`ªm½xZ iPbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|Õ K_vUv wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjvi Aa¨vcK W.Avãyj nvB‡K| nvB mv‡ne ZLb webxZfv‡e DËi w`‡qwQ‡jb, Ô†mUv‡Zv nvBm½xZ n‡e, iex›`ªm½xZ n‡e bvÕ| G wb‡q cwÎKvq †jLv‡jwL n‡jv| nvmvnvwmI n‡jv cÖPzi| GUv wQ‡jv lv‡Ui `k‡Ki µvwš—| cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki µvwš— Av‡iv fqven| fviZ fv‡Mi ci ï× evsjv A¶iI †jLvi Dcvq wQj bv| ZLbKvi cÎ cwÎKvi bvg¸‡jv ZvB D`y© †Nlv-ÔAvRv`Õ, ÔB‡ËdvKÕ, Ôgv‡nbIÕ, ÔRgûwiqvZÕ BZ¨vw`| H mgq cwÎKvi bvg msev` ivLvi Rb¨ KZ…©c¶‡K mg‡jvPbvi mb¥yLx n‡Z n‡qwQj| Avi msev` cwÎKvi mvwnZ¨ cvZvi m¤úv`K Avãyj MwY nvRvix ivR †iv‡li f‡q Avãyj Mvddvi †PŠayixi Ôi“cvjx ˆmKZÕ KweZvwU msev` G Qvcv‡Z cv‡ibwb| KviY H KweZvq Mvddvi †PŠayix  Ck¦i kãwU e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb| †mB mgq evsjv ms¯‹…wZ we‡ivax wKQy †jLK evsjv Avi D`y© wgwk‡q KweZv †jLv ïi“ Ki‡jb Gfv‡e-

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wKš‘ evsjv fvlvi, evOvwj gb‡bi wPimeyR Kwe iex›`ªbv_‡K hLb eR©‡bi †Póv Kiv n‡jv, ZLb evsjvi cÖMwZkxj gvbyl Gi cÖwZev‡` gyLi n‡q DV‡jv| ZLbB XvKv igbv Mv‡W©‡bi eUg~‡j iex›`ªbv‡_i ÔG‡mv †n ˆemvL G‡mvÕ MvbwU w`‡q ÔQvqvbUÕ cÖ_g 1jv ˆekv‡L beel© Drme cvjb Ki‡‡jv| Gi DËvj †XD iscy‡ii gvwU‡K ¯úk© Ki‡jv| iscy‡ii `yB Zi“Y mvsevw`K gyKzj †gv¯—vwdR Ges †gvbvRvZDÏx‡bi D‡`¨v‡M wKQy cÖvYeš— cÖMwZkxj Zi“Y beel© Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡jv iscy‡i| cvewjK jvB‡eªixi gvV †jv‡K †jvKviY¨ n‡jv| mvR mvR ie c‡o †M‡jv bvU¨ A½‡bI| iex›`ªbv‡_i i³Kiex bvUK g¯’ Ki‡jv wkLv msm`| D¾¡j Zi“Y mvgmy‡¾vnv, Avn‡g` b~i wUcy, gvaeP›`ª miKvi, wKiY miKvi, nvivab `Ë cÖg~‡Li Mov wkLv msm` c‡i gvme¨vcx Avš—t†Rjv bvU¨ Drm‡ei Av‡qvRb Ki‡jv| iscy‡ii cÖL¨vZ bvU¨e¨w³Z¡ Avï‡Zvl `ËI Gi m‡½ RwoZ wQ‡jb| Guiv c‡i Ô†QovZvi bneZÕ, Ôwb‡cb `v‡ivMvi `vqfviÕ, Ô†_UvieveÕy cÖf„wZ eû bvUK g¯’ K‡ib| c‡i `k©bxi gva¨‡g GivB cÖ_g bvU¨vbyôvb K‡i iscyi UvDb n‡j| Ôwb‡cb `v‡ivMvi `vqfviÕ bvUK cyi¯‹…Z nq Ges L¨vwZ jvf K‡i| Ô†QovZviÕ evsjv‡`k wUwf‡Z cÖPvi K‡i e¨vcK mybvg Qovq| Avevi GB wkLv msm`B evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ci evsjv‡`‡ki c¶ †_‡K  cÖ_g bvU¨`j wb‡q †`‡ki evB‡i cwðge‡½ hvq eªZx bvU¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Ask wb‡Z| wkLv msm‡`i Av‡jvi cÖfv Av‡Rv `xc¨gvb iscy‡ii gvby‡li g‡b I iscy‡ii bvU¨ Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m|

1968wLª÷v‡ã ÔkZvãxi AvnevbÕ bv‡g GKwU m½xZ wk¶v †K›`ª AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡jv| iscy‡ii mvs¯‹…wZK A½b‡K cwicyó Kivi †cQ‡b Gi cÖPzi Ae`vb| Gi m`m¨ m`m¨v msL¨v wQ‡jv Qq kZvwaK| GB cÖMwZkxj cÖwZôvbwUi KY©avi wQ‡jb wec­ex iwY ingvb| ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i mgq Kzwóqvq iwY ingvb knx` n‡j msMVbwU wcZ…nviv nq| †`k ¯^vax‡bi c‡i kZvãxi Avnevb bvU¨ msMV‡b i“cvš—wiZ n‡jv| Giv ÔKei †_‡K ejwQÕ ÔK¨v‡Þb ûiivÕ cÖf„wZ K‡qKwU bvUK g¯’ K‡i| c‡i msMVbwU Zvi Pjvi MwZ nvwi‡q †d‡j|

AvR mvs¯‹…wZK Ges bvU¨ msMVb iscy‡i eû| Zvig‡a¨ Ab¨Zg cÖwm× wkLv msm`, weKb bvU¨‡K›`ª, kvcjv bvU¨‡Mvwô, bvU¨Pµ, †PZbv, bvU¨‡Mvwô, iscyi w_‡qUvi, fvB‡evb wkíx‡Mvwô, iscyi c`vwZK Ges mw¤§wjZ mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb kãKÚ, ebdzj, KvigvB‡Kj w_‡qUvi, kvwãK, ¯ú›`b, Ges weZK© cwil`|

g~jZ iscy‡ii DwKj, †gv³vi, Wv³vi, e¨emvqx, Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K, mvsevw`K Ges mvaviY gvbyl mevB bvU¨byivMx Ges ms¯‹…Zgbv| Avi bvUK wjL‡Z D¯—v`| MvRx DwKj bvU‡K Abe`¨ Awfbq K‡ib, Wv.Ryb wQ‡jb bvgKiv bvU¨vwf‡bZv, Avevi KvRx gyn¤§` Bwjqvm wQ‡jb †gv³vi | iscyi w_‡qUv‡ii mfv‡bÎx G¨vW‡fv‡KU †nvm‡b Aviv jyrdv Wvwjqv| 1981wLªóv‡ã iscyi w_‡qUv‡ii 15wU bvUK 188 evi gÂvqb K‡i| 11wU c_ bvU‡Ki cÖ`k©bx K‡i 165evi| evsjv‡`k wUwf‡ZI cÖPvwiZ nq G‡`i bvUK ÔwMVVÕy| Z‡e iscyi w_‡qUv‡ii eo †MŠie 2007Gi Rvbyqvix‡Z Giv Avš—Rv©wZK w_‡qUvi Drm‡e AskMÖnb Ki‡Z fvi‡Z hvq| Dwol¨vi cÖvPxb ivRavbx Kb©vUK G Giv cÖ`k©b K‡i ÔIivI µxZ`vmÕ bvUKwU|

iscy‡ii mvs¯‹…wZK A½b mviv eQiB miMig _v‡K| eQ‡ii 365w`‡b †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv Abyôvb nq| KL‡bv bvU¨vbyôvb, KL‡bv m½xZvbyôvb, KL‡bv bZzb MÖ‡š’i †gvoK D‡b¥vP‡bi Abyôvb Avevi KL‡bv b„Z¨vbyôvb| b„‡Z¨ eûevi iscyii †g‡qiv RvZxq ch©v‡q †kªôZ¡ cÖgvY K‡i‡Q| 1959 wLª÷v‡ã ivRkvnx wefvMxq wkïb„Z¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq iscy‡ii b„Z¨ivYx AviRy †di‡`Šwm weDwU cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi  K‡i ¯^Y©c`K jvf K‡ib| fv¯‹h© wkíx wn‡m‡e iscy‡ii gvbyl †cQ‡b c‡o †bB| †ejx miKvi 1993 wLª÷v‡ã Px‡bi †eBwRs G fv¯‹h© wk‡í gvóvi wWMÖx cix¶vq cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i ¯^Y©c`K jvf K‡ib| Zvui gv wewkó mgvR‡mex G †jwLKv nvwg`v miKvi ÔAv‡jvi c‡_Õ bvUK wj‡LwQ‡jb| Zv gÂvqb n‡qwQj 1964 wLª÷v‡ã|

fviZe‡l©i MYbvU¨ Av‡›`vj‡bi GK Awe¯§iYxq e¨w³Z¡ iscy‡ii cvby cvj| 1919 wLª÷v‡ã  Zvi Rb¥ MvBevÜvq| 1940 G wZwb KvigvB‡Kj K‡jR †_‡K weÁv‡b স্নাতক nb| e¨v‡j b„‡Z¨ cvi`kx© cvby cvj 1944 G Bengal Spuad Gi m`m¨ n‡q †gv¤^vB hvb| ‡hvM †`b MYbvU¨ msMVb AvB wc.wU.G.†Z| †kv K‡ib c„w_¡ivR Kvcyi Ges Zvui `yB cyÎ ivRKvcyi Ges my`k©b kkx Kvcy‡ii m‡½| Gici j‡¶èŠ‡Z wKQy mgq †_‡K wVKvbv e`wj‡q G‡jb wm‡j‡U 1946-47-G| MVb Ki‡jb Ômyigv f¨vwj KvjPvivj †¯‹vqvWÕ| 1952 wLª÷v‡ã KjKvZvq Ô†fv‡Ui †fUÕ c_bvUK g¯’ K‡i Av‡jvo‡bi Zi½ Zzj‡jb| ZLbB wZwb cwiwPZ n‡jb Ôc_bvU‡Ki RbK wnmv‡e| Ô‡fv‡Ui †fUÕ ZvuiB †jLv bvUK| wZwb eû bvUK iPbv K‡i L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib| Zvi g‡a¨ K‡qKwU n‡jv ÔfvZÕ, Ôhw` Avgiv gš¿x nBÕ, ÔM½v hvÎvÕ, `~in‡UvÕ, Ôwn›`x wPb fvB fvB e¨_©RxebÕ,Ôwbwki WvKÕ,ÔIiv Avi Avm‡e bv,Õ †mŠ‡ib gvóv‡ii msmvi Ges 1943 wLª÷v‡ã cÂv‡ki gš^š—iÕ Gi mgq wj‡LwQ‡jb Ô¶zav I g„Z¨Õ|

1953 wLªóv‡ã cvbycvj KjKvZvq G‡m ¯’vqx n‡jb †ejNwiqvq| †mLv‡bB 1995 wLª÷v‡ã wZwb †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM Ki‡jb| GB AmvaviY iscyi-i‡Zœi i‡³i aviv GLb eB‡Q Zvui b„Z¨cwUqmx bvZbx gaywgZv cv‡ji wkivq Dcwkivq| `v`yi Kv‡Q b„‡Z¨ Zvwjg wb‡q gaywgZv gvÎ 3 eQi eq‡m KjKvZvi †MvLx©m`‡b cÖ_g g‡Â b„Z¨ cÖ`k©b K‡ib| Avi AvR gaywgZv fviZe‡l©i GKRb †kªó b„Z¨wkíx| †QŠ-b„‡Z¨ Zvui Rywo wØZxq †KD †bB mviv fvi‡Z| iex›`ªfviZx wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K fiZbvUª‡g cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z gvóvim© gaywgZv Gig‡a¨ wbDBqK© Ges BD‡iv‡ci K‡qKwU †`‡k b„Z¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i e¨vcK L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib| Guiv wbtm‡›`‡n iscy‡ii †MŠie, iscy‡ii AnsKvi, iscy‡ii fvjevmvi ab|

mvs¯‹…wZK RM‡Zi GKwU eo A½ †jvKm½xZ| Avi †jvKm½x‡Zi eo A½ cj­xMxwZ, fvwUqvwj Ges fvIqvBqv iscy‡ii wbR¯^ m¤ú`| fvwUqvjx hw` b`xi Mvb ejv nq, Zvn‡j fvIqvBqv‡K ej‡Z n‡e cÖvš—‡ii Mvb| Gi Rb¥ wZ¯—v, †Zvl©v, KvjRvwb, aijvi Zx‡i we¯—xY© cÖvš—‡i| †Zvl©v Ges KvjRvwb b`x †KvPwenv‡i| MÖv‡g c‡o _vKv fvIqvBqv‡K Ae‡njv †_‡K Zz‡j G‡b whwb kn‡i e›`‡i gnvbM‡i Ges mviv we‡k¦ wkw¶Z mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q Qwo‡q w`‡jb Zvi evwo KvjRvwb b`xi Zx‡i ejivgcyi MÖv‡g| Avi †mB Abb¨ KÚwkíxi bvg AveŸvm DÏxb Avng` (1901-1959)| Zvu‡K ejv nq †jvKMxwZ mgªvU| Zvui c_ a‡i m½xZ mvabv K‡i KzwoMÖv‡gi KwQgyÏxb(1934-1992) †LZve †c‡jb fvIqvBqv Mv‡bi hyeivR| Rbbw›`Z n‡jb bxjdvgvixi wZb fvIqvBqv wkíx g‡nkP›`ª ivq,(1918-1992), nijvj ivq (1913-1994)KvRx gKeyj ‡nv‡mb, Ges nijvj iv‡qi cyÎ i_x›`ªbv_ ivq| KzwoMÖv‡gi KvRx gKeyj †nv‡mb (1919-1978)GKRb AmvaviY cÖwZfvai fvIqvBqv wkíx wQ‡jb| 1934 wLª÷v‡ã wZwb Aj BwÛqv †iwWI KjKvZv †K‡›`ª GKRb †jvKm½xZ wkíx wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1936 wLª÷v‡ã Zvui †iKW© †ei nq| Zvui eo K…wZZ¡ n‡jv wZwb †ekwKQy AmvaviY my›`i fvIqvBqv iPbv K‡i †M‡Qb| AveŸvmDÏxb Avng‡`i c‡i ZvB KvRx gKeyj †nv‡m‡bi bvg D”PvwiZ nq fvIqvBqv Mv‡bi RM‡Z|

fvIqvBqv Mvb‡K RbwcÖq K‡i †Zvjvi †cQ‡b AveŸvmDÏxb Avng‡`i cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i h‡_ó Ae`vb Av‡Q| Zvui KwbôcyÎ †gv¯—dv Rvgvb AveŸvmx (Zzjy), GKgvÎ Kb¨v †di‡`Šmx ingvb (wgb©v), bvZwb W.bvwk` Kvgvj Ges åvZz¯úyÎx i“Kmvbv Kwig mevB cÖw_Zhkv fvIqvBqv wkíx| GB wkíx cwiev‡ii evB‡i hviv fvIqvBqv‡K RbwcÖq K‡i‡Qb, Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ cÖvq meviB evwo e„nËi iscyi †Rjvq| Zvu‡`i g‡a¨ bvgKiv K‡qKRb n‡jb kixdvivYx, †eMgmyivBqv, Avkivdz¾vgvb (mvRyfvB) ,wmivRDÏxb, gKmy`yjnK, bgi“Ïxb, †ieZxeg©b,wek¦bv_ cÖgyL| fvIqvBqv Mv‡bi cÖPvi I cÖmv‡i Gu‡`i h‡_ó Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| AvR mviv evsjv‡`‡k fvIqvBqv Mv‡bi RqRqKvi| mevB cQ›` K‡i GB †jvKm½xZ| Avi cQ›` bv K‡i †h Dcvq †bB| †mŠw` Avi‡e †`LwQ, G †`‡ki ‡jvK AvaywbK Mv‡bi †P‡q †jvKm½xZ †ewk ï‡b, †ekx cQ›` K‡i| ivRcÖvm‡`i ivRKzgvi-ivRKzgvixI †e`yCb m½xZ fvjev‡m| weL¨vZ Rvg©vb Kwi †M¨‡U wVKB e‡j‡Qb ÔFolk tale is the father of all fictions and folk song is the mother of all poetry A_©vrÔ‡jvKKvwnbx me mvwn‡Z¨I RbK, Avi †jvKm½xZ me m½x‡Zi RbbxÕ|

fvIqvBqvi ivRvwaivR AveŸvmDÏxb Avng‡`i ¯§„wZi D‡Ï‡k¨ iscy‡i AvR AveŸvm ‡gjv n‡”Q, n‡”Q bxjdvgvixi wewkó ivR‰bwZK e¨w³Z¡ I mgvR‡meK †gvL‡jQyi ingvb wmay wgqvi bv‡g wmay †gjv| wmay‡givi Av‡qvRb K‡i Zvi mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib mvb‡›`| GB msMV‡bi mwnZ RwoZ XvKvi wewkó mvs¯‹…wZK e¨w³Z¡ Ges iscy‡ii `ywnZv KvRx gw`bv Ges Av‡iv A‡b‡K| AveŸvm †gjv Ges wmay‡gjv AvR iscyii mvs¯‹…wZK A½‡bi eo Aj¼vi Ges iscyievmx‡`i mvs¯‹…wZK †PZbvi D¾¡j Av‡jv| G QvovI iscy‡ii mvs¯‹…wZK A½b‡K Av‡iv †Kvjvnj gyLi Ki‡jv cvqive‡›` †iv‡Kqv †gjv|

ms¯‹…wZi m‡½ mvwn‡Z¨i m¤úK© A½v½xfv‡e RwoZ| Guiv P‡j nvZ aivawi K‡i| †h‡bv `yB fvB †evb | ZvB ej‡ZB nq mvwnZ¨K hw` Kjg bv a‡ib, Zvn‡j bvUK n‡e Kxfv‡e? Kwe hw` KweZv bv wj‡Lb, Ave„wË n‡e Kxfv‡e? Avi MxwZKvihw` Mvb iPbv bv K‡ib Zvn‡j wkíx Mvb cv‡eb †Kv_vq?

iscy‡ii mvwnZ¨ A½b `ye©j bq| eis mej Ges HZn¨evnx| mviv evsjvi g‡a¨ cÖ_g cvewjK jvB‡eªix ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQ‡jv iscy‡i 1854 wLªóv‡ã| Avevi KjKvZv †Kw›`ªK Ôe½xq mvwnZ¨ cwilrÕ Gi cÖ_g kvLv e„nËi evsjvq cÖ_g †Lvjv n‡qwQ‡jv 1905wLª÷v‡ã GB iscy‡i| iscy‡ii mvs¯‹…wZK A½‡bi m‡½ mvwn‡Z¨i A½b‡KI cwicyó Ki‡Zb ZLb iscy‡ii Rwg`vi-b›`biv| kZel© c‡i AvR iscyi Avevi mvwnZ¨ mvs¯‹…wZ‡Z ficyi|

Zvu‡`i Av‡M ga¨hy‡M eû eo eo Kwe-mvwnwZ¨‡Ki Rb¥ n‡qwQj iscy‡i| Zvu‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg cÖwm× n‡jb ÔPwÛKv weRqÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv Kwe ivavK…ò ˆeòe,ÔR½j bvgvÕ iPwqZv mvaK Kwe †nqvr gvgy`, Ôgaygvjv gbyniÕ iPwqZv Kwe kv‡Ki gvgy‡`i bvg D‡j­L‡hvM¨|

cieZx©Kv‡j A_©vr AvaywbK hy‡M e„nËi iscy‡ii cÖw_Zhkv Kwe-mvwnwZ¨KMY n‡jb gnvg‡nvcva¨vq hv`‡ek¦i ZK©iZœ (1849-1924), MvBevÜvi †e‡bvqvixjvj †Mv¯^vgx(1856-1948), jvjgwYinv‡Ui Kwe †kL dRjyj Kigx (1883-1936), gvwnM‡Äi iex›`ªbv_ ˆgÎ (1896-1932), gvwnM‡Äi Kwe †kLicÖKvkP›`ª †PŠayix (1907-1990), kvgmyj nK (1925), Ges mvgxDj nK| Kwe byi“j Bmjvg Kve¨we‡bv` (1918), MvBevÜvi cÖL¨vZ †`ŠjZz‡bœmv LvZzb (1922-1997,) bvU¨Kvi Avï‡Zvl `Ë (1924) cÖ‡dmi †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb mywd (1932), Aa¨vcK b~i“j Bmjvg (1933-2007), KzwoMÖv‡gi ˆmq` kvgmyj nK (1935) e`iM‡Äi Aa¨vcK Avjxg DÏxb (1944), mymvwnwZ¨K kvgmybœvnvi Rvgvb (1939), KweZvKb¨v †iv‡gbv †PŠayix (1940), b~invmbv jwZd (1949-), QovKvi g‡bvqviv †eMg(1950), ÔAÄwjKvÕ m¤úv`K Kwe w`ji“ev mvnv`vr (1957), Ges bexY Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg Aa¨vwcKv bvwmgv AvKZvi (1969),| GQvovI Av‡Qb K‡qKRb BwZnvm M‡elK Wv.gwZDi ingvb emwbqv, †gv¯—dv †Zvdv‡qj †nv‡mb (KzwoMÖvg), nvq`vi Avjx †PŠayix, jyrdi ingvb, LvRv Gg.G.KvB&qyg, †Mvcvj miKvi (†Mvwe›`MÄ), G.†K.Gg bvwmi DÏxb (bxddvgvix), Avkivdz¾vgvb gÛj(jvjgwYinvU), Aveyj Kv‡kg miKvi (e`iMÄ), Ges gyn¤§` Aveyj Kv‡kg|

‡eMg †iv‡KqvI mymvwnwZ¨K wQ‡jb| eû MÖš’ wj‡L mybvg AR©b K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e Zvi eo mb¥vb wZwb wQ‡jb bvix RvMi‡bi AMÖ`yZ| 1932 wLªóv‡ã wZwb gviv †M‡jb| †iv‡Kqvi eo †evb Kwigy‡bœmv wQ‡jb ¯^fveKwe Ges iscy‡ii cÖ_g gwnjv mvwnwZ¨K| ci eQi 1933 wLª÷v‡ã gywÝcvov iscy‡i Avwef~©Z n‡jb bvixRvMi‡Yi Av‡iK AMÖ`~Z n‡q †LivR Avjx| bvix‡`i g‡a¨ Áv‡bi Av‡jv weKv‡ki Rb¨ wZwb ¯’vwcZ Ki‡jbÔLvZzwbqv mvKz©‡jwUs jvB‡eªix| LvZzb ZzKx© kã| Gi A_© bvix| ZvB bvix‡`i Rb¨ Zvui jvB‡eªixUv wQ‡jv åvg¨gvb| eB Nv‡o K‡i wb‡q wZwb N‡i N‡i †cŠQv‡Zb| gyÝxcvovi G¨vW‡fv‡KU gyn¤§` Avwji ¯¿x mwn`y‡bœmv H hy‡M GKRb ms¯‹…Z-gbv cÖMwZkxj bvix wQ‡jb| Zvi N‡i eû MÖš’ wQ‡jv| †mBme MÖš’ wZwb LvZzwbqv mvKz©‡jwUs jvB‡eªix‡Z `vb K‡i jvB‡eªixi †g¤^vi n‡qwQ‡jb| e„nËi iscyi‡Rjvi cÖ_g gymwjg gwnjv MÖvRy‡qU (1942) gvndzRv KvZzb wQ‡jb GB mwn`y‡bœmvi Kb¨v| gyn¤§` Avwji MÖv‡gi evwo bxjdvgvix †Wvgvi Dc‡Rjvaxb LvUzwiqv MÖv‡g| cÖm½Z D‡j­L¨ †h, knx` Rbbx bv‡g L¨vZ Rvnvbviv Bgvg n‡jb GB mwn`y‡bœmvi cyÎeay|

iscyi kn‡i G-Kv‡j mvwnZ¨ PP©vi 5wU cÖavb msMVb AwfhvwÎK mvwnZ¨ ms¯‹…wZ msm`, iscyi mvwnZ¨ ms¯‹…wZ cwil`, Qv›`wmK mvwnZ¨ mvs¯‹…wZK †Mvôx, AÄwjKv mvwnZ¨ cwievi Ges †jLK msm`,iscyi| AÄwjKvi mvwnZ¨c‡Îi bvg ÔAÄwjKvÕGes †jLK msm‡`i mvwnZ¨c‡Îi bvg ÔHwZn¨ÕcÖKvk nq GwcÖj,2008-G| iscyi mvwnZ¨ ms¯‹…wZ cwil‡`i GKUv m„Rbkxj KvR n‡jv 1 A‡±ve‡i eB Dcnvi w`em D`hvcb| 1 A‡±vei 2005 G Gi hvÎv Avi¤¢,ÔcÂWv‡ji cvwiRvZÕMÖ‡š’i cÖKvkbv Drm‡ei Abyôv‡b|

iscyi kni QvovI e„nËi iscyi mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ PP©vi AmsL¨ msMVb Av‡Q| †m¸‡jvi weeiY w`‡Z †M‡j GKU MÖš’ n‡q hv‡e| D`vniY ¯^i“c ewj GKUv †QvUª gdt¯^j UvDb e`iM‡Ä i‡q‡Q †ek K‡qKwU msMVb-D`xqgvb msN I cvVvMvi, ÔAwbe©vb msN I cvVvMvi, Ôknx` †gbnvR msNI cvVvMviÕ Ges ÔAvÄygvb msN I cvVvMviÕ, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ D‡j­L‡hvM¨| Aa¨vcK AvLZvi“¾vgvb †PŠayix jvejy D`xqgvb ms‡Ni cÖvYcyi“l| Zvu‡`i jvB‡eªix‡Z nvRvi nvRvi eB| Avi PP©vi Rb¨ e`iM‡Ä i‡q‡QÔRjyevi mvwnZ¨ mfvÕ| hgy‡bk¦ix b`xi Zx‡i Rjyevi GKwU AwZ cyi‡bv e›`I wQ‡jv| nvRvi eQ‡ii cÖvPxb| Kw_Z Av‡Q, GB e›`‡i GK Kv‡j Pvu` mI`vM‡ii evwYR¨-Zix wfo‡Zv| †mLv‡b cÖvPxb gw›`‡ii aŸsmve‡kl Av‡Rv †`Lv hvq| Rjyevi mvwnZ¨ KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ mvwnZ¨ c‡Îi bvg Ômvu‡KvÕ|

e`iM‡Äi A‡b‡KB Kjg nv‡Z wb‡jB wj‡L †dj‡Z cv‡ib bvUK| Gu‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg mvBdzj Bmjvg gÛj|Ôwbe©vPbÕ, ÔRv‡Mv ev‡nÕ Ges ÔAvqbv evevÕ (K‡gwW) Zvui bvgKiv bvUK| eMiM‡Äi Av‡iK bvU¨ e¨w³Z¡ bvbœy †PŠayix| wZwb GKvav‡i bvU¨Kvi, bvU¨wf‡bZv I m½xZwkíx| XvKv wUwf‡Z c¨v‡KU bvUK wbg©vZvI e‡U| Zvui iwPZ GKwU bvU‡Ki bvg Ômy›`ix kni evbyÕ| e`iMÄ mn eû ¯’v‡b my›`ix kni evby g¯’ n‡q‡Q| w`jvjcyi, e`iM‡Äi wewkó †jLK nvwg`yj Bmjvg iwPZ bvUKwUi bvg Ô¯^‡M©i DcmM©Õ|

e`iM‡Äi mvs¯‹…wZK A½b‡K PvOv Kivi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q `yBwU wk¶v cÖwZôvb| Mv‡bi ¯‹zj Ô‡hvRbv mvs¯‹…wZK m¤cÖ`vqÕ Ges bv‡Pi ¯‹zj Ôw`e¨ jwjZKjv GKv‡Wgx| D¾¡j Zi“Y wjgb b„Z¨Kjv cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖvYcyi“l|

Abyôv‡bi we‡kl AvKl©Y wQ‡jv `yÕ‡Uv| †QvU †QvU †g‡q‡`i Ac~e© my›`i b„Z¨ Ges Ôgqbvi we`vqÕ bvUK| e`iM‡Äi K‡jR QvÎ Avkivdz¾vgvb evey iPZ Ôgqbvi we`vqÕ MíwUi bvU¨i“c †`q mvBdzj Bmjvg gÛj| e`iM‡Äi wkíxivB bvUKwU g¯’ K‡i| Zvu‡`i mevi Awfbq GK K_vq Ac~e©| Avi wZb eQ‡ii GKwU †QvUª †g‡qi wbZ¨ `k©K-‡kªvZv‡`i wegy» K‡i|

iscy‡ii gvbyl c„w_exi †h cÖv‡š—B hvq, m‡½ mvs¯‹…wZK gbwUI wb‡q hvq| ZvB we‡`‡k wM‡q&IZvuiv Pzc K‡i e‡m _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| mvwnZ¨ PP©v K‡i| K‡i Mvb-evRbv I bvUK| †Zgwb GLb (2008-G) wekvjGK mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡bi †Zvo‡Rvo P‡Q KvbvWvi U‡i‡›Uv‡Z| cÖvq wZb kZvwaK iscy‡ii †Q‡j †g‡q GKwÎZ nIqvi GK wekvj Av‡qvRb| Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ Av‡Qb ¸ßcvovi †Q‡j wcqvg mvwKj| Zvu‡`i GB iscyi Ks‡MÖm Gi e¨vbv‡i _vK‡Q Ôb~i“j`x‡bi mvivRxebÕ bvU‡Ki †mB wec­ex Av‡›`vj‡bi Agi †k­vMvb ÔRv‡Mv ev‡n, ‡Kvb‡V mevq|Õ

          Z_¨m~Î

·        Ôiscyi †RjviBwZnvmÕ-‡Rjv cÖkvmb,iscyi-2000|

·        Ôi½cy‡ii e‡iY¨ e¨vw³Z¡Õ-i½cyi M‡elYv cwil`-2007|

·        Ôiscyi msewZ©KvÕ-gyn¤§` Avjxg DÏxb|

·        Ôiscyi mw¤§jbx KjKvZvÕ-¯§viKcÎ|

·        KvbvWv †_‡K wcqvg mvwK‡ji B-‡gBj|

·        wewfbœ cÎ cwÎKv|

iscy‡ii cÎ-cwÎKv I e‡iY¨ mvsevw`Kv

Avgiv Rvwb ïay iscyi bq, eis mviv c~e©e‡½i cÖ_g cwÎKvwUi bvg Ôi½cyi evË©venÕ| cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQ‡jv 1847wLªóv‡ã †Mvcvjcyi †_‡K|

iscyi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ wØZxq cwÎKvwUi bvg Ôi½cyi w`KcÖKvkÕ| Gi hvÎv Avi¤¢ n‡qwQ‡jv 1860 wLª÷v‡ã KvwKbvq| w`KcÖKvk Kvh©vjq †Z‡K ÔiPbvejxÕ bv‡g GKwU gvwmK mvwnZ¨ cwÎKvI cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQ‡jv|

1905 wLª÷v‡ã Ôe½xq mvwnZ¨ cwilrÕ Gi gvLv, iscy‡i ¯’vwcZ n‡j c‡ii eQi Ôi½cyi mvwnZ¨ cwilr cwÎKv †ei nIqv ïi“ nq| ˆÎgvwmK cwÎKv| m¤úv`K wQ‡jb cÂvbb miKvi|

ivqmv‡ne †ngP›`ª gRyg`v‡ii m¤úv`bvq 1907-G Ôi½cyi `c©YÕ cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQ‡jv| 1955 wLª÷v‡ã cwÎKvwU eÜ n‡q hvq|

1908 wLª÷v‡ã Kwe †kL dRjyj Kix‡gi m¤úv`bvq KvwKbv †_‡K mv¤cÖ`vwqK m¤cÖxwZi Ici wfwË K‡i GKwU gbbkxj cwÎKv †ei nq ÔevmbvÕ bvg wb‡q| 1910ch©š— evmbv RxweZ wQ‡jv|

1912-‡Z iscy‡i cÖKvk nq Ô¶wÎqÕ bv‡g GKwU gvwmK cwÎKv| GUv wQ‡jv ivReskx ¶wÎq‡`i gyLcÎ|

ivg‡gvnb K¬v‡ei c¶ †_‡K ÔwgjbÕ bv‡g GKwU DbœZ gv‡bi cwÎKv iscyi †_‡K †ei n‡Zv GK mgq| KjKvZvi A‡bK eo eo †jL‡Ki †jLv wgj‡b Qvcv n‡Zv| cvwK¯—vb Avg‡ji ïi“‡Z b¨vkbvj Mv‡W©i gyLcÎ wQ‡jv Ô‡KvievbÕ| m¤úv`bv Ki‡Zb Kwe b~i“j Bmjvg Kve¨we‡bv`| H mgq Kve¨we‡bv‡`i m¤úv`bvq ÔbRi“wjKvÕbv‡gI GKwU mvwnZ¨cÎ cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv|

Ôdwiqv`Õ bv‡g GKwU cwÎKv iscyi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv| Gi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb AvjZvd †nv‡mb|

1960 wLª÷v‡ã Avey mv‡`K cÖKvk K‡ib ÔDËi evsjvÕ| mvßvwnK cwÎKv| 1967-‡Z Avey mv‡`iK Lyjbv wM‡q mvsevw`KZv K‡ib| wZwb Lyjbv †cÖmK¬v‡ei mfvcwZI n‡qwQ‡jb| Avg„Zz¨ wZwb Lyjbvq wQ‡jb| wZwb nvivMv‡Qi GK m¤£vš— cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib|

k¨vgcy‡ii BmnvK †PŠayix ÔevZv©Õ bv‡g GKwU mvßvwnK cwÎKv cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb| BmnvK †PŠayix KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri bvgKiv Qv·bZv wQ‡jb| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i mgq wZwb knx` nb|

KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri evsjvi Aa¨vcK gyn¤§` Avey Zvwj‡ei m¤úv`bvq ÔivneviÕ bv‡g GKwU gvwmK cwÎKv †ei nq1961 wLª÷v‡ã| H eQi iscyi †Rjv †ev‡W©i c„ô‡cvlKZvq †ei nq ÔDbœqbÕ| Dbœbqb m¤úv`bv K‡ib Kvqmyj nK| iscy‡i Av‡jvo‡bi m„wó K‡iwQ‡j| 1964 wLª÷v‡ã Ôeywbqv`Õ bv‡g gwZDi ingvb embxqvi m¤úv`bvq GKwU cwÎKv cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| gvÎ wZbwU msL¨v cÖKvk nIqvi ci Zv eÜ n‡q hvq|

ÔwkLvÕ bv‡g GKwU mvgwqKx iscyi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq gvRnvi“j gvbœv‡bi m¤úv`bvq| Gi ZË¡veavqK wQ‡jb Zvnwg`yj Bmjvg|

evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i mgq cvUMÖv‡gi gy³ AÂj †_‡K †Mvjvg †gv¯—dv evUz‡ji m¤úv`bvq †ei nq ÔmvßvwnK iYv½bÕ| GKB mgq hyejxM †bZv dzjy miKvi gy³ AÂj †_‡K †ei K‡ib mvßvwnK Ô†mvbvi evsjvÕ| Dc‡iv³ `yÕwU cwÎKv ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i mgq ¸i“Z¡cyY© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| iYv½bÕwewj Ki‡Z wM‡q `yÕRb gyw³‡hv×v knx` nb| KzwoMÖv‡gi bvwRg Lvu bvgK ¯’v‡b ivRvKv‡ii nv‡Z aiv c‡o wbnZ nb L›`Kvi ew`D¾vgvb Ges iscy‡i knx` nb ivRvKvi‡`i nv‡Z b~i“j Bmjvg Xvwj|

miKvix QvocÎ bv cvIqvq ÔiYv½bÕ cwÎKvwU c‡i Avi Pvjv‡bv m¤¢e nqwb| ZLb †Mvjvg †gv¯—dv evUzj 1973-G ÔgnvKvjÕ bv‡g GKwU mvßvwnK cÖwÎKv cÖKvk Kiv Avi¤¢ K‡ib|

¯^vaxbZvi ci iscy‡i me©cÖ_g GKwU ˆ`wbK cwÎKv †ei K‡ib mvsevw`K †gvbvRvZDÏxb| bvg †`b Ô‰`wbK iscyiÕ ïi“‡Z ˆ`wbK iscyi Lye RbwcÖq nq Ges e¯‘wbô msev` cwi‡ek‡bi Rb¨ Pv‡j¨i m„wó K‡i| wKš‘ ¯^v_v©‡š^lx wKQy gn‡ji †ivlvb‡j c‡o bvbv ûgwK-agKxi mb¥yLxb nb m¤úv`K| †k‡l cwÎKvwU eÜ K‡i w`‡Z eva¨ nb wZwb| H mgq `yÕwU mvßvwnK cwÎKv iscyi †_‡K †ei nIqv ïi“ nq| AvKei †nv‡m‡bi m¤úv`bvq ÔRbZvi KÚÕ Ges ˆmq` kvnRvnvb wgqvi m¤úv`bvq ÔAv‡jvi mÜv‡bÕ (1982)

L›`Kvi †Mvjvg †gv¯—dv evUz‡ji m¤úv`bvq 1981†Z †ei nq Ô‰`wbK `vevbjÕ| iscy‡ii GKgvÎ ˆ`wbK kvnRvnvb wgqvi m¤úv`bvq ÔAv‡jvi mÜv‡bÕ|

ÔcÖwZdjbÕ mvßvwnK cwÎKvwU †ei K‡ib Avãyj nvwdR 1985-‡Z †ei nq Ôˆ`wbK `vevbjÕ| iscy‡ii GKgvÎ ˆ`wbK `vevbj `xN© 10eQi ivRZ¡ K‡i|

ÔcÖwZdjbÕ mvßvwnK cwÎKvwU †ei K‡ib Avãyj nvwdR 1985wLªóv‡ã| 1987-‡ZÔ ivOvcÖfvZÕ bv‡g GKwU mvßvwnK cwÎKv †ei nq| m¤úv`K G¨vW‡fv‡KU Avwbmy¾vgvb Ges evZ©v -m¤úv`K Gm.Gg.Lwjj evey| 1992-‡Z ivOvcÖfvZ ˆ`wb‡K i“cvš—wiZ nq| GiI Av‡M Ô‰`wbK m~h©Õ Ges ÔDˇii KvMRÕbv‡g `ywU cwÎKv hvÎv Avi¤¢ K‡iwQ‡jv| wKš‘ ‡ekx `yi AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡iwb| AKvjg„Zz¨ nq|

1991-‡Z gvmy`yi ingvb wgjyi m¤úv`bvq ÔmvßvwnK AvwLivÕ cÖKvk Avi¤¢ nq| c‡ii eQi ˆ`wb‡K i“c jvf K‡i AvwLiv|

1992 wLª÷v‡ã iscyi †ij-‡÷kb GjvKv †_‡K Ô‰`wbK cwi‡ekÕ bv‡g GKwU cwÎKv cÖKvk nq| Gi m¤úv`K G.†K.Gm dRjyj nK| 1992-‡Z iscy‡i ÔmvßvwnK iscyi evZ©vÕ cÖKvk K‡i mvsevw`K mvBdzj Bmjvg Rvnv½xi| 1992-G iscy‡ii weËkvjx e¨emvqx iwngDÏxb fimv AvaywbK cÖhyw³‡Z cÖKvk Kiv ïi“ K‡ib Ô‰`wbK hy‡MiAv‡jvÕ| hy‡Mi Av‡iv GLb iscyi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ me¸‡jv ˆ`wb‡Ki g‡a¨ †kªô| cÖZ¨n Gi gy`ªY msL¨v wÎk nvRvi (2008-G)| Gi m¤úv`K Gg`v`yj nK fimv, Avi mvwnZ¨cvZvi m¤úv`K Aa¨vcK gyn¤§` Avjxg DÏxb|

1993-‡Z ÔweRjxÕ bv‡g GKwU ˆw`wbK cwÎKv †ei Ki‡jb Lvqi“j Avbvg ûgvDb| c‡i Gi m¤úv`K n‡jb †gvRvddi †nv‡mb|

1997-‡Z Ô‰`wbK iscyiÕ bvg w`‡q Avevi GKwU cwÎKv cÖKvk ïi“ n‡jv †`‡jvqvi †nv‡mb ZvjyK`vi m¤úv`bvq|

1998 wLª÷v‡ã kvn Avjg Kwe‡ii m¤úv`bvq ÔDˇii nvjPvjÕ bv‡g GKwU mvßvwnK cÖwÎKv cÖKvwkZ nq|

Gic‡ii eQi mvsevw`K gyKzj †gv¯—vwdR †ei Ki‡jb ÔmvßvwnK AUjÕ m¤úv`K gyKzj †gv¯—vwdR wb‡R| cÖKvk n‡”Q eY©m¾v †cÖm †_‡K | ÔAUjÕGi cvVK †`‡k we‡`‡k cÖPzi| c„w_exi 22Uv †`‡ki cÖevmx evsjv‡`kxiv AU‡ji cvVK e‡j cwÎKvq cÖKvk|

nvweeyi ingvb miKvi 2000 wLª÷v‡ã Ô‰`wbK AR©bÕ bv‡g GKwU cwÎKv iscyi †_‡K cÖKvk K‡ib| m¤úv`bv K‡ib wZwb wb‡R|

iscy‡ii eû mvsevw`K RvZxq ch©v‡q weL¨vZ n‡q‡Qb| Avevi A‡b‡K †Rjv ch©v‡q ¯^bvgab¨| Zvu‡`i A‡b‡KB AvR Avgv‡`I  gv‡S †bB| hvuiv †bB Zvu‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg cÖavb, mvsevw`K AMÖYx giûg gvngy` †nv‡mb, (m¤úv`K w` Wb), KvRx gyn¤§` B`wim (giûg), Avãyj gwR` (giûg), AvRgj †nv‡mb Lvb (giûg), wmivRyj Bmjvg DwKj (giûg), bxjdvgvixi giûg AvjnvR¡ kvgm-Dj-û`v (m¤úv`KÔw` gwb©s wbDRÕ), bIqv‡Rk †nv‡mb †LvKv (giûg), PviY mvsevw`K bv‡g L¨vwZgvb †gvbvRvZDÏxb (giûg), MvBevÜvi G.wU.Gg. kvgmyj Avjg Zviv (giûg), Avey mv‡`K(giûg), Gg.Av‡qby¾vgvb(giûg), Avãym mvËvi (giûg), Aveyj nvmvbvZ jvejy (giûg) cÖgyL|

RxweZ‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg cÖavb B‡ËdvK m¤úv`K AvLZvi-Dj-Avjg, Avey †di‡`Šm gyn¤§` mvC`, Avãym mv‡n` g›Uz, †gvRv‡¤§j nK, Avwj Avkivd, gxi Avwbmyj nK †cqviv (gvwnMÄ),Kvqmyj nK, AvKei †nv‡mb, m`i“j Avjg `yj~, gyKzj †gv¯—vwdR, evneyeyj ingvb Bmjvg cÖgyL|

‰`wbK B‡Ëdv‡Ki d‡Uv-mvsevw`Kgyn¤§` AvdZve Avng`I iscy‡ii K…wZ-mš—vb| wZwb ¯^xq †ckvq Amvgvb¨ `¶Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ ÔGKz‡ki c`KÕ jvf K‡ib| iscy‡ii Aci cÖexY d‡Uv-mvsevw`K †RW.G.ivRv| wZwb `xN©Kvj XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ wm‡bgv mvßvwnK ÔwPÎvjxÕi iscyi cÖwZwbwa wQ‡jb| GQvovI XvKvq ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK-G `xN©w`b hver mvsevw`KZv †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb| wgVvcyKz‡ii b~i“j Bmjvg evwi›`x divmx msev` ms¯’v G.Gd.wc (Agency France press ) Gi evsjv‡`k mvsev``vZv Ges wek¦L¨vZ Reader’s Digest’Gi evsjv‡`k cÖwZwbwa bvw`g Kvw`i iscy‡ii mš—vb| evwo †gv¯—dvcyi, e`iMÄ,iscyi| wZwb knx` †j. K‡b©j Avãyj Kvw`‡ii cyÎ| RvZxq ch©v‡q cÖw_Zhkv d‡Uv mvsevw`K cv‡fj ingvbI iscy‡ii K…wZ mš—vb|

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          * Ôiscyi cwiwPwZÕ-Wv.gwZDi ingvb emwbqv|

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          *wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKv

                    iscy‡ii K…wlcY¨ I cÖvPxb K…wlwkí

iscy‡ii Ab¨Zg cÖavb cÖvPxb K…wlwkí †ikg| Av‡MiKv‡j gvwnMÄ GjvKvq cÖPzi ZzZ Mv‡Qi Pvl n‡Zv| ZzZ Mv‡Qi cvZv ¸wU‡cvKvi cÖavb Lv`¨| Avi ¸wU †cvKvi jvjv †_‡K Drcbœ nq †ikg| Avgiv †QvU‡ejvq ÔeyK Ae b‡jRÕ eB‡Z c‡owQ|

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AvR ivkkvnx Ges cÙvi Icv‡iI gywk©`vev‡`I †ikgwkí e¨vcKfv‡e M‡o DV‡jI G-K_v wVK, mviv fviZe‡l©i †ikg wk‡íi RbK iscyi| Z‡e †ik‡gi Avw`f~wg Pxb| Pxb †_‡K wngvjq ce©Z Awεg K‡i Kvgi“c n‡q me©cÖ_g †ikg G‡m ¯’vb K‡i †bq iscy‡i|

‡ikg dvwm© k¦`| dvwm© fvlv fvi‡Z Avmvi c~‡e© †ik‡gi bvg wQ‡jv KxU, i½, Zmi, gUKv BZ¨vw`| Avi †ikgx Kvco‡K ejv n‡Zv i½ivLv|

PZz`©k †_‡K mß`k kZvãx ch©š— iscy‡i †ikgwk‡íi ¯^Y©hyM wQ‡jv| 1697wLª÷v‡ã iscy‡ii †ikge¯¿ Bsjv¨v‡Ûi evRvi †Q‡q hvq| ZL‡bv BD‡iv‡ci gvby‡li †Kv‡bv aviYvB wQ‡jv bv ¸wU‡cvKvijvjv w`‡q wKfv‡e †ikg ˆZwi nq| Avi ZzZ MvQ wK? DBwjqvg n¨v›Uvi wj‡L‡Qb Ô1872ÕwLª÷v‡ã iscy‡i 400 gY †ikg¸wU Drcbœ n‡qwQj| Avi 70gY KvuPv †ikg we‡`‡k ißvbx Kiv n‡qwQjÕ| cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB iscy‡ii gvwU‡Z cÖPzi cvU Drcbœ nq| A_P iscy‡i A`¨vewa †Kv‡bv cvUKj ¯’vwcZ nqwb| Av‡Mi Kv‡j cv‡Ui Avuk w`‡q ˆZwi Kvco‡K cv‡Vi cvQov ejv n‡Zv| ga¨hy‡Mi evsjvmvwnZ¨ bvixi †`n ej­ixi †cvkv‡Ki eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡Z ZvB Kwe wj‡L‡Qb-

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Avgiv Rvwb, KwP euv‡ki wQjKv w`‡q KvMR ˆZwi nq| wgVvKzcyKyi, KvDwbqv Ges KvjxM‡Ä weªwUk Avg‡j KvMR ˆZwii eû KviLvbv wQ‡jv| evuk QvovI ZLb KvMR ˆZwii Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e cv‡Ui Auvk e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv| Z‡e †mBme KvM‡Ri gvb DbœZ wQ‡jv bv| G¸‡jv Awdm Avv`vj‡Z †bvwUk Qvcv‡bv Ges wn‡mecÎ ivLvi Kv‡R e¨envi n‡Zv| 1872wLª÷v‡ã iscy‡i †gvU 130Uv cieZx©Kv‡j AvaywbK cÖhyw³‡Z DbœZgv‡bi mv`v aea‡e KvMR ˆZwi Avi¤¢ n‡j GB mg¯— KvMR ˆZwii KywUiwkí ax‡i ax‡i jyß n‡q hvq| iscy‡i ˆZwi KvMR H hy‡M ¯’vbxq Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi c‡iI e¸ov,ivRkvnx, RjcvB¸wo cÖf„wZ †Rjvq ißvbx Kiv n‡Zv|

GL‡bv iscy‡ii cvU evB‡i Pvjvb hvq| cvU Pvjvb Kivi Rb¨ MuvU evuavi 6wU RyU †ewjs †cÖm Av‡Q iscy‡i| ˆmq`cy‡i 2wU, MvBevÜvq 2wU Ges iscyi kn‡i AvjgbM‡i 1wU|

iscyi kn‡ii DcK‡Ú wbm‡eZM‡Ä kZiwÂ, my›`i my›`i Iqvjg¨vU, RvqbvgvR I MvwjPv ˆZwi nq| cvURvZ `ªe¨ w`‡q G wk‡íi hvÎv Aviv¤¢ nq| 1830wLª÷v‡ã Bs‡iR Kv‡j±i wg. wbm‡eZ mv‡n‡ei D‡`¨v‡M cÖ_‡g †gvUv †WvivKvUv mu~Zv w`‡q ˆZwi n‡Zv bvvb bv‡gi mZiwÄ| †hgb Rvdwi, BUKvwU, bvUvB, wcjcvqv BZ¨vw`| ¯’vbc~e© bvg cxiRvev`| wbm‡eZ mv‡n‡ei bv‡g c‡i Gi bvg nq wbm‡eZMÄR| wbm‡eZMÄ NvNU b`wi Zx‡i AvR GKwU †QvUª evRvi| mZiw ˆZwii 2/1Uv †QvU-LvU d¨v±vix Av‡Q| Z‡e Av‡Mi g‡Zv †mB †RŠjym GLb Avi †bB|

B¶zi Avev`I cÖPzi nq iscy‡i| cÖvPxbKv‡j B¶z †_‡K ïay ¸o ˆZwi n‡Zv| ¸‡oi Rb¨ weL¨vZ wQ‡jv e`iMÄnvU Ges jvjgwYinv‡Ui eoevwo| Z‡e iscy‡ii gvwU‡Z me©cÖ_g 1794 wLª÷v‡ã GKwU wPwbKj ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQ‡jv MvBevÜvi eÜ©b‡Kv‡U©| Gi gvwjK wQ‡jb Bs‡iR mv‡neiv| 1800 wLª÷v‡ã GB wPwbKjwU eÜ n‡q hvq| mviv evsjv‡`‡k AvR (2008-G)16wU wPwbKj| Gi e`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvaxb k¨vgcy‡i| k¨vgcyi wPwbKj ¯’vwcZ nq AvBDe Lv‡bi Avg‡j 1964wLª÷v‡ã Avgv‡`iI †Pv‡Li | Avi Drcv`b ïi“ nq 1968-‡Z| `k nvRvi †gwUªK Ub Gi Drcv`b Gi Drcv`b ¶gZv| GK gY B¶z‡Z ˆZwi nq 7†mi wPwb| B¶zi evB-cÖWv± wPUv¸o‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q k¨vgcy‡i e¨w³ gvwjKvbvq ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q Ôiscyi wWw÷jvixR GÛ †KwgK¨vjm wj.Õ | GB d¨v±ix‡Z G¨vj‡Kvnj Ges wiw±dvBW w¯úwiU ˆZix n‡”Q| gvwngvM‡Äi wPwbKjwU wekvj| Gi evwl©K wgjwUi Awdwmqvj bvg iscyi myMvi wgjm| 81 GKi Rwgi Dci wbwg©Z GB wgjwUi ¯’vwcZ nq 1954 wLª÷v‡ã| Gi Drcv`b ïi“ nq 1958 wLª÷v‡ã|

iscyi‡K Zvgv‡Ki †`k ejv nq| g~jZ ZvgvK iscy‡ii Avw` K…wlcY¨ bq| Avi Zvgv‡Ki †`kI iscyi bq| GgbwK ZvgvK kãwUi evsjv bq| 1498 wLª÷v‡ã cZz©wMZ bvweK fv‡¯‹v-Wv-Mvgvi fviZe‡l© AvMg‡bi ci `‡j `‡j cZz©wMRiv fvM¨v‡b&l fviZe‡l© Avm‡Z _v‡K| A‡b‡K fviZxq †g‡q‡`i‡K we‡q K‡i fvi‡Zi ey‡K ¯’vqx Ni ev‡agvwU‡Z Avev` K‡i| ZLbB Zvuiv GB †`k‡K wb‡Ri †`k g‡b K‡i †cu‡c, †cqviv, AvZv, Avbvim cÖf~wZ dj Ges ZvgvK we‡`k †_‡K G‡b fviZe‡l©i gvwU‡Z Avev` K‡i| Dc‡iv³ k㸇jv cyZz©wMR kã| ZvgvKI cZz©wMR kã| RvwZ, gwZnvwi, fvwR©wbqv, e¨vwbjv, mygvÎv, bvI‡Lj, †nvqvBU evwj©, Zvwjg bvbv bv‡gi I bvbv Rv‡Zi ZvgvK Av‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki kZKiv 70% ZvgvK Drcbœ nq e„nËi iscy‡ii DËi A‡j| evwK 30%nq Kzwóqvq| w`bvRcy‡i Avev` nq mvgvb¨| iscy‡ii MsMvPov Dc‡Rjv, ZvivMÄ Dc‡Rjvi wKQy Ask bxjdvgvixi wK‡kviMÄ Ges RjXvKv, jvjgwYinv‡Ui KvjxMÄ Ges cvUMÖvg Dc‡Rjvq e¨vcK Zvgv‡Ki Pvl nq iscyii `w¶Y A‡j Zvgv‡Ki Avev` †bB ej‡jB P‡j| Z‡e `w¶Y A‡j B¶zi Avev` †ekx nq| B¶z‡K iscy‡ii AvÂwjK fvlvq Kzkvi e‡j| B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbx Bsj¨vÛ †_‡K fvi‡Z RvZ| ZvB G †`‡ki gvwU‡Z GivB cÖ_g bxj Pv‡li †hgb ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jv †Zgwb ZvgvK Pv‡liI| DBwjqvg nv›Uv‡ii †jLv †_‡K Rvbv hvq| 1772 wLª÷v‡ã DD‡ivcxq bxjKi  mv‡n‡eiv cme©cÖ_g iscy‡i bxj Pvl ïi“ K‡i| bx‡ji †`k d«vÝ| gwm‡q j~u †evb©` bv‡g GK divmx me©cÖ_g cix¶vg~jKfv‡e evsjvq bx‡ji Avev` K‡i mvdj¨ AR©b K‡ib| c‡i e¨vcK nv‡i ïi“ nq Gi Pvl| K…lK‡`i B”Qvi wei“‡× ejc~e©K bx‡ji Pvl Kiv‡bv n‡Zv| c‡i bvbv Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g bxj Pvl eÜ n‡jv 1881wLª÷v‡ã| Z‡e Zvgv‡Ki Avev` eÜ nqwb| KviY ZvgvK Drcv`b Ki‡j K…lKiv Gi mydj cvq| Bs‡iR kvmK wg.MÖ“R 1770 wLª÷v‡ã iscy‡i Gm.B B‡¤úwiqvj †UvKv‡ev †Kv¤úvbx bv‡g ZvgvK e¨emvi GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb  ZLb †_‡KB iscy‡ii ZvgvK evgv© (gvqvbgvi), kªxj¼v Ges fvi‡Zi wewfbœ GjvKvq Pvjvb †h‡Zv| d«v‡Ýi ivRavbx c¨vwi‡m wek¦ cÖ`k©bx‡Z iscy‡ii ZvgvK cÖ`wk©Z n‡qwQ‡jv| iscy‡ii R‰bK ZvgvK Drcv`K H cÖ`k©bx‡Z we‡kl gvbcÎ Ges c`K jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| †`‡ki Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi ciI AvR iscy‡ii ZvgvK we‡k¦i 9wU †`‡k ißvbx n‡”Q| †`‡ki kZKiv 20% RvZxq Av‡qi Drm eZ©gv‡b ZvgvK I ZvgvKRvZ wkí|

cvwK¯—vb Avg‡j iscy‡iii ZvgvK w`‡q ïay wewo ˆZwi n‡Zv| wmMv‡iU KviLvbv¸‡jv Pvjv‡Zv cwðgcvwK¯—v‡bi ZvgvK w`‡q| †mB ZvgvK Avm‡Zv g`©vb †_‡K| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci †_‡K †`kx ZvgvK w`‡q DbœZ gv‡bi wmMv‡iU ˆZix n‡”Q|

wewo wk‡íi Rb¨ weL¨vZ iscy‡ii nvivMvQ| GLv‡b †QvU eo cÖvq wZbkZ wewo d¨v±ix Av‡Q| Avi G mg¯— d¨v±ix‡Z Kg©iZ Av‡Q cÂvk nvRvi kªwgK| iscy‡i Av‡M Zvgv‡Ki Avev` n‡jI wewo ˆZwii d¨v±ix wQj bv| nvivMv‡Qi wKQy wKQy `wi`ª hyeK †KvPwenvi, ayewo| Avmvg cÖf„wZ ¯’v‡b wM‡q wewo ˆZwii KvR Ki‡Zv| iscy‡i me©cÖ_g wewo d¨v±ix †Lv‡jb wn›`y e¨emvqxiv| †gvwnbx wewo Avi Kvwgbx wewo iscy‡ii cÖ_g wewo| Avi e`iM‡Äi Ômybxj wewoÕ| Kvwgbx wewo d¨v±ix‡Z wewo iscy‡ii cÖ_g wewo| Avi e`iM‡Äi mybxj wewo| Kvwgbx wewo d¨v±ix‡Z wewo evbv‡Zv nvivMv‡Qi Avãyi ingvb bv‡g GK hyeK| †mB nvivMv‡Q me©cÖ_g Avbmvi wewoi d¨v±ix †Lv‡j| Gici 1947 wLª÷v‡ã nvivMv‡Qi weËkvjx e¨w³ wRqviZzj¨vn ÔcvwK¯—vb wmRvm© BÛvwóªWÕ bv‡g GKwU Pzi“U KviLvbv ¯’vcb K‡ib nvivMv‡Q| Gici GKUvi ci GKUv KviLvbv M‡o D‡V AvR nvivMvQ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q wewo wmwU‡Z|

iscy‡ii Ab¨vb¨ K…wlc‡b¨i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg avb, Avj~, †e¸b,gwiP,cUj,kkv BZ¨vw`| bvbv bv‡gi, bvbv Rv‡Zi av‡bi Avev` nq iscy‡i|

iscyi g~jZ DØ„Ë avb Drcv` avb Drcv`bKvix †Rjv| ¯’vbxq Pvwn`v wgwU‡q hv DØ„Ë _v‡K Zv evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvq UªvK f‡i f‡i P‡j hvq| †fÛvevwo GjvKvi gvjwkiv PvDj Lye bvgKiv| iscy‡ii GKK ¯’v‡b GKK K…wlc‡Y¨i L¨vwZ Av‡Q| G wb‡q A‡bK †jLK A‡bK my›`i my›`i Qov wj‡L‡Qb| Kwe b~i“j Bmjvg Kve¨we‡bv` I eû Qov wj‡LwQ‡jb| iscy‡ii AvÂwjK fvlvq iwPZ Zvui K‡qKwU Qov wb‡P cÖ`Ë n‡jv|

1.                  wbm‡eZM‡Äi mZiwÂ, bxjdvgvixi Av`v

          nvivMv‡Qi wewo ZvsKz bvg QovB‡Q `v`v

2.                 k¨vgcyi Avi gwngvM‡Ä wPwbi Kj Av‡Q,

          AvRvinvU-RvqMxiZ ïcvix Mv‡Q Mv‡Q|

3.                 ‡fÛvevwoi gvjwkiv PvDj, dzj‡PŠwKi Avg,

          cvbevRi AviKgjcy‡ii cv‡bi eûZ bvg

4.                 g‡qbcy‡ii P~qvi cvU, e`iM‡Äi ¸o

          ‰L‡qi †miv avb djwPj bvg †h K‡bKPzi||

5.                 Avjyi †miv wkjwe‡jZx Avwb‡cŠKiZ nq,

          LULwUqvi †Xvcv evBMb gbUv K‡i Rq|

iscyi kn‡ii DcK‡Ú Aew¯’Z LULwUqv bv‡gi MÖvgwU| GLbKvi gvwU‡Z Drcbœ eo eo †MvjvKvi †Xuvcv †e¸‡bi ¯^v` mwZ¨B Ac~e©|Gh GKevi Lvq †m Rxe‡b fyj‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi kni †_‡K 10 gvBj `w¶‡Y ivYxcyKzi wgVvcyKzi Dc‡Rjvq| †QvU wkjv cv_‡ii AvK…wZ Avi we‡jZx †gg‡`i Mv‡ji g‡Zv jvj e‡j GLvbKvi Avjyi bvg wkjwe‡jZx| gvs‡mi m‡½ ivbœv Ki‡j gvsm bv †L‡q ïay Avjy †L‡Z B‡”Q K‡i| Z‡e †Mvj AvjyiI e¨vcK Pvl nq e„nËi iscy‡i| GK cwimsL¨v‡b Rvbv hvq 1998 wLª÷v‡ã iscy‡i Avjy msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q 17Uv †Kvì -‡óv‡iR| †cvjvI-Gi Rb¨ e`iMÄ Dc‡Rjvq †h wPKb myMwÜ av‡bi Avev` nq Zvi bvg kvBj¨v| GKBfv‡e cxiM‡Äi gy‡MiWvj, Avi mv`yj¨vcy‡ii Ij cÖwm×|

          Z_¨m~Î:

          * Ôevsjv‡`k †M‡RUxqvi iscyiÕ-1990|

          * Ôiscyi †Rjvi BwZnvmÕ-2000|

          * Ônvgvi `¨vk nvivMvQÕ-1990, gyn¤§ Aveyj Kv‡kg|

          * Ônvgvi AgcyiÕ-b~i“j Bmjvg Kve¨we‡bv`|

          * wewfbœ cÎ cwÎKv

wZb †Kv¤úvbx

evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fimgq huv‡`i Rb¥| AvR 2008wLª÷v‡ã Zvu‡`i eqm 37 eQi| Zviv wZb †Kv¤úvbxi †Kv‡bvwUB †`‡Lbwb| nq‡Zv bvg ï‡bQb| †mB wZb †Kv¤úvbxi bvg RvnvR †Kv¤úvbx, K¨vk‡Kv¤úvbx Ges c¨vivWvBm †Kv¤úvbx| iscyi kn‡i wekvj GB wZbwU †`vKv‡bi bv‡gi m‡½ †K‡bv †h hy³ wQj Zv Rvbv bv‡M‡jI ej‡Z n‡e G‡Zv eo †`vKvb iscy‡i AvR †bB| GB wZbwU †`vK‡bi gvwjK wQ‡jb AevOvwjiv|

GLb cÖkœ n‡jv, fviZ wefv‡Mi ci wenvi †_‡K iscy‡i G‡m Guiv GZv Aí mg‡q G‡Zv eo e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK n‡jb wKfv‡e?

Gi g~j KviY, e¨emvi cÖwZ escy‡ii gvby‡li Abxnv| Av‡M iscy‡ii gvbyl e¨emv Ki‡Zv bv, Rvb‡ZvI bv| weij e¨wZµg Qvov| mvaviY ga¨weËiv Rwg-Rgv wb‡q MÖv‡gBc‡o _vK‡Zv| †RvZ`v‡ii †Q‡jiv †Ljvayjv, eb‡fvRb, wkKvi Avi KjKvZv w`wj­ ågY wb‡q e¨¯— _vK‡Zv| Rwg`v‡ii †Q‡jiv mgq e¨q Ki‡Zv mvwnZ¨-mvs¯‹…wZ-bvUK I mgvR †mev wb‡q| Avi D”Pwe‡Ëi g‡a¨ GKUvB j¶¨, wK K‡i DwKj nIqv hvq| IKvjwZUvB ZLb wQ‡jv AwfRvZ¨c~Y© †ckv| Avi hvuiv DwKj n‡Z cvi‡Zv bv Zvuiv n‡Zv †gv³vi| ZvB GKevi RR‡Kv‡U©i GK DwKj VvUªv K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb,Ô‡h w`‡K †gwj AvuwL, ïayB †gv³vi ‡`wL|

GB hLb D”PweË Avi ga¨we‡Ëi mš—vb‡`i mvgvwRK Ae¯’v, ZLb dvuKv gq`v‡b †Mvj †`q ewnivMZ e¨emvqxiv| XvKv, gywÝMÄ, cvebv, †bvqvLvwj cÖf„wZ GjvKv †_‡K †jvK D‡o G‡m Ry‡o e‡m iscy‡ii e¨emv evwY‡R¨i A½‡b| †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi mb¥yLxb Zvu‡`i n‡Z nq bv| ïay iscyi kni bq, _vbv e›`‡ii mg¯— e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i Zviv wbqš¿b K‡i| Avi wbqš¿b K‡i ivR¯’vb †_‡K Avmv gv‡ovqvixiv| m‡½ _v‡K wKQy wn›`y e¨emvqx |

fviZ wefv‡Mi ci eb¨vi †mªv‡Zi g‡Zv Av‡m wenvixiv| Guiv n‡jv ¸wj LvIqv evN| Zvi Dci ¯^‡`k †Q‡o bZzb wVKvvbq Av‡m wi³ n‡¯—| d‡j, Rxeb msMÖvgUv nq KwVb| †QvU e¨emv †Q‡o bZzb wVKvbvq Av‡m wi³ n‡¯—| d‡j, Rxeb msMÖMÖvgUv nq KwVb| †QvU e¨emv ïi“ K‡i kªg I mvabvi Øviv Dc‡i I‡V Guiv eo eo †`vKvb cv‡Ui gvwjK nq|

K¨vk‡Kv¤úvbx wQ‡jv GKwU eo Ily‡ai †`vKvb| Zvi D‡ëv w`‡K RvnvR †Kv¤úvbx| m~uB †_‡K e›`yK ch©š— cvIqv †h‡Zv GB wekvj †`vKv‡b | †`vKv‡bi †fZ‡i wQ‡jv e›`y‡Ki †`vKvb| wRbœvUzwc c‡i K…òe‡Y©i gvwjK †iRv Avng` †`vKv‡bi †fZ‡i GKUv †Pqv‡i em‡Zb, Avi †mjmg¨vbiv gvjcÎ wewµ Ki‡Zv| M¨vwbmÕ Qvov GZv eo †`vKvb XvKvI wØZxqUv wQ‡jv bv| M¨vwb‡mi gvwjKI AevOvjx wQ‡jb|

RvnvR‡Kv¤úvbxi cv‡k nK ‡nv‡Uj Gi Kv‡Q AwZ my›`i `„w÷b›`b †iwWI, Nwo, wUwf BZ¨vw` †kŠwLb wRwbmc‡Îi †`vKvbwUi bvg c¨vivWvBm †Kv¤úvbx| †`vKv‡bi gvjcÎ ¸‡jv Ggb my›`ifv‡e mvRv‡bv wQ‡jv, †`L‡j g‡b n‡Zv c¨vivWvBm‡Kv¤úvbx bvgwU mv_©K| A_P GB †`vKv‡bi wenvix gvwjK †`L‡Z K`vKvi I KzrwmZ wQ‡jb| g‡b n‡Zv G ¯^M©-D`¨v‡bi †fZi †egvbvb fv‡e e‡m Av‡Q GKwU Kv‡jv KvK| Zwi Zvui †mŠ›`h© Ávb wQj cÖLi|

GKevi nVvr ‡`wL c¨vivWvBm‡Kv¤úvbxi †fZi GKwU ûi cwi| Zzlvi-aej i‡Oi we‡jZx-‡gg| †gg mv‡n‡ei m‡½ Zvui Kx m¤úK© wQ‡jv Zv Rvwb bv| Z‡e g‡b n‡jv Zvu‡K †`vKv‡b emv‡bv n‡q‡Q †mjmMvj© wnmv‡e| ZLb iscyi kn‡i wQ‡jv 3/4 Lvbv cÖvB‡fU Kvi| Lvbevnv`yi kvn Avãyi iD‡di GKLvbv, †Rjv RR †Mvjvg gvIjvi GKLvbv Ges c¨vivWvBm‡Kv¤úvbxi gvwj‡Ki GKLvbv| GB Kv‡i P‡o †gg mv‡ne Avm‡Zb|

wKš‘ †`vKv‡bi †ePvwewµ †Zv evo‡jv bv, Dëv Sv‡gjv m„wó n‡jv| GB †k¦Zvw½bx‡K †`Lvi Rb¨ †jv‡Ki wfo n‡Z jvM‡jv| †h‡bv wPwoqvLvbvq G‡m‡Q GK AvRe cÖvYx| iscy‡ii gZ gdt¯^j kn‡i G `„k¨ AevwÄZ| wKQyw`b ci †`Lv †M‡jv †gg mv‡ne Avi †bB|

Gici evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb Avi¤¢ n‡jv| 3 g©vP, 1971-G AvjgbM‡i evOvwj‡`i wgwQ‡ji Dci wenvix KZ…©K ¸wjel©Y Ges †mB ¸wj‡Z k¼z mgR`vi bv‡g 12 eQ‡ii evjK wbnZ n‡jv| AvnZ n‡jv kwidzj Avjg (gKeyj)| nvmcvZv‡j g„Zz¨i m‡½ cvÄv j‡o gKeyjI gviv †M‡jv 17B g©vP,71G| H 3 gv‡P© ¸wj‡Z knx` n‡jb Av‡iv `yRb| we.G. K¬v‡mi QvÎ Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv‡` Ges Igi Avwj (45) Igi Avwji evmv wQ‡jv gyjv‡Uvj, iscyi Ges Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv‡`i evwo wgVvKzKzi Dc‡Rjvaxb eyRi“K m‡š—vlcyi kvncvov| Z‡e k¼zB iscy‡ii cÖ_g knx`|

GB wZb nZ¨v ¯^vaxbZv wcqvmx evOvwj‡`i g‡b †¶v‡fi m„wó Ki‡jv| euvafv½v R‡ji g‡Zv Zv‡`i gb we¶z× n‡jv| wec­‡ei AwMœ‡mªvZ‡K †VKv‡e †K? wec­exiv gnv wec­ex n‡q IV‡jv| ZLb Zvu‡`i AwMœ`xß g¯—‡K R¡vjI †cvovI wPš—v Gm evmv evuua‡jv| Avi †Kv‡bv K_v bvq KvgvjKvQbvq wenvix‡`i GKUv KvV‡PivB wg‡j cÖ_g Av¸b jvMv‡bv n‡jv| Gici †c‡Uªvj †X‡j R¡vwj‡q †`qv n‡jv wenvix‡`i Ab¨vb¨ me eo eo †`vKvb Avjg †UªwWs (Jl‡ai wekvj †`vKvb), K¨vk‡Kv¤úvbx, RvnvR‡Kv¤úvbx| wb‡Ri cv‡q Kzovj gvivi Z‡gv AevOvwjiv wb‡R‡`i cÖwZôvb¸‡jv wb‡RivB aŸsm Ki‡iv evOvwj‡`i Dci ¸wj bv Pvjv‡j nq‡Zv AvR GB cÖwZôvb¸‡jv aŸsm n‡Zv bv| A¶Z Ae¯’vq _vK‡Zv| GLb †mB me RvqMvqi Dci M‡o D‡V‡Q †QvU †QvU †`vKvb|

RvnvR †Kv¤úvbx bv _vK‡jI bvgwU GL‡bvI gy‡Q hvqwb| AZxZ BwZnvmwU GL‡bv i‡q †M‡Q ÔRvnvR‡Kv¤úvbx †gvoÕ bv‡g| Avi †iRv Avng‡`i KwbôcyÎ †gv¯—dv Avng` AvR †h Rvnv †Kv¤úvbx Kg‡c­Kª Ki‡jb, GUv wekvj gv‡K©U n‡jI Gi †fZ‡ii †`vKvb¸‡jv AwZ ¶z`ª| †h‡bv RvnvR †Kv¤úvbxi †mB wekvj Rvnv‡Ri ev”Pv, †QvU †QvU wWw½ †bŠKv| RvnvR †Kv¤úvbx, K¨vk‡Kv¤úvbx Ges c¨vivWvBm‡Kv¤úvbx bvg wZbwU GLb ïay AZxZ w`‡bi BwZnvm

Îqx Uªv‡RWx

evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g iscy‡ii eû gvbyl cÖvY w`‡q‡‡Q, knx` n‡q‡Q| †m ZvwjKv weivU †KD knx` n‡q‡Qb iscy‡ii gvwU‡Z, †KD iscy‡ii evB‡i Ab¨ †Rjvq, Avevi †KD fvi‡Zi f~wg‡Z| ee©i cvwK¯—vbx ˆmwbK,wbg©g,AevOvwj,wb`©q Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Ges wbôzi gymwjg jx‡Mi †bZv Kgx©‡`i †hvMmvR‡m G nZ¨vKvÛ¸‡jv msNwUZ nq| †m BwZnvm eoB ü`qwe`viK, eoB gg©¯úkx©| G wb‡q Ôgyw³hy‡× iscyiÕ bv‡g GKwU Avjv`v MÖš’ n‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡`i GB MÖ‡š’ me NUbvi Ici we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvKcvZ Kivi AeKvk †bB| i½cyi M‡elYv cwil` G welqUv wb‡q KvR ïi“ K‡i‡Qb|

e„nËi iscyi †Rjvi wewfbœ MÖvgM‡Ä AvR AmsL¨ MYKei| hvi bvg c‡i n‡jv ea¨f~wg| †mB mg¯— ea¨f~wg‡Z wM‡q Kvb cvZ‡j GL‡bv knx`‡`i AvZ¥vi Kvbœv †kvbv hvq| g„Zz¨i c~e© gyû‡Z© Zuv‡`i g‡bi Ae¯’v Kx n‡qwQ‡jv, gv-evev-fvB-‡evb-¯¿x-mš—vb‡`i Rb¨v Zvuiv Kx †f‡ewQ‡jv †mUv GKUz Mfxifv‡e wPš—v Ki‡j kix‡ii †jvg wkD‡i D‡V| GB gvbyl¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv RvbvRv nqwb| c‡iwb Kvd‡bi mv`v Kvco| ‡mB mg¯— ea¨f~wg‡Z ï‡q _vKv Rvbv ARvbv gvbyl¸‡jvi wZbwU †kvKNb Uªv‡RWxi Ici Avgiv Gevi wKQy Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|

1.      `wLMÄ Uªv‡RWx

iscyi kn‡ii DcK‡Ú gvwnM‡Äi KvQvKvwQ wn›`y‡`i ke‡`n †cvovevi GKwU ¯’vb `wLMÄ k¥kvb| GB k¥kv‡b iscyi kn‡ii 11Rb evOvwj‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i cvK ˆmwb‡Kiv| Guiv n‡jb 1. G¨vW‡fv‡KU BqvKze gvndzR Avjx (Ri‡im), 2. gWv©Y mvB‡Kj †÷v‡ii †cÖŠp Kg©Pvix ¶xwZk nvj`vi, 3. `yM©v`vm AwaKvix, 4. `yM©v`vm AwaKvixi 15 eQi eqmx cyÎ †Mvcvj AwaKvix, 5. DËg Kzgvi AwaKvix, 6. `yjvj wgqv, 7. iwdK Avjx, 8. gyn¤§` gnig, 9. mš‘ PvKx Ges 2 R‡bi bvg AÁvZ|

27†k gvP© mKv‡j11Uvi mgq gyÝxcvov †_‡K BqvKze Avwj‡K Rx‡c Zz‡j nvbv`vi wgwjUvixiv iscyi K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U wb‡q hvq| †mLv‡b Zvui Dci cÖPzi wbh©vZb Pvjv‡bv nq| K‡qKw`b K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U _v‡K| 3 GwcÖj kn‡ii wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K Av‡iv 11 Rb‡K a‡i Zvu‡K mn Mfxi iv‡Z wb‡q hvIqv nq `wLMÄ k¥kv‡b| ZLbB Zviv eyS‡Z cvi‡iv, Zvu‡`i Avi evuPevi c_ †bB|

nvZevuav Ae¯’vq Aa©‡MvjvKvi K‡i mevB‡K ewm‡q ˆckvwPK Dj­v‡m wPrKvi w`‡q  e¨½ K‡i ˆmwbKiv ej‡jv,ÒRq evsjv e‡jvÓ| GiciwKQy eySevi Av‡MB wZbw`K †_‡K ïi“ n‡jv ¸wjel©b| ¶wY‡Ki g‡a¨ g„Zz¨i †Kv‡j X‡j co‡jv GB Zi-ZvRv cÖvY¸‡jv|

Gici UP©jvBU R¡vwj‡q Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡jv †KD RxweZ Av‡Q, wK bv| Avevi wb‡`©k w`‡jv, PvjvI ¸wj| ÔKB wR›`v i‡nMv †Zv e`bvgx †nvMvÕ| Gici g„Z¨ wbwðZ n‡q‡Q †f‡e Zuviv P‡j †M‡jv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U|

wKš‘ 11wU cÖvY wejxb n‡jI A‡jŠwKKfv‡e †eu‡P †M‡jb Wv.`x‡bk ‡fŠwgK Ii‡d g›Uz Wv³vi| wZwb GKRb †nvwgIc¨vw_K Wv³vi Ges evwo ZvRnv‡U| ¸wji mgq wZwb gvby‡li ¯‘‡ci wb‡P c‡iwQ‡jb| ZvB Zvui ïay cv‡q ¸wj jv‡M|

nv‡qbviv P‡j †M‡j nvgv¸wo w`‡q k¥kvb †_‡K †ewo‡q AwZ K‡ó gvBj Lv‡bK c_ AwZµg K‡i GK evwoi `iRv bK K‡ib wZwb| evwoi gvwjK G‡Zv iv‡Z `iRv Lyj‡Z Pvq bv|

          ïay e‡j †K?

          H GjvKvi †jvK g›Uz Wv³vi‡K wP‡b| wZwb e‡jb, ÔAvwg g›Uz Wv³viÕ

          ZLb `iRv Ly‡j Zvu‡K Avkªq †`q| cv e¨v‡ÛR K‡i| 7Uv ¸wji AvNv‡Z cv ¶Z-we¶Z| c‡i cxiMvQvq wM‡q †mLvbKvi Zi“Y gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq wmZvB eW©vi w`‡q fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib| eW©v‡i †iWµ‡mi GKwU Rxc Zvu‡K wb‡q †KvPwenvi hvq| †mLv‡bB A¯¿cvPvi K‡i Zvui cv †_‡K ¸wj †ei Kiv nq| GKUz my¯’¨ n‡q wZwb P‡j hvb KjKvZv Ges †mLv‡b mvsevw`K Ges AvZ¡xq-¯^Rb‡`i GB nZ¨vh‡Ái Kvwnbx eY©bv K‡ib|

          Z_¨m~Î :

          Ôiscyi mw¤§jbx, KjKvZvÕ, †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ¯§viKcÎ|

2.  exiPiY Uªv‡RWx

iscyi kni †_‡K 5wK.wg `~‡i Z‡cvab BDwbq‡bi Aš—©MZ mv‡neMÄ| †gŠRvi bvg exiPiY  †mw`b wQ‡jv c‡njv †g| kªwgK‡`i Avš—Rv©wZK †g w`em| GB w`‡b iscyi K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui 19Rb evOvwj ˆmwbK Ges Awdmvi‡K GLv‡b ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i cvwK¯—vbx ˆmb¨iv| GB NUbvi Pv¶zl mv¶x exiPiY MÖv‡gi M„nea~ bRydv †eMg| iscy‡ii wewkó mvsevw`K Gm.Gg.Lwjj evey †mLv‡b wM‡q bRydv †eM‡gi mv¶vrKvi wb‡q cwÎKvq GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡ib| cÖwZ‡e`‡b wZwb wj‡L‡Qb,ivZ mv‡o AvUUvi w`‡K nVvr Mvwoi kã ï‡b bRydv †eMg AuvZ‡K I‡Vb 6/7Uv wgwjUvixi Mvwo G‡m iv¯—vq `vuovq| ‰mwbK‡`i Mvwo †`‡L bRydv †eMg Zvui 5wU †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡K wb‡q cvU‡¶‡Z wM‡q jyKvq| `~i †_‡K wZwb †`L‡Z †c‡jb, Mvwoi jvBU R¡vwj‡q nvZ evuav Ae¯’vq eû †jvK‡K Mvwo †_‡K bvgv‡bv n‡jv| Gi wKQy¶Y ci †kvbv †M‡jv AmsL¨ ¸wji kã| H mgq fvM¨µ‡g GKRb ˆmwbK cvjv‡Z m¶g nb| wZwb †gvËv‡je wgqvi evwo‡Z cvwb Lvb Ges e‡j hvb-hw` †`k ¯^vaxb nq, Zvn‡j Avwg G‡m Avcbv‡`i mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡ev| wVKB †`k ¯^vax‡bi ci H ˆmwbK MbKeiwU †`L‡Z G‡m MÖvgevmx‡`i m‡½ †`Lv K‡i †M‡QbÕ| mvsevw`K Lwjj evey‡K G K_vwU H MÖv‡gi †Q‡j AvdRvb e‡jb| GB MYKe‡i Av‡Rv ï‡q Av‡Qb 19wU bvg bv Rvbv ˆmwb‡Ki †`n|

ciw`b GKwU weivU eo Kei Lyu‡o RvbvRv cwo‡q MÖvgevmxiv jvk¸‡jv‡K mgvwnZ K‡i| mevi ci‡b wQ‡jv ˆmwb‡Ki †cvkvK| c‡K‡U wQ‡jv wPwV, KvMRcÎ, UvKv, Pvwe Ges Kjg| Zvuiv GK †gR‡ii c‡K‡U ivLv GKwU wPwV Ly‡j c‡o| Zvui KwP Kb¨vi wPwV| Zv‡Z †jLv wQ‡jv,ÔAveŸy K‡e evwo‡Z Avm‡e? AvgviRb¨ Pzwo wb‡q G‡mv, wdZv wb‡q G‡mvÕ| wKš‘ AveŸy Avi †Kv‡bvw`bI cig স্নেহ ভাজন Kb¨vi Kv‡Q †h‡Z cv‡ibwb| wZwb †Kvb †Rjvi gvbyl wQ‡jb, †K Rv‡b| †Kvb gv‡qi mš—vb wQ‡jb, †mUvI AÁvZ| wZwb AvR wPiNy‡g Nywg‡q Av‡Qb iscy‡ii GK AL¨vZ MÖv‡g ea¨f~wgi Af¨š—‡i| cieZx©Kv‡j Pvu`v Zz‡j UvKv msMÖn K‡i exiPiY MÖv‡gi gvby‡liv GB ea¨f~wgi PZzw`©‡K mxgvbv cÖvPxi †`b|

3. Svo–qvi wej Uªv‡RWx

iscyi eMiMÄ Dc‡Rjvaxb ivgbv_cyi GKwU BDwbqb| Gi Ae¯’vb Ki‡Zvqv b`xi c~e© Zx‡i| cv‡kB w`bvRcyi †Rjvaxb cve©Zxcyi Dc‡Rjv| ˆm`qcy‡ii g‡Zv cve©Zxcyi GKwU wenvix-cÖavb GjvKv| cve©Zxcyi GKwU †ijI‡q RskbI e‡U| GLv‡b ev”Pz Lvb Ges Kvgi“¾vgvb wQ‡jv bvgKiv ¸Ûv| Guiv cvwK¯—vbx ˆmb¨‡`i m‡½ wb‡q ivgbv_cyi BDwbq‡bi Ici †h ZvÛe Pvjvq, Zv gyw³hy‡×i BwZnv‡m iscy‡ii GK gnvcÖjvq|

w`bUv wQj17 GwcÖj| evjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i BwZnv‡m GB w`bwU AZ¨š— Zvrch©c~Y©| KviY GB w`‡b †g‡nicy‡ii AvgªKv‡b (gywRebM‡i) †`k-we‡`‡ki mvsevw`K‡`i Dcw¯’wZ‡Z MYcÖvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii gwš¿mfvi m`m¨‡`i cwiPq Kwi‡q †`qv nq| GB Abyôv‡b ¯^vaxbZvi  †NvlYvcÎ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e cvV K‡ib AvIqvgxjxM cvj©v‡g›Uvix cvwU©i PxcûBc Aa¨vcK BDmyd Avwj (w`bvRcyi)|

G-iKg GKUv my›`i w`‡b biwckvPiv K‡qKwU MÖvg wN‡i †d‡j wbixn wbi¯¿ MÖvgevmx‡`i eoB wb`©qfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i Ges Av¸b jvwM‡q evwo Ni cywo‡q †`q| GKB m‡½ Zvuiv LvwjkvnvRxcyi, eyRi“KnvRxcyi, ivgK…òcyi, NvUvwej, evukevwo, gvmvb‡Wvev, evwbqvcvov Ges †LvÏ©evMevo cÖf„wZ MÖv‡g Avµgb Pvjvq| †Kv‡bv †jv‡Ki cvjvevi †Kv‡bv c_ wQ‡jv bv| MÖv‡gi †mB wbixn, mij gvbyl¸‡jvi AvZ©wPrKv‡i AvKvk-evZvm †Ku‡c I‡VwQ‡jv| Zvu‡`i Kv‡Q g‡b n‡qwQ‡jv AvR †Kqvg‡Zi w`b| bvix-cyi“l-hyev-e„× QvovI †Kv‡ji wkï‡K Zvuiv nZ¨v K‡i| Avi GB nZ¨vhÁUv Zvuiv NUvq Svo–qvi wej I cÙcyKz‡i| `ycyi 2Uv †_‡K mÜv¨v ch©š— P‡j GB fq¼i nZ¨vKvÛ| Rvbv hvq, cÖvq †Mo nvRvi gvbyl knx` nq †mB mgq| e„nËi iscyi †Rjvq GUvB me‡P‡q eo nZ¨vi NUbv| Svo–qvi wej Uªv‡RWxi 377 Rb knx‡`i GKwU ZvwjKv exi gyw³‡hv×v gyKzj †gv¯—vwdR cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Ôiscyi †Rivi BwZnvmÕMÖ‡š’| Dc‡i D‡j­wLZ Z_¨¸‡jv H MÖš’ †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b Av‡iv D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q, Svo–qvi wej Uªv‡RWxi `yB KzL¨vZ bvqK ev”Pz Lvb Ges Kvgi“¾vgvb c‡i cvwK¯—v‡b cvwj‡q hvq cvK-‰mwbK‡`i m‡½|

          Z_¨m~Î :

          * Ôgyw³hy‡× iscyiÕ (iscyi †Rjvi BwZnvm)-kvn Avãyiiv¾vK I gyKzj †gv¯—vwdR|

          * ÔAvwg weRq †`‡LwQÕ-Gg.Avi.AvLZvi gyKzj|

          * wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKv|

cÖ_g-cw_K…Z-¯§iYxq

1.      iscy‡ii cÖ_g HwZnvwmK ivRv

ivRv-gnvivRvi †`k iscyi| hy‡M hy‡M Kv‡j-Kv‡j GB f~-L‡Û K‡Zv ivRv ivRZ¡ K‡i‡Qb, K‡Zv gnvivRv cÖfyZ¡ K‡i‡Qb Zvi wn‡me †bB| Z‡e AvR †_‡K cuvP nvRvi eQi Av‡Mi cÖv‰MwZ-nvwmK hy‡M †h ivRv me‡P‡q †ewk weL¨vZ n‡q wQ‡jb, Zvui bvg fM`Ë| ÔgnvfviZÕ-G Zuvi  cwiwPwZ †`qv n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e- Ôgnvexi AR©y‡bi k‡ii AvNv‡Z wbnZ nbÕ| Ki‡Zvqvi cwðg Zx‡i grm¨ †`‡ki b„cwZ ivRv weivU wQ‡jb Zuvi mgmvgwqK| ivRv weivU‡K †MŠo-e‡½i cÖ_g HwZ- nvwmK ivRv Ges ivRv fM`ˇK †MŠnvwU-‡Kw›`ªK cÖvM‡R¨vwZlcyi Z_v iscy‡ii cÖ_g HwZnvwmK ivRv ejv nq|

2.       iscy‡i cÖ_g K…lK we‡`ªvn

msMÖvg, we‡`ªvn Avi wec­e ej‡Z evsjvi †h †Rjv‡K †evSvq ZviB bvg iscyi| Ômbœvmx-ÔdwKi we‡`ªvnÕGi †K›`ªwe›`y wQ‡jv iscyi| 1783 wLª÷v‡ãi ÔK…lK cÖRvÕ we‡`ªvn Gi Av¸bI R¡‡j D‡VwQj iscy‡i| 1946-1947 wLªóv‡ã AvKvk-evZvm Kvucv‡bv †ZfvMv Av‡›`v- j‡bi cÖvY-‡K›`ªI wQ‡jv iscy‡ii bxjdvgvix gnKzgv (AvR‡Ki †Rjv)| iscy‡ii gvbyl G‡ZvB msMÖvg-wcÖq Ges wec­ex g‡bi †h H mgq Ôjvj iscyiÕ bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡qwQj iscyi‡K| 1071 wLª÷v‡ã ivRvi AZ¨vPv‡ii wei“‡× cÖRvi cÖ_g †h we‡`ªvnwU iscy‡ii gvwU‡Z n‡qwQj †mUv cÖ_g K…lK we‡`ªvn Ges Gi bvg wQ‡jv ˆKeZ© we‡`ªvn| ˆKZe© A_© †R‡j, axei ev grm¨Rxex m¤cÖ`vq| Guiv K…wl KvRI Ki‡Zv| Guiv ivRv wØZxq gnxcv‡ji wei“‡× mk¯¿ msMÖvg K‡i gnx- cvj‡K nZ¨v K‡i| Gu‡`i †bZv w`e¨v gnxcv‡ji ˆmb¨evwnbx‡Z †mbvcwZ wQ‡jb| w`e¨v c‡i e‡i›`ªf~wgi ivRv nb| ivRavbx K‡ib ‰MwiK g„wËKvi MÖvg †Mvcvjcy‡i| w`e¨vi g„Zz¨i ci ivRv nb Zvi åvZy¯úyÎ fxg|

3.       iscy‡ii cÖ_g gnvivRv

Avgiv mvaviYZ Rvwb ZvRnv‡Ui ivRvevnv`yi †Mvcvjjvj ivq iscy‡ii cÖ_g gnvivRv| wKš‘ Zv mwVK bq| KviY, iscyi kni mn e„nËi iscy‡ii cy‡iv DËi AÂjUv GK mgq †KvPwenvi iv‡R¨i Aš—M©Z wQj| ZvB †KvPwenv‡ii iv‡R¨i Aš—©MZ wQj| ZvB †KvPwenv‡ii gnvivRvivB iscy‡ii gnvivRv| Zvu‡`i g‡a¨ whwb me©cÖ_g gnvivRv nb Zvui bvg wek¦wmsn | ZvB wek¦wmsn-B iscy‡ii cÖ_g gnvivRv| wek¦wmsn gviv hvb 1533 wLª÷v‡ã| ZLb w`wj­i mgªvU wQ‡jb ûgvDb|

4.       nhiZ †Usiv dwKi I Zvui eUMvQ

MvBevÜvi †evbvicvov †ijI‡q Rskb I dzjQwo Nv‡Ui gv‡Si †ókbwUi bvg fiZLvwj| Gi gvÎ †KvqvUvi gvBj Dˇi GKwU g‡bvig cÖK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h© fiv MÖv‡gi bvg wP_wjqv; mvNvUv Dc‡Rivi Aš—MZ©| GLv‡b Ggb GKwU AmvaviY e„¶ Av‡Q hv †`L‡j †jvK we¯§‡q Awff~Z nq| KviY, MvQwU ïay e„nr-B bq eis AmvaviY| Z‡e whwb GBeU e„¶wU †ivcb K‡ib wZwbI mvaviY gvbyl wQ‡jb bv| Avgiv cÖ_‡g Zvui cwiPq †`‡ev|

Avgiv Rvwb, iscyimn mgMÖ evsjvq Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ eû cxi-dwKi-MvDm-KzZze G‡mwQ‡jb| Zvuiv ïay Bmjv‡gi gnvb evYx wb‡qB Av‡mb wb, eis m‡½ wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb Ava¨v- wZ¥K  kw³| †mB kw³i e‡j Zvuiv bvbv †KivgwZ †`Lv‡Zb| G‡Z gvbyl gy» n‡q Bmjv‡gi kxZj cZvKv-Z‡j mgv‡eZ n‡Zv| cÖm½Z ewj,ˆRbcy‡ii gvIjvbv gyn¤§` Avjx Z`ª“c †KivgwZ †`Lv‡Z †`Lv‡Z †k‡l Zuviv bvg RbMY w`‡jv gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjx ˆRbcyix (in.)| Zvui mgvwa iscyi kn‡ii gywÝcvovq| GUv Avgiv mevB Rvwb| wKš‘ K_v n‡jv, ag©cÖPviK Ajx-AvDwjqvMY mevB wQ‡jb ewnivMZ| ‡KD G‡mwQ‡jb †KD Avie Rvnvb †_‡K, †KD ga¨-Gwkqv †_‡K, Avevi †KD fviZe‡l©i wewfbœ cÖvš— †_‡K| iscy‡ii gvbyl mvabvq wmw× jvf K‡i A‡jŠwKK ¶gZvi AwaKvix n‡qwQ‡jb, Ggb BwZnvm Av‡Q| †mB Ava¨vwZ¥K mva‡Ki bvg kvn& mywd †Usiv kvn& dwKi| Zvui Rb¥ 1500 wLª÷v‡ãi †Mvovi w`‡K| mvNvUv Dc‡Rjvi wP_wjqv MÖv‡g| wZwb we‡q K‡i msmvix nIqv GKRb mvaviY gvbyl wQ‡jb| wKš‘ wcZvi g„Zz¨i ci wZwb e`‡j †M‡jb| `ywbqvi Rxeb-msmvi-eD-ev”Pv mewKQy Zvui Kv‡Q Zz”Q g‡b n‡jv| ïi“ K‡ib Zcm¨v| Amxg mvabv K‡i wZwb Kv‡gwjqvZ AR©b Ki‡jb| Am¤¢e‡K m¤¢e Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| GK‡mi PvDj Avi GK‡mi Wvj eo †WKwP‡Z Rvj w`‡q wLuPzwo evwb‡q GKnvRvi †jvK‡K LvIqv‡Z cvi‡Zb| kZ kZ †jvK wLuPzwo Lvq wKš‘ †WKwPi wLuPzwo †kl nq bv| GKevi GK †jvK‡K nvZ-cv †eu‡a Kzqvi g‡a¨ †d‡j †`qv n‡jv, wKbZz †`Lv †Mj eÜb †Lvjv Ae¯’vq H †jvK Av‡iKUv Kzqv †_‡K †ei n‡q Avm‡Q| Zvui Gi“c †KivgwZ †`‡L ¯’vbxq Rwg`vi wegy» n‡q Zvi Rwgi LvRbv gvd K‡i w`‡Z PvB‡j wZwb e‡jb, Rwgi LvRbv bv w`‡j H Rwgi dmj nvjvj n‡e bv| c‡i Rwg`v‡ii cxovwcwo‡Z 10 weNv Rwg wb¯‹i wb‡Z eva¨ nb| ZrKvjxb mgq Rwg`v‡ii AbygwZ bv wb‡q cvKv Ni Kiv †h‡Zv bv| wZwb GKUv cvKv ûRyiLvbv wbR A‡_© wP_wjqv MÖv‡g wbgv©Y Ki‡Z PvB‡j Rwg`vi AbygwZ w`‡jb| ûRyiLvbvi mvg‡b 15KvVv dvuKv RvqMv Av‡Q| †mLv‡b cÖwZ eQi `yB C‡`i bvgvR cov nq| GB ûRyi Lvbvq †mB Kvj †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨n †gvgevwZ R¡vjv‡bv nq| f³iv †gvgevwZ †`q| wKQy gvbZ Ki‡j †mUvI c~iY nq| H mgq †Usiv kvn& dwKi GKUv eU e„‡¶i Pviv †ivcY K‡iwQ‡jb| †mB MvQUv kvLv-cÖkvLv we¯—vi K‡i Av‡Rv `vuwo‡q Av‡Q| Zvi we¯—vi 5weNv Rwg wb‡q| `~i-`~iv‡š—i †_‡K GLv‡b eû †jvK Av‡m MvQwU †`Lvi Rb¨| G ai‡bi wekvj MvQ mviv DËie‡½ wØZxq †bB| GB Mv‡QiI †KivgwZ Av‡Q| Mv‡Q kZ giv Wvj-cvjv _vK‡jI Zv KLbI So-Zzdv‡bi mgq †f‡½ c‡i bv| G mZ¨ Av‡Rv we`¨gvb| wKš‘ hLb evZvm _v‡K bv, cÖK…wZ bxie-wbðzc _v‡K, ZLb nVvr govr K‡i Wvj †f‡½ c‡o| Pjyb bv, MvQwU GK bRi †`‡L Avwm|

          Z_¨m~Î:

          Ôiscyi cÖwZfvÕ m`i“j †nv‡mb-mvNvUv,MvBevÜv|

5.       iscy‡ii cÖ_g e‡b`x Rwg`vi

ïay iscyi bq mviv e„nËi evsjvi g‡a¨ AwZ cÖvPxb Ges e‡b`x Rwg`vi MvBevÜvi eשb‡Kv‡Ui Rwg`viiv| e¸ovi cyÛyªea©‡bi R‰bK ivRv me©cÖ_g eשb‡Kv‡U Gm ivRZ¡ K‡ib| †mUv eû kZvãx eQi Av‡Mi K_v| †mB ivRv Ges ivRes‡ki BwZnvm AvR Lyu‡R cvIqv KwVb| Z‡e cieZx©Kv‡j huviv ivRZ¡ Ki‡jb ZvuivI Kg cÖvPxb bb| Gu‡`i es‡ki cÖ_g ivRvi bvg ivRv fMevb (1669)| jW© KY©Iqvwjm 1793 wLª÷v‡ã hLb wPi¯’vqxe‡›`ve¯— †NvlYv K‡ib ZLb cwiPq Kivi Rb¨ wZwb evsjvi mg¯— Rwg`vi‡`i †W‡K KjKvZvq GKUv mfv Ki‡jb| cwiPq c‡e©i mgq GK GK K‡i `vuvwo‡q Rwg`viiv wb‡R‡`i cwiPq w`‡Z jvM‡jb| eשb‡Kv‡Ui cvjv G‡j Zvi Rvwg`vi wb‡Ri cwiPq w`‡jb Gfv‡e-

                                      ÔG‡jg †g b`xqv

                                      ‡`ŠjZ †g eשgvb

                                      jvU †g bv‡Uvi

                                      eywbqv` †g nvg|Õ

A_v©r evsjvi Rwg`vi Kz‡ji g‡a¨ eשb‡Kv‡Ui Rwg`viivB AwZ cÖvPxb, AwfRvZ Ges e‡b`x| Avm‡jI ZvB| Gu‡`i AwfRv‡Z¨i bvbv w`K Av‡Q| †hgb Guiv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i c„ô‡cvl- KZv K‡i‡Qb| Ôgbmvg½jÕ Kve¨ iPwqZv Kwe wØR ivgP›`ª (1712wLª.) Ges Ôgaygvjv gbyniÕ iP-wqZv Kwe kv‡Ki gvgy` (1772wL.) eשb‡Kv‡Ui ivRv‡`i Drmv‡n Ges c„ô‡cvlKZvq Kve¨ iPbv K‡i weL¨vZ n‡qwQ‡jb ga¨hy‡M|

eשb‡Kv‡Ui KvQvKvwQ Ki‡Zvqv we‡aŠZ MÖvg Kvgw`qv| GB GjvKvq Avw`evmx mvuIZvj ‡`i GK mvuIZvj Kb¨vi i“c-jve‡Y¨ gy» n‡q Zvui †cÖ‡g c‡owQ‡jb eשb‡Kv‡Ui ivRKzgvi P›`ª- wK‡kvi| G wb‡q A‡bK evav-wecwË| wKš‘ ivRKzgvi‡K wKQy‡ZB `gv‡bv hvqwb| †k‡l wZwb we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb †mB e­vK WvqgÛ mvuIZvj †g‡qwU‡K| GB ivRes‡ki †l Rwg`vi wQ‡jb Kzgvi ˆk‡jk -P›`ª| ZvuiB wcZv P›`ªwK‡kvi| P›`ªwK‡kv‡ii åvZvi bvg †Mvwe›`wK‡kvi | eשb‡Kv‡Uii bvg e`j n‡q c‡i †Mvwe›`MÄ n‡jv GB †Mvwe›` wK‡kv‡ii bv‡g| eשb‡Kv‡Ui ivRevwo 1965 wLª÷v‡ã n‡jv †Mvwe›`MÄ K‡jR| GLv‡b Ô`yamvMiÕ Ges Ôi³mvMiÕ bv‡g `ywU weivU m‡ivei Av‡Q| eשb‡Kv‡Ui Rwg`vievwo iscyi kn‡i mvwK©U nvD‡mi Dëvw`‡K| Av‡M eשY‡KvU Kvc B›Uvi ¯‹zj †Ljv n‡Zv| GB ivRes‡ki mš—vbiv AvR ¯’vqx wVKvbv Lyu‡R wb‡q‡Qb ûMjx †Rjvi e¨v‡Ûj †ij-‡ók‡bi Kv‡Q jvUevMvb bvgK ¯’v‡b|

          Z_¨m~Î

          * History of Bardhankut Raj Faamily- †jLK. jvU evMv‡b emevmKvix eשb‡KvU ivRevwoi m`m¨|

6.      iscy‡ii cÖ_g Bs‡iR kvmK

Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i Kj‡g mvwnZ¨ m„wó nq `yÕfv‡e| M`¨vKv‡i Ges c`¨vKv‡i| c`¨ mvwnZ¨ cÖvPxb mvwnZ¨| †mB mvwn‡Z¨i g‡a¨ cyuw_ GKwU we‡kl ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q| cyuw_ A_© n¯—wjwLZ cÖvPxb eB| Kweiv cyuw_ wjL‡Zb Zzjv †_‡K ˆZix ZzjU KvM‡R|

iscyi cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB Kwei msL¨v AMwYZ| ga¨hy‡M eû cyuy_ mvwn‡Z¨i Kwei mÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q| Gu‡`i g‡a¨ wn›`y Ges gymwjg DfqB Av‡Qb| ZrKvjxb mg‡q mvwnZ¨ PP©vi welq-e¯‘ wQ‡jv g~jZ ag©-‡Kw›`ªK Ges ivR-ivRov‡`i cÖksmv MxZ| ivRv-ev`kvnivB ZLb Kwe‡`i c„ô‡cvlKZv Ki‡Zb, kª×v Ki‡Zb Ges A_© w`‡Zb| ÔPÛxKv weRqÕ Kve¨MÖš’ iPwqZv Kwe  Kgj- ‡jvPb| Ô‡Mvmvbxg½jÕ iPwqZv ÔivavK…ò ˆeòeÕ, ÔimK`¤^Õ iPwqZv Kwe ej­f, Ôgbmvg½jÕ iPwqZv wØR ivgP›`ª, Ôgaygvjv gbyniÕ iPwqZv Kwe kv‡Ki gvgy`, ÔmZ¨cxiÕ iPwqZv Zvwni gvgy`, ÔwbRvg cvMjvi †K”PvÕ iPwqZv Kwe gyn¤§` Kvjv, Ôimyj weRqÕ iPwqZv Kwe †Mvjvg im~j (w`jvj- cyi,e`iMÄ) Ges  MvRxKvjy P¤úveZxÕ cyuyw_i iPwqZv †Lv`veKª Guiv mevB ga¨hy‡Mi ¯^bvgab¨ Kwe| Ges mevB e„nËi iscy‡ii Av‡jvwKZ mš—vb| Z‡e Gu‡`i mvwi‡Z hvui bvg mevi Dc‡i ZviB bvg Kwe nvqvr gvgy` (1680wL.)| Zvu‡K ga¨hy‡Mi †kªô Kwe ejv nq| Kwei Rb¥ iscyi cxiMÄ Dc‡Rjvq| Mªv‡gi bvg Suvowewkjv| wcZvi bvg Kwei gvgy`| wZwb Ava¨vwZ¥K mvaK Kwe wQ‡jb| Avi wQ‡jb Kv‡`wiqv ZwiKvi Abymvix| iwPZ Kve¨MÖš’ ÔR½bvgvÕ,me©‡f`evYx, wnZÁvbevbxÕ Ges ÔAvw¤^qvevYxÕ| Zvui Kve¨ MÖ‡š’ Bmjvg a‡g©i †cÖiYv, wnZ Dc‡`k Ges bxwZ- K_vi evYx †ewk cwijw¶Z nq| †hgb, GK RvqMvq wZwb wj‡L‡Qb-

                                                Ôhvi we`¨v bvB bv Rv‡b fvj g›`

                                      wk‡i `yB P¶z Av‡Q Zey&I †m AÜÕ|

8.     AwMœKb¨v Rq`yM©v †`ex‡PŠayivYx I Zvui exiZ¡

iscy‡ii BwZnv‡m me©Kv‡ji me©‡kªó exibvix Rq`yM©v †`ex‡PŠayivYx| Zvui mvnm, exiZ¡ Ges †`k‡cÖg AZzjbxq| ZrKvjxb fviZe‡l©i eo eo Rwg`v‡iiv hLb Bs‡iR kvmK‡`i AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi K‡i ivRv,gnvivRv, Lvbevnv`yi, ivRvevnv`yi Dcvwa wb‡q wbwe©‡Nœ my‡L-kvwš—‡Z evm KiwQj  ZLb bMY¨msL¨K †`k‡cÖwgK I ¯^vaxbZv-wcqvmx Rwg`vi Bs‡iR kvm‡bi wei“‡× we‡`ªvnx n‡q D‡V| Rq`yM©v †`ex‡PŠayivYx wQ‡jb Zvu‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb| wZwb wQ‡jb iscyi gš’Yv ciMYvi (cxiMvQvi) e‡b`x Rwg`vi b‡i›`ªbvivqY ivq‡PŠayixi ¯¿x| ¯^vgxi g„Zz¨i ci wZwb Rwg`vi n‡jb| Zvui Rb¥¯’vb KvDwbqvi Kzk©v evgbcvov MÖv‡g|

1783 wLª÷v‡ã iscyi AvKvk evZvm Kuvcv‡bv ÔKu…lK-cÖRv we‡`ªv‡nÕ wZwb wQ‡jb Ab¨Zg †bÎx| G Av‡›`vj‡b Ab¨vb¨ hvuiv †bZ…Z¡ †`b Zuviv n‡jb beve b~i“Ïxb gyn¤§` ev‡Ki R½, ivRv fevbx cvVK, ivRv `qvjP›`ª kxj, gymv kvn& dwKi, K…cvbv_, wkeP›`ª ivq ‡PŠayix cÖgyL| Bs‡iRiv beve b~i“Ïxb‡K †hgb ej‡Zv ¯^-‡NvwlZ beve †Zgwb †`ex‡PŠayivYx‡K ej‡Zv `m~¨ivYx| GUv Avmj mZ¨‡K Pvcv †`qvi GKUv †Póv|

‡`ex‡PŠayivYx GgbB GK Wvbwc‡U e½Kb¨v wQ‡jb, whwb Zievwi Pvj‡Z Rvb‡Zb, †Nvovi wc‡V mIqvi n‡Z Rvb‡Zb Ges Rwg`vix Pvjv‡Z wQ‡jb my`¶| Bs‡iR Avµg‡bi nvZ †_‡K wb‡R‡K i¶vi Rb¨ me©`v †bŠKvq evm Ki‡Zb| m‡½ _vK‡Zv `vm`vmx| Zvu‡`i wZwb †eZb w`‡Zb| †k‡l cxiMvQvq GK gv‡V mb¥yL hy‡× knx` n‡jb| wKš‘ Bs‡iR evwnbxi Kv‡Q gv_v bZ K‡ibwb wKsev c„ôcÖ`k©b K‡i cvwj‡q hvbwb| m‡½ knx` n‡jb Zvui KwbôåvZv †Kó wK‡kvi †PŠayix| w`bwU wQj 18 GwcÖj, e„n¯úwZevi, 1783wLªóvã|

Ôhy‡×i gvVwUi bvg c‡i n‡jv ÔbvBPÛxi gvVÕ| bv cvB A_© cvi‡jb bv| †n‡i †M‡jb| Avi PÛxgv †`ex‡PŠayivYx| MÖv‡gi mvaviY Awkw¶Z cÖRviv Zuv‡K PÛxgv e‡j m‡b¥vab Ki‡Zb| Av‡Rv bvcvBPÛxi gv‡V †`ex‡PŠayivYxi g„Zz¨‡K ¯§iY K‡i GKwU †gjv e‡m| ˆekvL gv‡mi cÖ_g e„ntevi

‡`ex‡PŠayivYxi g„Zz¨i 100 eQi ci ew¼gP›`ª P‡Uªvcva¨q ¯¿x ivRj¶x †`ex‡K m‡½ wb‡q iscyi G‡jb †`ex‡PŠayivYxi Z_¨-DcvË msMÖn Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨| KviY G ai‡bi GKRb †ZR¯^x I †`k‡cÖwgK bvix‡K Dcb¨v‡mi †fZi Agi KivB Zvui gyj j¶¨| wKš‘ †h‡nZz wZwb wQ‡jb †WcywU g¨vwR‡÷ªU,miKvix PvKz‡i,ZvB B‡”Q _vKv m‡Z¡&I A‡bK NUbv wjL‡Z cvi‡jb bv| hv wKQy wjL‡jb AvKvi Bw½‡Z| Z‡e MÖš’wUi bvg ivL‡jb Ô‡`ex‡PŠayivYxÕ (1884)| ew¼gevey †`ex †PŠayivYx‡Z w`ev I wbwk bv‡g †h `yÕRb gwnjvi bvg wj‡L‡Pb, Gu‡`i cÖK…Z bvg cweÎv I AjKv| Guiv †`ex‡PŠayivYxi †eZbfyK mnPi wQ‡jb| wKš‘ Guiv Gbv‡gi †jv‡f Bs‡iR‡`i ¸ßPiwMwi K‡i K…lK-cÖRv we‡`ªv‡ni civRq NUvq| c‡i GB `yB wek¦vmNvZK AjKv cyi¯‹vi ¯^i“c cvq KvwKbvi Rwg`vix, Avi cweÎv cvq evgbWv½vi Rwg`vix| nvq`vi Avjx †PŠayix A‡bK cwikªg I mvabv K‡i Zvui Abb¨ M‡elYvg~jK Ôcjvkx hy‡×vËi Avhv`x msMÖv‡gi cv`cxVÕ MÖ‡š’ G mg¯— Z_¨ Avgv‡`i Dcnvi w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb wj‡L‡QbÔGB `yB bvix wbtmš—vb wQ‡jb| cv‡ci dj ¯^i“c AvRxeb gv n‡Z cv‡ibwbÕ| Rwg`vix jvf K‡i nvwZi wc‡V P‡o AjKv KvwKbv †_‡K iscyi G‡j, Zv †`‡L H mgq MÖv‡gi mvaviY gvbyl wZi¯‹vi K‡i e‡jwQ‡jv-

ÔAjKv bUxi Kcvj fv‡jv

nvwËZ Pwo Agcyi †M‡jv|

(iscy‡ii ev‡n fvlvq iscyi‡K Agcyi e‡j)

Gevi GKwU Ab¨iKg Av‡jvPbv| †K.Gg.ivBQDwÏb Lvb GKLvbv BwZnvm MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| bvg Ôevsjv‡`k BwZnvm cwiµgvÕ| MÖš’wU D”Pgva¨wgK †_‡K Gg.G. K¬v‡mi QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i cvV¨| †mLv‡b Bs‡iR †jd‡Ub¨v›U †eªbv‡bi DׄwZ w`‡q wZwb †`ex‡PŠayivYxi cÖm‡½ 558 c„ôvq wj‡L‡Qb,Ôfevbx cvV‡Ki m‡½ †`ex‡PŠayivYxi †hvMv‡hvM wQj| †`ex †PŠayivYx †bŠKvq _vK‡Zb Ges †eZb‡fvMx eû AbyPi ivL‡Zb| Zvui AbyPiMY A‡¯¿ k‡¯¿ mw¾Z _vK‡Zv| wZwb WvKvwZ Ki‡Zb| fevbx cvV‡Ki WvKvwZ‡ZI Zvui Ask _vK‡Zv| †`ex‡PŠayivbx m¤¢eZ evOvjx wQ‡jb| †eªbv‡bi g‡Z, Ô‡`ex‡PŠayivYxÕ Dcvwa †_‡K eySv hvq, wZwb GKRb Rwg`vi wQ‡jb| wZwb Aek¨B my›`ix wQ‡jb|

‡`ex‡PŠayivYx evOvjx wQ‡jb GUv wVK Av‡Q| †`ex‡PŠayivYx Rwg`vi wQ‡jb GUv wVK Av‡Q| wZwb †bŠKvq evm Ki‡Zb GUvI wg_¨v bq| GLb cÖkœ n‡jv, WvKvwZ K‡i ciab AcniYB ev K‡ib †Kb ? fevbx cvV‡Ki bv‡gi AMÖ †_‡K ivRv kãwU gy‡Q †djv n‡q‡Q| GKB †KŠkj, ivRv wjL‡j †Zv `m~¨ ejv hvq bv| wKš‘ Avgiv Rvwb, KzwoMÖv‡gi dzj Lvu PvKjvi Rwg`vi wQ‡jb ivRv fevbx cvVK| ZvuiB bv‡gi ¯§„wZ‡Z fv¯^i AvR‡Ki ivRvinvU Dc‡Rjv| Avi †mLv‡b cvVKcvovq Av‡Rv emevm Ki‡Qb ivRv fevbx cvV‡Ki Aat¯—b eskaiMY|

fvi‡Zi AvRv`x msMÖv‡g eû †`k‡cÖwgK fviZ- mš—vb Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb, dvuwm‡Z Szwj‡q g„Zz¨eiY K‡i knx` n‡q‡Qb| Zvu‡`i g‡a¨ BwZnvm-L¨vZ K‡qKwU bvg n‡jv wZZzgxi, fMrwmsn, ¶zw`ivg, cÖdzj­ PvKx (iscyi), Iqvwj`v` gyn¤§` (iscyi), m~h©‡mb, cÖxwZjZv, Ges Svuwmi ivYx j¶xevB| Zvu‡`i bvg BwZnv‡mi cvZvq †mvbv A¶‡i †jLv n‡q‡Q| †mB mvwiiB GKwU AZz¨¾j bvg †`ex‡PŠayivYx| wKš‘ AZ¨š— cwiZv‡ci welq †h, fviZe‡l©i AvRv`x jv‡fi 61eQi ci AvR 2012wLª÷v‡ãI BwZnvm MÖ‡š’i cvZvq †`k‡cÖwgK wec­ex AwMœKb¨v †`ex‡PŠayivYx‡K WvKvZ e‡j Zuv‡K Am¤§vb Kiv n‡”Q| Avi AvaywbK BwZnvmwe`MY Bs‡iR †jLK‡`i †jLviB DׄwZ w`‡q P‡j‡Qb Zuv‡`i †jLvq| Gg mg¯— gbMov, wg_¨v, D‡Ïk¨-cÖ‡Yvw`Z BwZnvm ms‡kvab K‡i eZ©gvb cÖR‡b¥i QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i mvg‡b mwVK BwZnvm Zz‡j aiv `iKvi| Z`m‡½ BwZnvm eB †_‡K Kjw¼Z BwZnv‡mi c„ôv¸‡jv wQu‡o UzK‡iv UzK‡iv K‡i Wvówe‡b †djv cÖ‡qvRb|

‡K.Gg.ivBQDwÏb Lv‡bi MÖ‡š’ †h †jLv n‡q‡Q, †`ex‡PŠayivYx evOvwj bv AevOvwj GUv †eªbvb mv‡ne Rv‡bb bv| wKš‘ †`ex‡PŠayivYx Aek¨B my›`ix wQ‡jb GUv wZwb Rvb‡jb wK K‡i? Zvn‡j wK †eªbvb mv‡ne nvivMv‡Qi aygb`xi evu‡K †`ex †PŠayivYx‡K GK SjK †`‡LwQ‡jb, hLb †`ex‡PŠayivYx †bŠKvq K‡i hvw”Q‡jb?

9.      Awj-‡kªô gvIjvbv ‡KivgZ Avjx ˆRbc~ix (in.)

nhiZ gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjx ˆRbcyix (in.) Gi Rb¥ fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`‡ki ˆRbcy‡i 1800wLª&÷v‡ã| wKš‘ Bmjvgag© cÖPvi Ges a‡g©i cÖPvi Ges a‡g©i we`vZ weZvo‡bi Rb¨ Zvui AvMgb evsjvq|

my`xN© 51wU eQi evsjvq †_‡K evsjvi gvby‡l‡K wZwb G‡Zv fvj‡e‡m †d‡jwQ‡jb †h wZwb Avi ¯^‡`‡k wd‡i hvbwb| †kl Rxe‡b 73eQi eq‡m iscy‡i G‡m ej‡jb, Zvui g„Zz¨i ci Zvu‡K †h‡bv iscy‡ii gvwU‡Z mgvwnZ Kiv nq| Avm‡j iscy‡ii AwZ mij mv`v-wmav gvbyl¸‡jvi e¨envi-gvay‡h© gy» n‡q wZwb Ggb B”Qv cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb| GUv iscy‡ii gvbyl‡`i cig †mŠfvM¨ †h gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjx (in.)-Gi g‡Zv GKRb Avj­vni Awj iscy‡i wPiwb`ªvq kvwqZ i‡q‡Qb| G‡Z iscy‡ii gvwUI ab¨|

gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjx (in.) wQ‡jb GKRb weØvb AvDwjqv Ges bvbv ¸‡Yi AwaKvix Kv‡gj cxi| wZwb AmsL¨ MÖ‡š’i bw›`Z †jLL| Zvui wjwLZ MÖ‡š’i msL¨v cÖvq 50wU| gvÎ 19eQi eq‡m wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb ÔwgdZvûj RvbœvZÕ bv‡gi MÖš’ D`©y‡Z| GB ÁvbMf© MÖš’wU c‡i gymwjg we‡k¦ Qwo‡q c‡o| Abyw`Z nq 18wU fvlvq| GB MÖš’¸‡jv wQj Zuvi Av‡qi Drm| ZvQvov, nv‡Z †jLv KziAvb wewµ K‡iI DcvR©b n‡Zv| Zvui n¯—wjwc wQj gy³vi g‡Zv SKS‡K| GKwU PvD‡ji Dci wZwb cyiv m~iv GLjvm I Zvui bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡Zb| A_©vr wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb wkíx | esk gh©v`vi w`K w`‡qI wZwb m¤£vš—| Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g Lwjdv nhiZ nhiZ Avey eKi (iv.)-Gi 35-Zg Aat¯—b cyi“l wQ‡jb wZwb| wZwb wbqwgZ e¨vqvg Ki‡Zb Ges Kyw¯—we`¨vq cvi`kx© wQ‡jb| Zievix Pvjv‡ZI wQ‡jb my`¶| K_vq e‡j ÔmrKv‡R k‡ZK evavÕ GUv wZwb Abyaveb Ki‡Zb| Bmjv‡gi wZb Lwjdv kµi nv‡Z wbnZ n‡q‡Qb| ZvuiI kµi †kl †bB| ZvB AvZ¥i¶vi Rb¨ Zvu‡K meiKg we`¨v wkL‡Z n‡q‡Q| jvwV †LjvI Rvb‡Zb| 1857 wLª÷v‡ã wmcvnx wec­e hy‡×i mgq wZwb ¯^n‡¯— Zievwi Pvwj‡q Bs‡iR‡`i wei“‡× hy× K‡i‡Qb| Ggb Kx wec‡¶i Zievwii AvNv‡Z wZwb AvnZ n‡qwQ‡jb| gv_vi wcQ‡b AvNvZ †j‡M ¶‡Zi m„wó nq| †mB ¶‡Z Avi KLbB Pzj MRvqwb | ZvB cvMwo c‡i me©`v H ¶Z †Xu‡K ivL‡Zb|

wKš‘ wZwb wQ‡jb gvbeZvev`x gnvcyi“l| b¨vq Ges Ab¨vq Ávb wQij Zvui g‡a¨ cÖLi| wmcvnx wec­e hy‡×i mgq wec­exiv hLb Bs‡iR‡`i nZ¨v Kiv ïi“ Ki‡jv, ZLb wZwb `yBRb Bs‡iR bvix‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z †`bwb| wbi¯¿ GB wbiciva gwnjv‡`i AvU‡K †i‡L c‡i Bs‡iR‡`i nv‡Z Zz‡j †`b| GB fvj Kv‡Ri GKwU fvj djI wZwb c‡i †c‡qwQ‡jb| wmcvnx wec­e hy‡× Bs‡iRiv Rqx n‡j gvIjvbv mv‡ne e›`x n‡jb| Zvu‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z wb‡q hvIqvi mgq H `yB Bs‡iR gwnjv G‡m Zvui Rxeb evPvuq| Gici gvIjvbv mv‡ne Avi Bs‡iR‡`i wec‡¶ hvbwb| Av‡cvm K‡i Zvu‡`i mwnZ eÜzZ¡ K‡ib| Avi fvi‡Zi gymwjg‡`i D‡Ï‡k d‡Zvqv †bb, fviZel© `vjj Avgvb (wbivc` Avevm¯’j) A_©vr ag©Kg© Ki‡Z Bs‡iRiv KvD‡K evav †`q bv| ZvB weªwUk kvm‡bi wei“‡× †Rnv` Kiv kixqZ m¤§Z bq|

gv&Ijvbv †KivgZ Avjx (in.) wQ‡jb fviZe‡l©i cÖL¨vZ Av‡jg ˆmq` Avng` †eªjfxi wkl¨| ¸i“i wb‡`©‡k wZwb ag©cÖPvi I ms¯‹v‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ evsjvq Av‡mb| ZLb evsjvi gymwjg‡`i g‡a¨ bvbv we`vZ †Q‡q wM‡qwQj| cxic~Rv Avi Keic~Rv wb‡q gMœ _vK‡Zv| wn›`y Ges gymwjg‡`i  bv‡g †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB| G‡Z †evSv hvq bv †K gymwjg ,Avi †K wn›`y| ZvB †Q‡j‡`i bv‡gi A‡MÖ gyn¤§` Ges †g‡q‡`i bv‡gi A‡MÖ gymv¤§r †jLvi wbqg Pvjy K‡ib| Zvui eû gywi` wQj Avmv‡g| †mLvbKvi †jv‡Kiv cÖvq Aa© Dj½ _vK‡Zv| Kvco ej‡Z Zviv †jswU ci‡Zv| wZwb eû jy½x Ges _vb Kvco wK‡b Zvu‡`i g‡a¨ wd« e›Ub K‡i G Amf¨ gvbyl¸‡jv‡K mf¨ K‡ib| Z‡e mg¯— evsjvq Zvi AmsL¨ gywi` wQj| me‡P‡q †ekx gywi` wQ‡jv h‡kvi, bw`qv, gywk©`vev`, dwi`cyi Ges †bvqvLvwj‡Z| †bvqvLvwj‡Z gv`ªvmv †ekx, †gŠjfx gvIjvbv †ewk e‡j Avgiv Rvwb| G Ae`vb gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjxi | H hy‡M †bvqvLvjx‡K ejv n‡Zv `k nvRvi gvIjvbvi †`k | †mLv‡b wZwb eû gv`ªvmv cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb|

‡bvqvLvwji GK cxi AvRgx kvn‡i m‡½ nhiZ gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjxi cwiPq  nq| c‡i Zvi Kb¨v‡K wZwb we‡q K‡ib| †mB ¯¿xi mš—vbiv Av‡Rv esk ci¤úivq †bvqvLvjx‡Z evm K‡ib| Iu‡`i MÖv‡gi bvg Qbyqv| ZvB Qbyqv cxi bv‡gB Iuiv cwiwPZ Ges weL¨vZ | GB Qbyqv cx‡ii evwo‡Z Avgvi GKevi hvIqvi my‡hvM n‡qwQj| cÖm½µ‡g †mB md‡ii Dci Gevi GKUz Av‡jvK -cvZ Ki‡ev|

Qbyqv cxi mv‡n‡ei GKcyÎ dvi“K Avgvi mncvVx wQj XvKv K‡j‡R| Avgiv `yÕR‡bB b_© †nv‡÷‡j _vKZvg| Ii †ev‡bi we‡q‡Z Avgv‡K `vIqvZ Ki‡jv| ÔMÖxb G¨v‡ivÕ a‡i jvKmvg †Mjvg| Zvici Mvwo e`j K‡i †jvqvLvjxi †MU bv‡g L¨vZ †mvbvBgywo †÷kb cvi n‡q eRiv †÷kb cvi n‡q eRiv †ók‡b bvgjvg| Zvici gvÎ 15wgwb‡Ui c_| †n‡UB †cŠQvjvg Qbyqv cxi mv‡n‡ei evwo| AwZ my›`i cvKv evwo, evB‡i KvPvwi Ni| evwoi mvg‡b cÖPzi bvwi‡Kj MvQ| my›`i `„k¨| dvi“K Avgv‡K †mvRv evwoi wfZ‡i wb‡q †Mj| cx‡ii evwo n‡jI Giv †ek AvaywbK| †eviKv e¨envi Ki‡jI †g‡qiv †m‡K‡j bq| we‡qevwo‡Z A‡bK †jvKR‡bi mgvMg n‡q‡Q| AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡b fiv| ILv‡b Rvb‡Z cvijvg weL¨vZ A_©bxwZwe` W.Gg.Gb.û`vi (c~e©cvwK¯—v‡bi MfY©i n‡qwQ‡jb c‡i) ¯¿x G‡m‡Qb| dvi“K ej‡jv, Avgvi dzcv‡Zv †evb|

          ZLb Avwg wR‡Ám Kijvg,Ô‡Zvgvi dzcv †K ?

          Dˇi ej‡jv,Ô‡K‡bv, ZwgRDwÏb LvbÕ|

H hy‡M ZwgRDwÏb Lvb‡K †K bv wP‡b| mviv cvwK¯—v‡bibvgKiv e¨w³  dwi`cy‡i evwo| cwK¯—vb RvZxq cwil‡`i ¯úxKvi wQ‡jb| Zvui bvZbx A_©vr W.Gg.Gb.û`vi GK Kb¨v‡K c‡i we‡q Ki‡jb AvR‡Ki weL¨vZ A_©bxwZwe` W. Iqvwn` DwÏb gvngy`| Iqvwn`DwÏb gvngy` GKRb AmvaviY †gavex QvÎ wQ‡jb| 1963 wLª÷v‡ã gva¨wgK cix¶vq Kzwgj­v †ev‡W© cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| ZvuiI evox †bvqvLvjx| XvKv K‡j‡Ri QvÎ wQ‡jb| Avgv‡`i GK K¬vk wmwbqi| gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjxi †kvwYZaviv †Kv_vq Kxfv‡e wM‡q‡Q, cvVK‡`i Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ ˆeevwnK m¤ú©‡Ki welqUv GLv‡b Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv|

gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjx †bŠKvq Pjv‡div Ki‡Zb| Zvui †bŠKvi eni wQj| GKwU eo eRivq wZwb Ges Zvui mvM‡i`MY/mvnvevMY _vK‡Zb| Aci †bŠKvq _vK‡Zb Zvui ¯¿x Ges Ab¨vb¨ gwnjviv| GKwU †bŠKv wQj åvg¨gvb gv`ªvmv| Avi Aci †bŠKvq PvKi-evKi I cvPK| †mB †bŠKvq ivbœv evbœv  n‡Zv| H hy‡M Zvi ˆ`wbK evRvi LiP n‡Zv 100 UvKv| †mB UvKv †Kv_v n‡Z Avm‡Zv †KD Rv‡bbv| gywi`‡`i KvQ †_‡K wZwb †Kv‡bv UvKv cqmv wb‡Zb bv| ZvB †jv‡K ejvewj Ki‡Zv, Zvu‡K UvKv w`Z R¡xb-cixiv|

iscy‡i wZ¯—v b`x‡Z hLb †bŠKv wfo‡Zv, ZLb gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjx mv‡ne‡K cvéx‡Z gywÝcvovq Avbv n‡Zv| gywÝcvov Zvi wcÖq RvqMv| Rxe‡bi †kl cÖv‡š— wZwb gywÝcvovq _vKvi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡ib| ZvB Kiv n‡jv| g„Zz¨i ci Zv‡K gywÝcvovq mgvwa¯’ Kiv n‡jv| Zvi g„Zz¨i GKgvm c‡i Zvui ¯¿xi B‡š—Kvj Ki‡jb| `yÕR‡b cvkvcvwk wPiwb`ªvq kvwqZ Av‡Qb| Zuv‡`i  mgvwai Dci cieZx© Kv‡j GKwU PgrKvi gmwR` wbg©vY Kiv n‡jv| hvi bvg †KivgwZqv gmwR`| cÖwZeQi iweDj AvDqvj gv‡mi 10.11.12ZvwiL GB gmwR‡` cÖv½‡Y Dim (g„Zz¨ evwl©wK) D`hvwcZ nq| `~i-`~ivš—‡_‡K cÖPzi †jvK Ii‡mi mgq Av‡m| Av‡M Avmvg †_‡KI f³iv Avm‡Zv| cvm©‡cvU-wfmvi Sv‡gjvi Rb¨ GLb Zviv Av‡mb bv| Z‡e gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjxi bvwZ gvIjvbv Avãym mvjvg ‰Rbcyixi gvRvi| Z‡e gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjxi eo †Q‡j nhiZ nv‡dR Avng‡`i gvRvi XvKv PKevRvi gmwR‡`i †`vZvjvq| 

10.    iscy‡ii cÖ_g nvmcvZvj I cÖ_g miKvix Wv³vi

wk¶vq-`x¶vq, Áv‡b-cÖÁvq, `v‡b-Ae`v‡b KzÛx ciMYvi Rwg`viivB iscy‡ii Rwg`vi‡`i †P‡q †kªô| GB es‡ki mgvRwn‰Zlx Rwg`vi ivR‡gvnb ivq †PŠayix me©cÖ_g 1840 wLª÷v‡ã iscy‡i GKwU `vZe¨ wPwKrmvjq ¯’vcb K‡ib| weªwUk miKvi ïay LvRbvB wb‡q‡Q wKš‘ Rb‡mevi Rb¨ hv K‡i‡Q Zv AwZ bMY¨| ZLb g¨v‡jwiq Ges KvjvR¡‡i Anin †jvK gviv †h‡Zv| GK cwimsL¨v‡b Rvbv hvq1872 wLª÷v‡ã iscyi K‡jivq gviv hvq 2016 Rb, emš— †iv‡M 95 Rb Ges KvjvR¡‡i 6409 Rb, emš— †iv‡M 95Rb Ges KvjvR¡‡i 6409 Rb| mviv iscyi †Rjvq wWm‡cbmvix wQ‡jv gvÎ 6wU gvwnMÄ, KvwKbv, Dwjcyi, evZvmb(e`iMÄ), iscyi Ges fevbxM‡Ä (MvBevÜvq)| cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq GUv wQj AcÖZzj| GB mgš— wWm‡cbmvixi wmsnfvM e¨q enb Ki‡Zv Rwg`viv| 1872 wLª÷v‡ã GB 6wU wWm‡cbmvix‡Z †gvU e¨q n‡qwQj 7450UvKv| Gi 5100UvKv Av‡m Rwg`vi‡`i †`qv Aby`vb †_‡K| evwK 2350 UvKv †`q miKvi | iscyii gvbyl me©cÖ_g miKvwi Wv³v‡ii gyL †`‡L 1863 wLª÷v‡ã| H mgq iscyi‡K ejv n‡Zv hgcyi | hg A_© g„Zz¨`yZ| abx-wba©b, ivRv-cÖRv †KD-B G †iv‡Mi nvZ n‡Z i¶v †c‡Zv bv| G-Lei Kv‡iv ARvbv bq| KjKvZvI †cuŠ‡QwQ‡jv| Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMiI Rvb‡Zb| H mgq GK Zi“Y †gwWK¨vj K‡jR †_‡K Gg.we cvk K‡i Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvM‡ii Kv‡Q G‡jb Avkx©ev` wb‡Z| ZLb we`¨vmvMi ej‡jb, ÔWv³vi †Zv n‡j, Gevi gvbe‡mevq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡iv| Z‡e gvbe‡mev hw` Ki‡Z PvI, †mB †`‡k hvI, †hLv‡b Wv³vi †bB|

          ZLb bexb Wv³vi Rvb‡Z PvB‡jbÔ‡mUv †Kvb †`‡kÕ?

          we`¨vmvMi ej‡jb, Ô‡mB †`‡ki bvg iscyi|

c‡i mwZ¨ mwZ¨ †mB Zi“Y Wv³vi `iLv¯— w`‡q hLb PvKwi ‡c‡jb, ZLb KZ©„c¶‡K ej‡jb, Zvu‡K †hb iscy‡i †cvwós †`qv nq| KZ…©c¶ Zvui K_v ïb‡jb| wZwb G‡m nvwRi n‡jb iscy‡i| iscy‡ii †mB cÖ_g miKvwi Wv³v‡ii bvg ZvwiYxPiY gRyg`vi|

11.    cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖ_g e½vbyev`

Avgiv mevB †R‡b AvmwQ, fvB wMwikP›`ª †mb wn›`y n‡qI cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖ_g e½vbyev` K‡i gymwjg mgvR‡K AevK K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| Ges Zuvi bvgwU †mvbvi A¶‡i †jLv n‡q †M‡Q| fvB wMwikP›`ª Gi evwo Avgv‡`i evsjv‡`‡k| AvR‡Ki biwms`x †Rjvaxb cvuP‡`vbv MÖv‡g| 1881wLª. †_‡K 1886wLª. ch©š— 6 eQi AK¬vš— cwikªg G mvabv K‡i KziAv‡bi evsjv Abyev` K‡ib| G Rb¨ Zvu‡K Aviwe fvlv wkL‡Z n‡qwQj| Aviwe fvlv I Bmjvgx ag©kv¯¿ cv‡Vi Rb¨ wZwb j‡¶èŠ wM‡qwQ‡jb| Zvuvi AmvaviY K‡g©i Rb¨ gymjgvbiv Zv‡K Ôwn›`y †gŠjexÕ ej‡Zv|

wKš‘ cieZx©Kv‡j Rvbv †M‡jv wZwb cÖ_g bb, Zvui Av‡MI KziAv‡bi Abyev` Kiv n‡qwQj| wKš‘ †mUv †jvKP¶zi Aš—iv‡j XvKv c‡o wM‡qwQj| †mB Abyev`wU K‡iwQ‡jb AvwgiDÏxb emywbqv 1866 wLª÷v‡ã| A_©vr fvB wMwikP‡›`ªi Abyev‡`i 20eQi Av‡M| Z‡e emywbqv cyiv KziAv‡bi Abyev` K‡ibwb, wZwb K‡iwQ‡jb Avgcvivi Abyev`| Avi †m Abyev` wQ‡jv c`¨vKv‡i| AvwgiDwÏb emywbqv wQ‡jb iscy‡ii gvbyl| Zvui evwo M½vPov Dc‡Rjvaxb gUKcy‡i| G Z_¨wU Avgiv me©cÖ_g Rvb‡Z cvijvg iscy‡ii weM× BwZnvm-M‡elK Wv.gwZDi ingvb embxqv iwPZ 1973-G cÖKvwkZÔiscyi cwiwPwZÕ MÖš’ †_‡K|

Z‡e c~e©e‡½i cÖ_g gymwjg whwb me©cÖ_g cyiv KziAvb kix‡di evsjv Abyev` K‡ib wZwbI iscy‡ii gvbyl| Zvi bvg Lvbevnv`yi ZmwjgDwÏb Avng` (1852-1927wLª.)| 10cviv K‡i wZb LÛ cÖKvk K‡ib| mgq jv‡M 12 eQi| GB AmvaviY KvRwUi Rb¨ wZwb ¯§iYxq I eiYxq n‡q Av‡Qb|

12.    iscyi †cŠimfvi L¨vwZgvb †Pqvig¨vbMY

iscyi †cŠimfvi bvg ej‡Z †M‡jB Kj‡gi AvMvq Avcbv †_‡KB `yÕwU bvg G‡m hvq me©v‡MÖ| GK, wWgjv ciMYvi Rwg`vi ivRv RvbKxej­f †mb Ges `yB, G¨vW‡fv‡KU gvnvZve DwÏb Lvb| gvnvZveDwÏbLvb my`xN© 35 eQi a‡i iscyi †cŠimfvi fvBm †Pqvig¨vb I †Pqvig¨v‡bi c` AjK…Z K‡iY| Zvui evmv wQ‡jv KvgvjKvQbvq| wbt¯^v_© Rb‡mevi Rb¨ iscyi knievmx‡`i ü`‡q wZwb wPi¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Qb| Avi ivRv RvbKxej­f †m‡bi `vb Ae`v‡bi †Zv ZzjbvB nqbv| Zvu evMvbevwoUvB wZwb †cŠimfvi Rb¨ `vb K‡i Agi n‡q iB‡jb| iscyi †cŠimfv cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQ‡jv 1 †g, 1869 wLª÷v‡ã| ZLb Gi cÖ_g †Pqvig¨vb n‡qwQ‡jb †Rjv Kv‡j±i B.wR.†M­wRqvi| ivRv RvbKxej­f †mb †Pqvig¨vb nb 1892 wLª÷v‡ã| Avi wZwb `ywbqv †_‡K P‡j †M‡jb 1910wLª÷v‡ã| kn‡ii Rj wb¯‹vkb Ges gkv-gvwQi Dc`ªe Kgv‡bvB LvjwU Lb‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨| ZLb †Rjv Kv‡j±i wQ‡jb wg.µvBb| wg.¯ŒvBb‡K mfvcwZ K‡i 9 m`m¨i GKwU Lvj Lbb KwgwU Kiv nq| GB KwgwUi m`m¨iv n‡jb-

1.                  ivRv RvbKxej­f †mb

2.                 ‰mq` Aveyj nvqvZ

3.                 cÖmbœbv_ †PŠayix

4.                 A¶qKzgvi g‡Lvcva¨vq

5.                 Abœ`vcÖmv`

6.                 k¨vgv‡gvnb PµeZx© (†cŠimfvi †Pqvig¨vb-1890)

7.                 hv`‡ek¦i ZK©iZœ (cÖL¨vZ ms¯‹…Z cwÛZ &I †jLK)

8.                 Kvgv¶¨vPiY gy‡Lvcva¨q Ges

          9.       cÖ‡KŠkjx Avï‡Zvl jvwnox we.wm.B (wWw÷ª± BwÄwbqvi)|

ZrKvjxb ivsjvi †j‡cb¨v›U MfY©i m¨vi ÷zqvU© Kjwfb †eBwj ¯^qs iscy‡i G‡m cÖYvjxwUi D‡Øvab K‡ib| 9 gvBj `xN© GB LvjwUi bvg k¨vgvmy›`ix Lvj| NvNU b`x †_‡K LvjwU †K‡U iscyi kn‡ii eyKwP‡i gvwnM‡Äi cvk w`‡q evB‡i †bIqv nq| c‡i Gi Rj wM‡q c‡o wZ¯—vq| iscyi †Rjv †ev‡W© Ges †cŠimfvi †hŠ_ ZË¡veav‡b LvjwU Lbb Kiv nq| Z‡e Gi wmsnfvM e¨q enb K‡ib ivRv RvbKxej­f †mb| ZvB Zvi স্নেহময়ী Rbbxi bv‡g LvjwUi bvgKiY Kiv nq k¨vgvmy›`ix Lvj| GB Lv‡ji BwZnvm Av`vjZ KvPvixi Kv‡Q k¨vgvmy›`ixi Lv‡ji cy‡ji wbKU ¯§„wZ¯—‡¤¢ †jLv i‡q‡Q-

                             ÔÔcxovi AvKif~wg GB i½cyi

                             cÖYvjx KvwUqv Zvnv Kwievi `yi

                             gvZv k¨vgvmy›`ixi ¯§i‡Yi Z‡i

                             RvbKxej­f myZ GB KxwZ© K‡i| ÕÕ

iscyi †cŠimfv cÖwZwôZ nIqvi 44 eQ‡i †Kv‡bv wbe©vPb nqwb| ZLb wm‡jKk‡bi gva¨‡g wbe©vwPZ Kiv n‡Zv †Pqvig¨vb| A_ev n‡Zb †Rjv cÖkvmK wb‡R c`vwaKvi e‡j| B‡jKkb c×wZ Pvjy n‡jv 1914 wLª÷v‡ã| ZLb cÖ_g †Pqvig¨vb wbe©vwPZ n‡jb ivRvevnv`yi †Mvcvj ivq| wZwb 1923ch©š— 9eQi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb|

cÖ_g hLb iscyi †cŠimfvi hvÎv Avi¤¢ n‡jv, ZLb Gi Av‡qvZb AwZ ¶z`ª wQ‡jv| gvÎ 4 eM©gvBj| Avi †jvKmsL¨v wQ‡jv 6 nvRvi| †gŠRv gvÎ 5wU Kvgvj KvQbv, ivavej­f, AvjgbMi, avc Ges iNybv_MÄ| 1995 wLª÷v‡ã Gi AvqZb †e‡o hvq| Dc‡iv³ 5wU †gŠRv ev‡` 2000 wLª÷v‡ã Gi AvqZb †e‡o nq 9 eM©gvBj Ges †jvKmsL¨v GKj¶ weivbeŸB nvRvi| Dc‡iv³ 5wU †gŠRv ev‡` 2000 wLª÷v‡ãi w`‡K AviI 29wU ‡gŠRv †hvM n‡q †cŠimfvi AvqZb AviI eo nq| Avw`kni gvwnMÄ Ges Gi Av‡kcv‡k †gŠRv¸‡jv AvR iscyi †cŠimfvi g‡a¨ G‡m †M‡Q| †mB 29wU †gŠRv n‡jv-1. †Kj­ve›`, 2. fMx, 3. KzKi“j, 4. mvZMvov, 57 †`‡evËi ZvjK, 6. KvbvBMwj, 7.Avgvï, 8. bvnvwZ KzPwenvi, 9. evnviKvQbv, 10. ivg‡Mvwe›`, 11. exif`ª, 12. gv‡bv‡Mvcvj, 13. bvQwbqv, 14. gvwnMÄ, 15. eo iscyi, 16.†QvU iscyi, 17 †LvÏ© iscyi, 18.ZvRnvU, 19. AvivRxgb Lvgvi, 20. DËg, 21.M‡bkcyi, 22. cve©Zxcyi, 23. ivgcyi, 24. cxiRvev`, 25. DËg, 26, †`I‡Wvev, 27. KvwÂqv, 28. Kjvevwo Ges 29. `vi“b evox |

          Z_¨m~Î:

          gyn¤§` ZvmvÏK †nv‡mb, Pxc Ki wba©viK, iscyi †cŠimfv|

Avevi GKUz AZx‡Zi w`‡K `„wó †`qv hvK| 1892 wLª÷v‡ã ivRv RvbKxej­f †mb hLb †cŠimfvi †Pqvig¨vb n‡jb, ZLbB ZrKvjxb Ifvi wkqvi wc.wm. gyLvRx©i †`qv bKkv Abyhvqx wbwg©Z n‡qwQj †cŠimfvi cvKv wewìswU| mwZ¨ K_v ej‡Z wK, wWgjvi Rwg`viB gvwnMÄ †_‡K cyi‡bv iscyi‡K Zz‡j Av‡bb AvR‡Ki iscy‡i| Zvuiv Zvu‡`i ivRevwoI evbvb bZzb iscy‡ii av‡c| †mB evwowUi bvg jvjKzwV|

iscyi †cŠimfvi cÖ_g gymwjg †Pqvig¨vb †gŠjfx ew`iDÏxb Avng` (1949-1952)| gvnZve Dwχbi RbwcÖqZvi K_v Avgiv ïi“‡ZB D‡j­L¨ K‡iwQ| Z‡e Zvui Avg‡ji D‡j­L‡hvM¨ KvR †cŠimfvi nwiRb‡`i Rb¨ wbg©vY Kiv nwiRb K‡jvbx| evsjv fvlvq nwiRb kãUv bZzb| GB kãwUi mªóv gnvZ¥v MvÜx| †g_i,gywP,†Wvg নিম্ন শ্রেণীর `wi`ª gvbyl¸‡jvi bvg nwiRb w`‡q‡Qb MvÜxRx| †mB nZ-`wi`ªgvbyl‡`i Rb¨ K‡jvbx wbg©vY K‡i Lvb mv‡ne BwZnv‡mi cvZvq wb‡Ri bvgUv †mvbvi A¶‡i wj‡L †M‡jb| Lvb mv‡ne GKRb LvuwU iscyix| ¯’vqx wbevm KvgvjKvQbvq n‡jI wcZ…f~wg cxiMvQv Dc‡Rjvi Kvgw` MÖv‡g| 

iscyi kn‡ii †jvKmsL¨v w`b w`b evo‡Q| ZvQvov, MÖv‡gi †jv‡Ki knigyLx nIqvi GLb wnwoK c‡o‡Q| d‡j, bZzb bZzb gnj­vi m„wó n‡q †cŠimfvi AvqZb evo‡Q, mgm¨vI evo‡Q| wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi cÖ‡qvRbI †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| G¨vW‡fv‡KU gyn¤§` AvdRvj 1977 wLª÷v‡ã RbM‡bi †fv‡U †Pqvig¨vb wbe©vwPZ n‡q †ekwKQy fv‡jv KvR K‡ib| Gi g‡a¨ D‡j­L‡hvM¨, Mwie-`ytLx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i ‡jLvcovi my‡hvM m„w÷i j‡¶¨ K‡qKwU ¯‹zj cÖwZôv| GQvov, KzKi“j †jK I wPKjx †jK Lbb Kivb Ges †cŠimfvi eû †e`Lj m¤úwË D×vi K‡ib| †cŠievRviI wbwg©Z nq Zvui mgq| wZwb GKRb evgcš’x Rb`i`x ivRbxwZK| Zvui ivRbxwZi`k©bB gvbe‡mev I Mwie-`ytLx me©nviv gvbyl‡`i Kj¨v‡b wb‡R‡K DrmM© Kiv| Avi G-Rb¨ wZwb we‡q bv K‡i Av‡RvI Kzgvi iB‡jb| GKevi bq, `yevi bq, wZbevi wZwb †cŠimfvi †Pqvig¨vb wbe©vwPZ n‡jb| Zvui g‡Zv wb‡jv©f, gvbeZvev`x Rb‡bZv weij| 1997 ch©š— iscy‡ii Av‡iv `ÕyRb exi gyw³‡hv×v AwcjDÏxb Avn‡g` (KgvÛvi, gyw³‡hv×v msm`, iscyi) Ges kidzÏxb Avn‡g` S›Uz †cŠimfvi †Pqvig¨vb wbe©vwPZ nb| ZvivI †cŠimfvi Dbœq‡b bvbv KvR K‡ib| Z‡e †cŠimfv †Pqvig¨vb‡`i g‡a¨ gyn¤§` AvdRvjB mZZvi w`K w`‡q me©‡kªô| myax cvVK, Avcbviv nq‡Zv ev †KD ej‡Z cv‡ib, gyn¤§` AvdRvj †m †cŠimfvi UvKv AvZ¥mvr K‡ibwb, ‡jLK GUv we‡`k ‡_‡K Rvb‡jb wK K‡i? G cÖm‡½ Avwg GKUv ¯§„wZPviY Ki‡Z PvB| 2005wLª÷v‡ã QywU‡Z †`‡k †Mjvg| H mgq GKUv wbgš¿Y †cjvg XvKvq| `vIqvrwU K‡i‡Qb e¨vWwg›Ub Kb¨v Kvgi“bœvnvi Wvbv| Zvui cyÎ m„R‡bi Rb¥w`b| Abyôvb n‡e avbgwÛ‡Z| GKwU wMdU nv‡Z wb‡q †Mjvg KwgDwbwU n‡j| ILv‡b AvdRvj fvB‡qi m‡½ Avgvi †`Lv n‡q †Mj| B‡Zvc~‡e© Zvu‡K Avwg `~i †_‡K †`‡LwQ; wKš‘ Avjvc nqwb KL‡bv| cwiPqI †bB| Wvbvi eo fvB wZwb| ILv‡bB cwiPq n‡jv| GK‡Î †LjvgI| †Kv‡bv GK K_v cÖm‡½ Wvbv Avgv‡K ej‡jb,ÔeyjyfvB, Rv‡bb, AvdRvj fvB Avgvi †Q‡ji Abyôv‡b †hvM †`evi Rb¨ iscyi †_‡K G‡m‡Qb| wKš‘ Avmvi mgq Zvui evmfvovI wQ‡jv bv|Õ ï‡b Avwg wew¯§Z| ZLbB gbw¯’i Kijvg, G K_vUv hw` KL‡bv my‡hvM Av‡m, Avwg mv`v KvM‡R Kv‡jv Kvwj w`‡q wj‡L RbMY‡K Rvbv‡ev; †m my‡hvM AvR G‡jv| KviY GUvB Zvui cÖvc¨| Kv‡jv A¶‡i †jLv K‡qKwU kã|

13.    Wv.†K.wW.†Nvl GKwU wefv`xß bvg

Wv.†K.wW †Nvl (K…òab †Nvl) iscy‡ii BwZnv‡m GKwU wefv`xß bvg| iscyi h‡Zvw`b _vK‡e, iscy‡ii BwZnvm h‡Zvw`b _vK‡e Z‡Zvw`b †K.wW †Nv‡li bvg wPi¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡e| fviZe‡l©i bvbv cÖvš— †_‡K Kg©m~‡Î eû †jvK iscy‡i G‡m‡Qb Ges †_‡K‡Qb, Zvu‡`i A‡b‡KB AvR nvwi‡q †M‡Qb| nvwi‡q hvqwb 4wU bvg| Guiv n‡jb- ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq, †R.Gb.¸ß (Áv‡b›`ªbv_ ¸ß). AvB.wm.Gm, ivqevnv`yi kirP›`ª P¨vUvRx© Ges Wv.†K.wW †Nvl| Aci wZbR‡bi Dci Avgiv Av‡jvKcvZ K‡iwQ Ab¨‡Î|

Wv.†K.wW. †Nvl wmwfj mvR©b n‡q G‡mwQ‡jb iscy‡i| evm K‡iwQ‡jb `xN©w`b| fv‡jv‡e‡mwQ‡jb iscy‡ii mij mv`vwmav gvbyl¸‡jv‡K| Avi wPi Ae‡nwjZ iscy‡ii `yive¯’v †`‡L Zvui cÖvY ‡K‡`u D‡V| wk¶v-`x¶vq AbMÖmi, kn‡i Rj wb¯‹vk‡bi †Kv‡bv †Wªb †bB| Rjve×Zvi Kvi‡Y gQv-gvwQi Dc`ªe| gv¨v‡jwiqvi Avµvš— n‡q AMwYZ gvby‡li g„Z¨; meB Zv‡K fvwe‡q †Zv‡j| ZLb Rj wb¯‹vk‡bi Rb¨ GKwU Lvj Lbb Kiv‡jb| bvg n‡q †M‡jv †K.wW.K¨v‡bj| †jv‡K ej‡Zv Ô‡Nv‡li LvjÕ| LvjwU KzK‡ivj †_‡K DrcwË n‡q gvwnM‡Äi wfZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ wQj| wZwb wk¶vi Rb¨ Lyj‡jb GKwU PZz¯úvwV | 1871wLª. †_‡K 1883wLª. ch©š— `xN© GKhyM wZwb iscyi †cŠimfvi †Pqvig¨vbI wQ‡jb| H hy‡M wZwb iscyi evwmi‡`i cÖv‡Yi gvbyl wQ‡jb| fv‡jvevmv w`‡q wZwb AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb fv‡jvevmv| †mB fv‡jvevmvi aviv Av‡Rv Ae¨vnZ| iscy‡iiBwZnvm wjL‡Z †M‡jB BwZnvmwe`Mb kª×v I fv‡jvevmvi cik w`‡q Zvu‡K ¯§iY K‡ib| wj‡Lb Zvui Rb¨ 2/4jvBb| ievÏ K‡ib wKQy KvM‡Ri wKQy Ask|

Wv.†K.wW †Nv‡li Aci GKwU cwiPq Av‡Q, hv cÖm½µ‡g ej‡Z nq| wZwb wQ‡jb `yB †`ke‡iY¨ cy‡Îi Mwe©Z wcZv| Zvuiv n‡jb kªx Aiwe›` †Nvl(Rb¥ KjKvZv-1872) Ges kªx evix›`ªKzgvi †Nvl (Rb¥-jÛb-1880)| ivex›`ª wQ‡jb wec­ex I mvwnwZ¨K| Avi Aiwe›` wQ‡jb ivRbxwZwe`, `vk©wbK I Aa¨vZ¥mvaK| Aiwe›` AvB.wm.Gm cix¶vq `kg ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| †Kw¤^ªR wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K UªvBmc cvk K‡ib| mš¿vmev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡ †`b | K‡j‡Ri Aa¨¶ n‡jb| Ôe‡›`vgvZigÕ cwÎKv m¤úv`bv Ki‡jb| †R‡j †M‡jb| ‡k‡l weªwUk ivR¨ †Q‡o divwm kvwmZ cwÛ‡Pix‡Z wM‡q AvZ¥mvabv K‡i n‡jb Fwl| iscy‡ii my‡ikP›`ª PµeZx© cÛx‡Pix‡Z Aiwe›` Avkª‡gi Aa¨¶ n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb GKRb bvgKiv mvwnwZ¨K wQ‡jb| Zvui wcZv CkvbP›`ª PµeZx© wQ‡jb iscy‡ii ivR‰bZxK e¨vw³Z¡| Zvui cwiwPwZ‡Z Avgiv c‡i AvmwQ|

14.    AvdvbDj­vn KweivR

Avgiv Rvwb nhiZ kvnRvjvj †evLvix gvwnmIqv‡ii bv‡gi ¯§„wZ‡Z fv¯^i iscy‡ii Avw` kni gvwnMÄ| Avi GI Rvwb gvwnMÄ bvgwUi m‡½ A½vAw½fv‡e Rwo‡q Av‡Q Av‡iv GK cÖL¨vZ mgvR‡mex `vbex‡ii bvg| wZwb weL¨vZ Avqy©‡e` wPwKrmK AvdvbDj­vn KweivR| AvdvbDj­vn KweivR GKRb ci‡nRMvi, ag©cÖvY fv‡jv gymjgvb wQ‡jb| Zvui eqm hLb 58, ZLb GKiv‡Z ¯^‡cœi gva¨‡g wZwb AeMZ n‡jb gvwnM‡Äi gvwU‡Z GK AvDwjqv wPi wb`ªvq kvwqZ Av‡Qb| Zvui mgvwa Av‡Q, wKš‘ Zvui bvg cwiPq †KD Rvb‡Zv bv| ¯^cœwU wZwb †`L‡jb 1904 wLª÷v‡ãi w`‡K| ZLb wZwb gvwnM‡Äi GKRb weËkvjx e¨vw³| wPwKrmK wnmv‡e bvg Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q PZz©w`‡K| ev‡Zi e¨_vi Rb¨ Zvui d¨v±vix‡Z ˆZix Ôgnvgvm ˆZjÕ weL¨vZ| GQvov cyi‡bv R¡i `~ixKi‡bi Rb¨ ÔAvdvbDj­vn UwbKÕ bvgKiv| Avi KvjvR¡i-cvjvR¡i wbg~©‡ji Rb¨ cÖwm× Ôˆ`ecÖ`ËewUKvÕ| ¯^cœv‡`‡k wZwb ˆ`ecÖ`ËewUKvi dg~©jv Rvb‡Z ‡c‡iwQ‡jb| KweivwR wPwKrmv K‡i H hy‡M wZwb j¶ j¶ UvKvi gvwjK n‡jb| Mwie †_‡K n‡jb awb|

Avi H myw`‡b gnvb AvDwjqv nhiZ kvnRvjvj †evLvwii Ke‡ii mÜvb †c‡jb †Lvqv‡ei gva¨‡g| ZLbB wm×vš— wb‡jb GB Ke‡ii Dci wZwb gmwR` evwb‡q †`‡eb| c‡i gvRvi cvKv Ges gmwR` wbg©vY QvovI 1906 wLª÷v‡ã cÖwZôv Ki‡jb Rvjvwjqv Rywbqi gv`ªvmv| 1908 wLª÷v‡ã AvdvbDj­vn Gg.B.¯‹zj (c‡i n‡jv nvB ¯‹zj); iv¯—v NvU, gKZe, GwZgLvbv BZ¨vw`| †k‡l Zvui wekvj m¤ú‡`i wmsnfvM Ask IqvKd K‡i †M‡jb gvbeZvi †mevq| 1922 wLª÷v‡ã  C`yj wdZ‡ii w`‡b wZwb B‡š—Kvj Ki‡jb| ZLb Zvui eqm n‡qwQj 76 eQi|

¯^cœ †`Lvi ci hLb AvdvbDj­vn KweivR nhiZ kvnRvjvj †evLvix gvwnmIqv‡ii gvRviwU cvKv Ki‡jb Ges Zvi Dci gmwR` wbg©vY Ki‡jb, ZLb †_‡KB GB AvDwjqvi bvgwU PZz©w`‡K Qwo‡q †M‡jv| gv‡Qi wc‡V mIqvi n‡q G‡mwQ‡jb e‡j GB mvaK cx‡ii bv‡gi c`ex nq gvnxmIqvi| dvwm© gvwn k‡ãi evsjv A_© gvQ| GB AvdvbDj­vn Kweiv‡Ri bvwZ gyw³‡hv×v Avwbmyj nK †cqviv|

hv‡nvK gv‡Qi wc‡V mIqvi nIqv‡K A‡b‡K Awek¦vvm Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ Avj­vn cv‡Ki wcÖq evÜv Ges Ava¨vwZ¥K mvaK AvDwjqvi gvRvi Av‡Q wZwbI gr‡m¨i wc‡V mIqvi n‡q K‡iv‡Zvqv b`x w`‡q G‡m wn›`y ivRv ciïivg‡K civwRZ I wbnZ K‡i Bmjv‡gi weRq †KZb D‡Ëvjb K‡iwQ‡jb| ZvB Zvui bvg nq nhiZ kvn myjZvb ejwL gvwnmIqvi|

m¤cÖwZ wKQy wKQy †jLK gvby‡li g‡b wek¦vm Rb¥vevi Rb¨ wb‡L _v‡Kb grm¨K…wZ †bŠKvq P‡o G‡mwQ‡jb nhiZ kvn Rvjvj †evLvix gvwnmIqvi| G e³e¨wU Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q mwVK g‡b nq bv| mIqvi kãwU wb‡RB e‡j w`‡”Q wc‡V P‡o Avmv| GKUv K_v Av‡Q, Awj-AvDwjqv‡`i K_v giv e„¶I †kv‡b| nhiZ Ckv (Av.) giv gvbyl‡K wR›`v K‡iwQ‡jb| Avgv‡`i gnvbex nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) AvOy‡ji Bkvivq P›`ª‡K wØLwÛZ K‡iwQ‡jb| gvIjvbv †KivgZ Avjx ˆRbcyix (in.) bvbv A‡jŠwKK NUbv †`wL‡q gvbyl‡K AevK Ki‡Zb, GUv Avgiv A‡b‡KB Rvwb| ZvB Zvui cÖK…Z bvg gyn¤§` Avjx nvwi‡q wM‡q wZwb n‡jb ‡KivgZ Avjx| K‡jgvi ¸‡Y wZwb GKevi RxweZ gvbyl‡K †g‡i †d‡jwQ‡jb| Gevi †mB NUbvwU ej‡ev| ûRyi‡K cix¶v Kivi Rb¨ GKevi GKwU wRweZ gvbyl‡K mv`v Kvco w`‡q †X‡K ejv n‡jv, ÔûRyi GKwU †jvK gviv †M‡Q, Avmyb Avcwb RvbvRv covbÕ| wZwb GKUz nvwm w`‡q ej‡jb,ÔPjybÕ| eû †jvK| mevB mvwie×fv‡e `vuov‡jv,ÔAvj­vû AvKeiÕ e‡j wZwb RvbvRvi bvgvR cov‡jb| c‡i Kvd‡bi Kvco Zz‡j †`Lv †Mj H †jvK g„Z| Avi G NUbvUv N‡UwQj iscy‡i|

Kv‡RB nhiZ kvnRvjvj †evLvwi gvwnmIqvi gv‡Qi wc‡V mIqvi n‡q wZ¯—v b`x w`‡q iscyi c`vc©Y Ki‡j Am¤¢e wKQy bq| †mB gvwnmIqvi †_‡KB ¯’vbUvi bvg nq gvwnMÄ| †mB gvwnM‡Äi †MŠie `vbexi AvdvbDj­vn KweivR| e„wUk miKvi Zvu‡K Lvbmv‡ne Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡iwQj| cÖm½Z D‡j­L¨, gvwnM‡Äi BwZnv‡mi cvÛywjwc ˆZix wb‡q GK e¨¯— †jLK msm`, iscy‡ii cwÎKv m¤úv`K †gvbvwjmv ingvb| wZwb Avdvbyj­vn nvB¯‹z‡ji wkw¶Kv|

          Z_¨myÎ:

          * AvdvbDj­vn Kweiv‡Ri †`ŠwnÎ wewkó wk¶vwe` I mgvR‡meK gxi Avwbmyj nK (†cqviv           fvB) Gi mv¶vrKvi|

          *  AvdvbDj­vn Kweiv‡Ri QwewU msMÖn K‡i w`‡q‡Qb †gvbvwjmv ingvb|

          * wewfbœ  MÖš’ I cÎ cwÎKv|

16.    gnvcwÛZ hv`‡ek¦i ZK©iZœ

mvaviY hLb AmvaviY nb, ZLbB wZwb BwZnv‡mi c„ôvq ¯’vb cvb| Avi cwÛZ hLb gnvcwÛZ nb, ZLbB wZwb RMr‡K Av‡jvwKZ K‡ib| †Zgwb RMr‡K D¾¡j Kiv GK gnvcwÛZ hv`‡e&k¦I fUªvPvh©| Zvui Rb¥ iscyi cxiMvQv Dc‡Rjvaxb BUvKzgvix MÖv‡g 1849 wLª÷v‡ã| Avi Bnavg Z¨vM Ki‡jb evivYmxav‡g 1924 wLª÷v‡ã| `ywbqv‡Z _vK‡jb 75wU eQi| GgB mgq wZwb Zvui Ávb-mvabv, we`¨v, †gav I cÖÁvi e‡j AR©b Ki‡jb ZK©iZœ, KwemgªvU, cwÛZ ivR , cwÛZwKkix Ges gnvg‡nvcva¨vq Dcvwa| ms¯‹…Z fvlvi gnvcwÛZivB †Kej gnvg‡nvcva¨vq Dcvwa †c‡q _v‡Kb| DËie‡½ GB Dcvwa †c‡qwQ‡jb kªx g‡nkP›`ª b¨vqiZœ| Avi cwðge‡½ GB Dcvwa wQ‡jb nicÖmv` kvw¯¿ (1850-1931wLª.) Ges Av‡iv 2/4Rb gnvcwÛZ|

ev‡iv eQi eq‡m hv`‡ek¦i ZK©iZœ Ô‡L`vejxÕ Ges c‡b‡iv eQi eq‡m Ô‡kvKZiw½bxÕ bv‡g `y‡Uv ms¯‹…Z Kve¨MÖ¯’ iPbv K‡I mevB‡K AevK K‡i †`b| wZwb AmsL¨ MÖ¯’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb|| ms¯‹…ZGes evsjv `yÕ‡Uv fvlv‡ZB Zvui mgvb `¶Zv wQj| Zvui iwPZ K‡qKwU ms¯‹…Z Kve¨MÖš’ ÔP›`ª`~ZÕÔmyf`ªvniY,ÔcÖkvš— KzmygÕ, Ges ÔAkÖ“we›`ygÕ| evsjv Dcb¨vm ÔA‡kvK;, Ges Kve¨MÖš’ Ô†`ªŠc`xÕ|

wZwb ïay †jLKB wQ‡jb bv, bvbv mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK Ges RbwnZKi Kv‡Ri mwnZI RwoZ wQ‡jb| †Rjv‡ev‡W©i m`m¨ wQ‡jb, wgDwbwmc¨v‡jwci wbe©vwPZ Kwgkbvi wQ‡jb Ges KvigvB‡Kj K‡jR cÖwZôvi mgq wZwb K‡jR cwiPvjbv KwgwUi m`m¨I wQ‡jb| 1905wLªóv‡ã KjKvZv-‡Kw›`ªK e½xq mvwnZ¨ cwilr-Gi kvLv iscy‡i ¯’vwcZ n‡j, Gi D‡`¨v³v‡`i g‡a¨ hv`‡ek¦i ZK©iZœ wQ‡jb Ab¨Zg e¨w³| wmwfj mvR©b W.†K.wW.†Nvl iscy‡i wk¶v cÖmv‡iiRb¨ PZz¯úvwV cÖwZôv Ki‡j wZwb nb Zvi wk¶K|

wZwb ivRbxwZ m‡PZb wQ‡jb| 1905wLªóv‡ã jW© KvR©‡bi e½f‡½i wZwb we‡ivwaZv K‡ib eªvþb‡`i mgy`ªhvÎv kv¯¿ wei“‡× bq e‡j wZwb AwfgZ e¨³ K‡ib| g~jZ wZwb wQ‡jb cÖMwZkxj g‡bi mgvR m‡PZb Ges mgvRms¯‹viK| ZvB Zvu‡Kej hvq Ô†mvm¨vjcwÛZÕ| Z‡e wewfbœ mgq bvbv ivR‰bwZK gZvgZ e¨³ Ki‡Zb e‡j Bs‡iRiv Zvu‡K ej‡Zv ÔcwUwUK¨vj cwÛZÕ| mvwnZ¨, mgvR Ges ivRbxwZ‡Z cvwÛZ¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ GB gnvcyi“l iscy‡ii ZrKvjxb RbM‡bi kª×vi cvÎ n‡qwQ‡jb|

Zvui cyÎ †KvwK‡jk¦i kv¯¿x KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q ms¯‹…Z fvlvi wefvMxq cÖavb wQ‡jb| †cŠÎ Áv‡bk¦i kv¯¿xI cwÛZ I wk¶vwe`| Gu‡`i AvR‡Ki wVKvbv KjKvZvi KvjxNvU|

          Z_¨m~Î: Ôi½cy‡ii e‡iY¨ e¨w³Z¡Õ Ges Aa¨vcK †gvdvLLvi“j Bmjv‡gi mv¶vrKvi|

16.     Ks‡MÖm mfvcwZ CkvbP›`ª PµeZx©

Ôiscyi †Rjvi BwZnvmÕ-G KxwZ©gvb gvbylÕ wk‡ivbv‡g ksKi emy 495 c„ôvq iscy‡ii GK weL¨vZ e¨w³ CkvbP›`ª PµeZx© m¤ú©‡K wj‡L‡Qb-iscy‡ii kvje‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| cÖ_g Rxe‡bi iscyi RR‡Kv‡U© PvKwi Ki‡Zb| wZwb g‡bcÖv‡Y wQ‡jb GKRb wec­ex| iscyi RvZxq we`¨vjq ¯’vc‡b AskMÖnY Kivq wZwb PvKzwiPzZ¨ nb| Ks‡MÖ‡mi GKRb GKwbô Kgx© wQ‡jb| CkvbP›`ª PµeZx©i GKcyÎ †ev‡¤^ UwK‡Ri cÖwZôvZv| iscy‡i hyMvš—i cvwU©i cÖwZôvZvI wQ‡jb CkvbP›`ª PµeZx©|

Dc‡iv³ Z_¨¸‡jv wVKB Av‡Q| Zvui m‡½ Avgiv Av‡iv wKQy Z_¨ †hvM Ki‡Z PvB| kvje‡b Rb¥ n‡jI CkvbP›`ª PµeZx©i MÖv‡gi evwo KvDwbqv Dc‡Rjvi Kzk©v MÖv‡g| wZwb iscyi †Rjv Ks‡MÖm cvwU©i cÖwZôvZv mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| PvKwi‡Z wQ‡jb RR‡Kv‡U©i †ckKvi| Zvui `y‡Uv wc¯—j wQ‡jv| wc¯—j `y‡Uv wZwb RR‡Kv‡U© Awd‡mi Wªqv‡i jywK‡q ivL‡Zb| wKš‘ RvbvRvwb n‡j †Kv‡U© gvgjv nq| wZwb AwZ PvjvK| †Ui †c‡q Av‡MB wc¯—j `y‡Uv mwi‡q †d‡jb| d‡j, cÖgv‡Yi Afv‡e wZwb †eKmyi gyw³jvf K‡ib| wKš‘ weªwUk kvmK‡`i wei“‡× †`kxq wk¶vi Rb¨ RvZxq we`¨vjqiscy‡i cÖwZôvq AvMÖYx f~wgKv †bqvi Awf‡hv‡M Zvu‡K PvKwi †_‡K eiLv¯— Kiv nq|

CkvbP›`ª PµeZx©i GK cyÎ cÖdzj­P›`ª PµeZ©xI †mB AwMœhy‡Mi gnvwec­ex wQ‡jb| †`kxq c×wZ‡Z Dj­vmKi `‡Ëi dg~©jvq ˆZix †evgv bvovPvov Kivi mgq AK¯§vr †evgvwU †d‡U wZwb gviv †M‡jb 1908 wLª÷v‡ã| NUbvwU N‡U wenv‡i| †`IN‡ii w`Nvwiqv cvnv‡o| cÖdzj­P›`ª PµeZx©B weªwUk we‡ivax mš¿vmev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g knx`|

wec­ex Dc‡›`ªbv_  e‡›`v¨vcva¨vq cÖdzj­P›`ª PµeZx© mš^‡× wj‡L‡Qb, ÔAvgv‡`i h‡Zv¸‡jv †Q‡j wQj Zvu‡`i g‡a¨ cÖdzj­ m‡e‡P‡q eyw×gvb wQj| Zvunv‡K †h †`wLqv‡Q ‡mB fvj bv evwmqv cv‡i bvB| Avi Zvui wcZv CkvbP›`ª PµeZx© g„Zy¨ msev` †c‡qI †MvcbxqZv i¶vi ¯^v‡_© KLbB cy‡Îi g„Zz¨ msev` cÖKvk K‡ib bvB| wb‡Ri Rxeb w`‡q wZwb wec­ex Pwi‡Î Av`k© ¯’vcb K‡ib|

16.    iscy‡ii GKwU cÖwZfvai cwievi

iscyi kn‡ii AZxZ BwZnvm hviv mvgvb¨ AeMZ Av‡Qb,Zvuiv Aek¨B Avï‡Zvl jvwnoxi bvgwU Rv‡bb| wKš‘ Zvu‡K †KD †`‡Lbwb| AvR‡K Avgiv Zvu‡K Qwei gva¨‡g †`Lv‡ev| Avi GUvI A‡b‡Ki ARvbv †h, e„nËi iscyi †Rjvq cÖ_g BwÄwbqvi GB Avï‡Zvl jvwnox| Zvi Av‡M wekvj iscy‡i †KD BwÄwbqvwis wWwMÖ wb‡Z cv‡iwb| Avevi e„nËi iscyi †Rjvi cÖ_g †gwWK¨vj K‡jR †_‡K cvk Kiv Wv³viI GB GKB cwiev‡ii m`m¨| Zvi bvg Fwl‡Kk jvwnox| wZwb Avï‡Zvl jvwnoxi KwbôåvZv| iscy‡i hLb Wv³v‡ii `ywf©¶, †iv‡Mi QvovQwo A_P Wv³vi †bB, KweivRx wPwKrmvi Dci gvbyl wbf©ikxj, ZLbB KjKvZv †gwWK¨v‡j m‡e©v”P AwaKvi K‡i Zi“Y Fwl‡Kk Gg.we cvk K‡i iscy‡i gvbe‡mevq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| Zvui wekvj GjvKv wb‡q evmv wQ‡jv Ry¤§vcvovq| wZwb iscy‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib 1855wLª÷v‡ã| H eQi cvqive‡›` Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib †eMg †iv‡Kqvi eo‡evb Kwigy‡bœmv Lvbg| 84 eQi eq‡m Fwl‡Kk jvwnox gviv hvb 1939 wLª÷v‡ã|

Gevi Gu‡`i c~e©cyi“‡li wKQy K_v ewj| Avï‡Zvl jvwnoxi wcZv ni‡Mvwe›` jvwnox wQ‡jb cvebvi gvbyl| cÙvi Dci mvov weªR wbg©v‡bi mgq wZwb †jevi †c‡g‡›Ui K¨vwkqvi wQ‡jb| GKRb †jev‡ii ZLb ‰`wbK gRyix wQ‡jv GK wmwK (Pvi Avbv)| cvebv †UªRvix ‡_‡K KuvPv UvKv Zz‡j wZwb kªwgK‡`i †eZb w`‡Zb| nVvr GKw`b evwo‡Z G‡m gv‡K ej‡jb ÔgvÕ Avwg PvKwi †Q‡o Gjvg|

          ZLb ÔgvÕ wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, PvKwi Qvowj †Kb?

          Dˇi ej‡jb,ÔevevÕ G‡Zv UvKv Avwg Rxe‡b †`wLwb| G‡Zv UvKv Avwg bvovPvov Ki‡Z cvi‡ev bv; ZvB PvKwi †Q‡o Gjvg|

GB ni‡Mvwe›` jvwnoxi cyÎØq c‡i fvM¨ cwiµgvi weav‡b iscy‡i G‡m n‡jb D”P wk¶vq wkw¶Z, mgv‡Ri MY¨gvY¨ e¨w³ Ges wgVvcyKz‡i feP›`ªcv‡Ui Rwg`vi| ¸ßcvovq Avï‡Zvl jvwnoxi evwo wQ‡jv K‡qK weNv Rwgi Dci| Ôiscyi msewZ©KvÕ MÖ‡š’ Aa¨vcK gyn¤§` Avjxg DÏxb m¨vi KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri Av‡jvPbvq K‡jR cÖwZôvi ïi“i w`‡K (1916wLª) Aa¨vcK‡`i †h ZvwjKv w`‡q‡Qb, †mLv‡b GKwU bvg Av‡Q Aa¨vcK wW.wU. jvwnoxi (`xbZviY jvwnox)| wZwb evsjvi Aa¨vcK wQ‡jb| GB `xbZviY jvwnox n‡jb Avï‡Zvl jvwnoxi cyÎ| Zvui Aci cy‡Îi bvg feZviY jvwnox|

feZviY jvwnox AmvaviY †gavex QvÎ wQ‡jb| wZwb iscy‡ii cÖ_g K…wZ QvÎ-whwb †cÖwm‡WÝx K‡jR KjKvZv †_‡K wdwR‡Kª First Class Frist n‡q ¯^Y©c`K jvf K‡ib 1907 wLª÷v‡ã|

cvebvi ZuvwZeÜ MÖvg cwi`k©‡b GKevi jW© wjUb Avm‡eb| GLb mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡jv , Zvui m‡½ Bs‡iRx‡Z K_v ej‡e †K? †m iKg ‡jvK Lyu‡R bv †c‡q feZviY jvwnox‡K Zvuiv †W‡K cvVvb| iscyi †_‡K †mLv‡b wM‡q wZwb jW© wjU‡bi m‡½ K_v e‡jb| GUv feZviY jvwnoxi k¦ïievox|

feZiY jvwnoxi wZb cyÎ wef~wZf~lY jvwnox, weRjxf~lY jvwnox Ges Aewe›` jvwnox| Aiwe›` jvwnox KjKvZvq iscyievmx‡`i msMVb iscyi mw¤§jbxi cÖvbcyi“l‡`i Ab¨Zg| Avi GB †jL‡Ki myü`|

weRjx jvwnox Gi iscyi kvLvi cÖwZôvZv mvaviY m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| ZLb wZwb cÖ_g el© we.Gm.wm K¬v‡mi QvÎ KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡R| †dWv‡ik‡bi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb MvBevÜvi wb‡g©‡j›`y e¤§©b|

1938 wLª÷v‡ã iscy‡i G‡mwQ‡jb evsjvi Bs‡iR MfY©i m¨vi Rb DW‡nW| ZLb QvÎ ‡bZv weRjx jvwnoxi †bZ…‡Z¡ KvigvB‡K‡ji QvÎiv MfY©i DW‡nW‡K iscy‡i XyK‡Z evav †`q| ZLb cywjk weRjx jvwnoxi nvZ a‡i †gvQo w`‡q †MÖdZvi K‡i †R‡j cvVvq| cieZx©Kv‡j weRjx jvwnox we.Gm.wm cvk K‡i KjKvZvq BwÄwbqvwis c‡o BwÄwbqvi nq|

KjKvZv -‡Kw›`ªK hyMvš—i `‡ji mš¿vmev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi iscy‡i †nW Awdm wQ‡jv Avï‡Zvl jvwnoxi evwo‡Z| wgwUs eÜ Kivi Rb¨ Avï‡Zvl jvwnoxi cvwievwiK jvB‡eªixi wekvjvK…wZ †Mvj‡UwejwU cywjk Ab¨ GKwU N‡i `yÕeQi ZvjveÜ K‡i iv‡L| GB Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv wQ‡jb mZxb ¸n| cieZx© Kv‡j mZxb ¸n hLb iscyi †Q‡o KjKvZv †M‡jb, ZLb ivBUvm© wewìs -G myiwf K¨vw›U‡bi g¨v‡bRvi n‡qwQ‡jb|

Avm‡j †mB weªwUk Avg‡j huviv iscy‡ii evwm›`v wQ‡jb, iscy‡ii myL-`ytL, fvj-g‡›`i wnm¨v`vi wQ‡jb Zvuiv †`k fv‡Mi ci †K †Kv_vq P‡j †M‡jb, Zvi wVK-wVKvbv †bB| wKš‘ Zuviv iscyi‡K nvwi‡q †dj‡jI Zvu‡`i Aš—i †_‡K iscy‡ii cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv we›`ygvÎ K‡gwb| ZvB Zvuiv Av‡Rv KjKvZvi ey‡K Ôiscyi mw¤§jbxÕ bvgK msMV‡bi gva¨‡g iscyi‡K ¯§iY K‡i|

Avï‡Zvl jvwnox cÖm‡½ †div hvK| iscy‡ii GB e‡iY¨ e¨w³Z¡ k¨vgvmy›`ix cÖYvjx Lbb KwgwUi 9 Rb m`m¨i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb| Lv‡ji bKkvwU Zvui nv‡Z Kiv| wZwb 1941 wLª÷v‡ã `ywbqv‡K wPiwe`vq Rvwb‡q cicv‡i P‡j †M‡jb| eqm n‡qwQ‡jv 88| GB wbe‡Üi wk‡ivbvg Avgiv w`‡qwQ Ôiscy‡ii GKwU cÖwZfvai cwievi| Avm‡jI cÖwZfvai| wk¶v-`x¶vq, ivR‰bZxK m‡PZbZvq Guiv GKKv‡j iscyi kn‡i kxl©¯’v‡b wQ‡jb| Avi †gavi wK w`‡qI Kg bb| †mB †gavi †mªvZaviv Av‡Rv Ae¨vnZ| Aiwe›` jvwnoxi `yB cyÎ `yÕRbB BwÄwbqvi| †Rvô Ai“Yvf jvwnox `yevB‡Z Kg©iZ; Avi Kwbô ARy©b jvwnox w`wj­‡Z GKUv eo †Pqvi `Lj K‡i Av‡Qb| ARy©b jvwnoxi Kb¨v Awfb›`v jvwnox Av‡iv cÖwZfvai| †m GLb bge †kªbxi QvÎx| w`wj­i Jesus And Mary Kb‡f›U ¯‹z‡j| GUv w`wj­i †miv ¯‹zj| XvKvi wfKvi“‡bœmv byb ¯‹z‡ji g‡Zv| w`wj­i kn‡ii †gavex QvÎxiv GLv‡b c‡o| wcÖqvsKv MvÜxI GB ¯‹z‡ji QvÎx wQ‡jb| K‡qKw`b Av‡M †gvevB‡j Awfb›`vigv bxjvÄbv‡K hLb wR‡Ám Kijvg,ÔAwfb›`v †jLvcovq †Kgb?

          DËi w`‡jv,ÔgwR` fvB, †m †Zv K¬v‡m dvó©Mvj©|

          ÔAwf›`v GLb Kx Ki‡Q?

          ÔfvZ Lv‡”Q | K_v ej‡eb ?

          `vI|

          ‡gvevBjUv nv‡Z wb‡qB, ÔAv‡¼j bg¯‹vi| †Kgb Av‡Qb?

          Ôfv‡jv, Zzwg †Kgb?

          dvBb

          Av”Qv †Zvgvi †QU‡ejvi †mB K_v¸‡j wK g‡b c‡o? WªBsi“g †_‡K Avgvi nvZ †U‡b e‡jwQ‡j,ÔP‡jv bv, †L‡Z P‡jv| †`‡Lv bv, gv †Zvgv‡K Kx w`‡q‡Q- fvZ w`‡q‡Q, gvQ w`‡q‡Q, Wvj w`‡q‡Q| Av‡iv K‡Zv wKQy w`‡q‡Q| P‡jv, †L‡Z P‡jv|

          Ôbv †Zv, Avgvi g‡b †bB|Õ

          Ôg‡b _vK‡e †Kg‡b, ZLb †Zv †Zvgvi eqm wQ‡jv 4 eQi| Av”Qv , Zzwg bvKx K¬v‡m dvó© Mvj©? Zv †WBwj KZ N›Uv c‡ov?

          ÔAv‡¼j 3/4N›Uv cwo|

          ÔGZ Aí c‡o dvó© nI †Kg‡b?

          ÔAí co‡jB Avgvi n‡q hvq| hv cwo, fywj bv, g‡b _v‡K|Õ

          Avwg †Zv AevK| cÖwZfvai cwiev‡ii cÖwZfvai Kb¨v|

18.    53 eQ‡ii †gngvb

‡KD Kv‡iv evwo‡Z n‡q G‡j mvaviYZ Ae¯’vb K‡ib ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨| PvKwim~‡Î †KD †Kv_vI †M‡j _v‡Kb A¯’vqxfv‡e| wKš‘ Avgiv Ggb GKRb ewnivMZ gvby‡li K_v Gevi ej‡ev whwb Kg©m~‡Î iscy‡i G‡m iscy‡ii gvby‡li fv‡jvevmvq AvU‡K c‡o hvb| ¯’vqx n‡q evm K‡ib Rxe‡bi 53wU eQi| d‡j, †gngvb n‡q Gm ev¯—‡e n‡q †M‡jb †ghevb| iscy‡ii gvby‡li myL-`yt†Li Askx`vi&I n‡jb| eo eo c` `Lb K‡i iscy‡ii Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ AvZ¥wb‡qvM Ki‡jb| †mB weL¨vZ e¨w³i bvg ivqevnv`yi kirP›`ª P¨vUvRx©|

kirP›`ª P¨vUvRx©i Rb¥ 1866 wLª÷v‡ã w`bvRcyi kn‡i| cÖ‡KŠkjx wcZv w`bvRcy‡i Av‡mb MYc~Z© wefv‡M PvKwi wb‡q| Gu‡`i ˆcZ…K wbevm b`xqv †Rjvi kvwš—cyi| kirP›`ª P¨vUvRx©I cÖ‡ewkKv cvk K‡ib wenv‡ii fvMjcyi †_‡K, we.Gj wWwMÖ KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K jvf Ki‡jb cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i| fvMjcy‡i wZwb AvBb e¨emv ïi“ Ki‡jb| †mLv‡bB Zvui _vKvi K_v|

wKš‘ nVvr wcZv †ngP›`ª gviv †M‡j, eo †Q‡j wn‡m‡e msmv‡ii me `vwqZ¡ G‡m co‡jv Zvui Kv‡a| w`‡knviv n‡jb wZwb| cÖPzi A‡_©i `iKvi| †QvU fvB‡`i †jLvcov †kLv‡Z n‡e| gvbyl Ki‡Z n‡e| ZLb eÜz‡`i civg‡k© ARvbvi c‡_ cvwo w`‡q G‡m nvwRi n‡jb iscy‡i| 1890 wLª÷v‡ã cÖ_‡g MvBevÜvq G†jb| IKvjwZ ïi“ Ki‡jb| Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ MvBevÜvi GKRb cÖfvekvjx DwKj n‡jb| †mLv‡b †jvKvj‡ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨vbI n‡jb|

Zvici 1902-‡Z miKvwi DwKj n‡q G‡jb iscyi kn‡i| ¯^xq †hvM¨Zvi e‡j iscyi wgDwbwmc¨v‡jwUi †Pqvig¨vb n‡jb 1904 wLª÷v‡ã| 1909 ch©š— GB c` Aj¼„Z Ki‡jb| KvigvB‡Kj K‡jR cÖwZôvi mgq Mfwb©s ewWi m`m¨ n‡jb| iscy‡i mgevq e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZôvZvI wZwb| Z‡e wZwb GK Abb¨ BwZnvm m„wó Ki‡jb| 1922†_‡K 1943 ch©š— GK bvMv‡o 21eQi wZwb iscyi †Rjv‡ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb| wZwbB iscyi †Rjv‡ev‡W©i cÖ_g wbe©vwPZ †Pqvig¨vb| cÖm½Z ewj, Zvui GK AmvaAiY †gavex fvB AZzjP›`ª P¨vUvRx© fviZxq‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g whwb AvBwm.Gm. cix¶vq cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb jÛ‡j weªwUk-BwÛqvi cÖ_g nvBKwgkbviI e‡U| bvbv mgvR‡mevg~jK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ weªwUk miKvi kirP›`ª P¨vUvRx©‡K Ôivqevnv`yiÕ Dcvwa w`‡qwQ‡jv| Ô‡mBme gvby‡li K_vÕ MÖ‡š’ mgi cvj wVKB e‡j‡Qb, ivqevnv`yi kirP›`ª P¨vUvRx©‡K ev` w`‡j iscy‡ii BwZnvm Ac~Y© †_‡K hv‡e|Õ K_vUv ¯§iY K‡i †`qvi Rb¨ BwZnvmwe` mgi cvj‡K ab¨ev`|

19.    ¸ßcvovi K‡qKRb †`ke‡iY¨ mš—vb

KjKvZv nvB‡Kv‡U©i †`vZjvq cÖavb wePvicwZi Awd‡mi eviv›`vq mvwR‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q K‡qKwU Ac~e© my›`i fv¯‹h©| meB gvby‡li g~wZ©| †`L‡j g‡b cyj‡Ki †XD I‡V| G-¸‡jv weªwUk Avg‡ji bvgKiv Bs‡iR RR‡`i cÖwZK…wZ| †mLv‡b GKwU gvÎ g~wZ© i‡q‡Q GK evOvjxi| †mB KvjRqx evOvwji bvg AZzjP›`ª ¸ß| Zvui Rb¥ KjKvZvq bq| Zvn‡j †Kv_vq? wZwb iscy‡ii mš—vb| Rb¥ ¸ßcvovq| wcZv D‡gkP›`ª ¸ß GKRb AvBbRxex wQ‡jb iscy‡i| ZvuiB bv‡g gnj­vwUi bg nq ¸ßcvov|

GB ¸ßcvovq A‡bK †`ke‡iY¨ mš—v‡bi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q| G-Kv‡ji gvbyl Avgiv Zv KgB Rvwb| AZzjP›`ª¸‡ßi K_v ejvi Av‡M †mBme weL¨vZ e¨w³‡`i K‡qKR‡bi cwiPq Avgiv Av‡M †`‡ev| †Mvcvj †mb Zvu‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb| wZwb KjKvZvq hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© wQ‡jb| QvÎ Rxe‡b †Mvcvj †mb gnvZ¥v MvÜxi f³ wQ‡jb| MvÜxRx cwiPvwjZ gyw³ Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖnY K‡iI wZwb QvÎRxe‡bB ivRbxwZ‡Z Rwo‡q c‡owQ‡jb| jeY AvBb AgvY¨ Kivi Aciv‡a †MÖdZvi n‡q †gw`bxcyi †R‡j †M‡jb| gnvZ¥v MvÜxi wbweo mwbœ‡a¨ G‡mwQ‡jb wZwb|

‡gKvwbK¨vj BwÄwbqvwis -G স্নাতক nevi ci 1935 wLª÷v‡ã wZwb MvÜxRxi m‡½ cyix †M‡jb †mLvbKvi nwiRb‡`i mfv¸‡jv‡K msMwVZ Kivi Rb¨| H eQi wZwb hv`ecyi BwÄwbqvwis K‡j‡R †hvM w`‡jb BbóªKUi c‡`| 1942-G n‡jb †jKPvivi| Gici Avi cÖZ¨¶fv‡e ivRbxwZ K‡ibwb| wk¶v‡K wZwb GKwU eªZ wn‡m‡e wb‡qwQ‡jb| 1948 wLª÷v‡ã Av‡gwiKvi wgwPMvb BDwbfvwm©wU †_‡K Master of Science n‡q Avevi hv`ecyi wek¦we`ªvj‡q †hvM w`‡jb Assistant Professor wn‡m‡e Gi ci ax‡i ax‡i cÖ‡gvkb †c‡q Dc‡i D‡V n‡jb BwÄwbqvwis d¨vKvwëi Wxb| Zvici 1969-G n‡jb hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh©| wZwb Qv·`i Kv‡Q AwZ wcÖq wk¶K wQ‡jb| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨ Zvi, ¯^vfvweK g„Zy¨ n‡jv bv| bKªvjcš’x‡`i nv‡Z wZwb wbnZ n‡jb| 30b‡f¤^i, 1970-G| wVK Pvwi‡Z Aemi MÖn‡bi w`b| ZLb Wv.wegj †mb¸ß Zvu‡K wb‡q GKUv cÖeÜ wjL‡jb| wk‡ivbvg w`‡jb ÔwbnZ †MvjvcÕ| Avi †jLvwUi mgvwß Uvb‡jb Gfv‡e-      

Ôü`q w`‡q‡Qv Zzwg Rxeb wbf©q

                             g„Zz¨‡i w`‡q‡Qv j¾v †Zvgvi ü`qÕ|

KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPh© m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ †mbI ¸ßcvovi K…wZmš—vb| Avi cÖ_g evOvwj wek¦my›`ix myw¯§Zv †m‡bi ˆegvwbK wcZv myexi †mbI Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb GB ¸ßcvovq| Zvu‡`i evwoUvi bvg wQ‡jv ÔKvwgbx KzwUiÕ| Z‡e Gu‡`i mevi kx‡l© hvui bvg, wZwbB AZzjP›`ª ¸ß| wZwb mviv fviZe‡l©i ïay AcÖwZØ›`x G¨vW‡fv‡KU wQ‡jb bv, wQ‡jb cÖw_Zhkv mvwnwZ¨KI|

AZzjP›`ª ¸‡ßi Rb¥ 1884 wLª÷v‡ã ¸ßcvovq| iscyi †Riv ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ wQ‡jb| 1906 wLª÷v‡ã `k©b kv‡¯¿ cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z Gg.G.cvk K‡ib wZwb| Gici wb‡jb we.Gj.wWwMÖ| wKQyw`b iscy‡i RvZxq we`¨vj‡q wk¶KZv K‡ib| AZtci IKvjwZ ïi“ Ki‡jb iscy‡i| 1914 wLª÷v‡ã †hvM w`‡jb KjKvZv nvB‡Kv‡U©| cieZx©Kv‡j wZwb fviZe‡l©i Ab¨Zg †kªó AvBbRxex wn‡m‡e cÖwmw× jvf K‡ib| AvBb †ckvi cvkvcvwk wZwb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q †ivgvb AvBb I Rywim cÖ“‡WÝ-Gi Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| H mgq Trading with the Enemy bv‡gi GKwU M‡elbvg~jK cÖeÜ wj‡L KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K ÔAbv_ †`eÕ cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| Gici KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K †c‡jb wW.Gj(Doctor of low) wWwMÖ 1957 wLª.|

wZwb eû MÖ‡š’i bw›`Z †jLK| Zvui iwPZ K‡qKwU MÖš’ n‡jv-Ôb`xc‡_Õ (ågYKvwnbx), ÔRwgi gvwjKÕ,ÔBwZnv‡mi gyw³Õ,ÔmgvR I weevnÕ(cÖeÜMÖš’)BZ¨vw`| Z‡e Zuvi iwPZ †kªó ÔKve¨ wRÁvmvÕ| MÖš’wU KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Gg.G. K¬v‡mi cvV¨ wQ‡jv| Z‡e mvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡e wZwb †hgb ¯^bvgab¨,‡Zgwb AvBbRxex wn‡m‡e cÖw_Zhkv| kª‡×q G¨vW‡fv‡KU KvRx gyn¤§` Gwnqv (iscyi) Gi gy‡L ï‡bwQ, H hy‡M AZzjP›`ª ¸‡ßi GKw`‡bi IKvjwZi wd wQ‡jv GKnvRvi GK UvKv| wZwb 1961 wLª÷v‡ã gviv †M‡jb KjKvZvq|

AZzjP›`ª ¸‡ßi RxebUv wQ‡j †lvjKjvq c~Y©| wcZv wn‡m‡eI Zvui Rxeb wQ‡jv mv_©K| Zvui AmvaviY †gavex cyÎ cÖZzjP›`ª ¸ß gvÎ 26 eQi eq‡m History †Z W±‡iU Dcvwa jvf K‡iwQ‡jb jÛb †_‡K| Zvui RxeUvI eY©gq| wek¦fviZx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© n‡jb 1971 wLª÷v‡ã| Zvici n‡jb GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwUi KY©avi| ÔKjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi 100 eQ‡ii BwZnvmÕ iPbvq wZwb wQ‡jb hyM¥m¤úv`K| wcZvi g‡Zv cÖZzjP›`ª ¸ß iscyi †Rjv ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ wQ‡jb bv| wZwb fwZ© n‡qwQ‡jb ˆKjvkiÄb nvB ¯‹z‡j| Zvui cÖK…Z bvg wQ‡jv A‡kvKP›`ª ¸ß| wKš‘ hLb ˆKjvkiÄb ¯‹z‡j fwZ© n‡Z †M‡jb, ZLb GKUv gRvi NUbv NU‡jv| Zvui weL¨vZ wcZv‡K iscyi kn‡i mevB wPb‡Zb| ZvB ¯‹z‡ji LvZvq  bvg †jLv‡Z wM‡q wcZvi bvg ej‡ZB gvóvi gkvB ej‡jb, ÔZzwg AZzjP›`ª ¸‡ßi cyÎ, Avi †Zvgvi bvg A‡kvKP›`ª ¸ß GUv †Zv wVK n‡jv bv; †Zvgvi bvgwU AZz‡ji cyÎ cyZzj n‡j wVK nqÕ| e¨vm, ZLbB Zvui bvgwU LvZvq †jLv n‡jv cÖZzjP›`ª¸ß| ZvB wZwb hLb AvZ¥¯§„wZ MÖš’ Ôw`b¸wj †gviÕ wjL‡jb, ZLb ˆkke ¯§ywZPviY Ki‡Z wM‡q wjL‡jb, ¯‹z‡j fwZ© n‡Z †Mjvg A‡kvKP›`ª ¸ß n‡q, evmvq wd‡i Gjvg cÖZzjP›`ª ¸ß n‡qÕ| wZwb Av‡iv wjL‡jb, ÔAvgv‡`i †nWgvóvi wQ‡jb w¶Zwk P›`ª evMPx, Avi A¨vwm÷v¨v›U ‡nWgv÷vi wQ‡jb b‡M›`ªbv_ †mb| KweivRx wPwKrmv Rvb‡Zb| ZvB GKUv †`vKvb Ly‡j bvg w`‡jb ÔPxc dv‡g©mxÕ| wZwb wb‡R Ilya ˆZwi Ki‡Zb| wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ Zvui †ek cÖkvi n‡jv| iscy‡ii †m K‡Zv Kvwnbx| K‡Zv gRvi NUbv| coš— †ejvq †mBme myL-¯§„wZ †Pv‡L fvm‡j g‡b nq Avevi hw` ‰kk‡e wd‡i †h‡Z cviZvg, Zv n‡j bv wK gRvB n‡Zv|

cyZzjP‡›`ªi gv‡qi bvg mvweÎx †`ex| Rb¥-gvZzjvj‡q gvwbKM‡Äi †ZIZv MÖv‡g| gvgv e¨vwi÷vi I †`kweL¨vZ †bZv wKiYk¼i ivq| Wv. wegj †mb¸ß Ges iscyi mw¤§jbx ¯§viKc‡Î ÔW.cÖZzjP›`ª ¸ßÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GKUv Z_¨eûj PgrKvi wbeÜ wj‡L‡Qb| H wbe‡Üi mgvwßUv  †U‡b‡Qb Gfv‡e|

Ôwec­ex cÖdzj­ PvKxi kZ Rb¥ewl©Kx (1988wLª) Abyôv‡b D‡Øvabx fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb W.cÖZzj P›`ª ¸ß| Avgiv iscyi mw¤§jbxi mevB Zvuv‡K †c‡q Avbw›`Z I Mwe©Z|Õ 1990 mv‡jI Avgv‡`i evwl©K Abyôv‡b G‡mwQ‡jb| 1991-‡Z Zvu‡K Avgv‡`i gv‡S Avevi cv‡ev, G Avkv Avgiv K‡iwQ- jvg| wKš‘ 1991 KvU‡jv bv| nvmcvZv‡j Checkup G fwZ© n‡qwQ‡jb; †mLv‡bB webv †g‡N eRªcv‡Zi g‡Zv ci ci `yevi †÷ªv‡K Rxeb `xc wb‡f †M‡jv| Zvui Rxeb I m„wó weivU| GKwU gvÎ AÄwj‡Z Zvui ¯§„wZc~Rv m¤¢e bq| wZwb wQ‡jb AZzjP›`ª ¸‡ßi my‡hvM¨ weØvb cyÎ| wcZv fviZe‡l©i †miv e¨enviRxex, Avi cyÎ evsjvi †miv wk¶vwe`| Zvu‡K †fvjv hvq bv|

          Z_¨m~Î:

          * AZzjP›`ª ¸‡ßi †k¦Zgg©i g~wZ©i cÖwZK…wZwU KjKvZv nvB‡Kv‡U©i eviv›`v †_‡K K¨v‡giv         w`‡q Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb †jLK| ‡mB cÖwZK…wZwU GB MÖ‡š’ †`Iqv n‡jv|

20.    wec­ex -‡kªô cÖdzj­ PvKx